Citation: XUE Cheng-Feng, WANG Wen-Ting, MAO Cui-Ping, WU Li-Na, YAN Xiao-Mei. Assessment of Viability and Upper Gastrointestinal Tolerance of Commercial Probiotic Products by Nano-flow Cytometry[J]. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, ;2023, 51(4): 502-512. doi: 10.19756/j.issn.0253-3820.221468 shu

Assessment of Viability and Upper Gastrointestinal Tolerance of Commercial Probiotic Products by Nano-flow Cytometry

Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China

Corresponding author: YAN Xiao-Mei, xmyan@xmu.edu.cn
Received Date: 22 September 2022
Revised Date: 23 October 2022

Fund Project: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21934004, 21627811) and the National Fund for Fostering Talents of Basic Science (No. J1310024).

Viable quantity and upper gastrointestinal tolerance are two important indicators of probiotic products, which together determine the number of viable bacteria that can eventually colonize in the human intestine. Accurate assessment of these two indicators is essential for guiding consumers to choose probiotic products and for manufacturers to improve product quality. Based on the unique advantages of the laboratory-developed nano-flow cytometry (nFCM) in the sensitive and rapid analysis of individual bacteria, the viable quantities of probiotic powder and upon digestion with simulated gastric juice (SGJ), simulated intestinal juice (SIJ), and simulated upper gastrointestinal tract were measured in this work. Nucleic acid stains SYTO 9 and propidium iodide (PI) were applied to label all the bacteria or dead bacteria with damaged membrane integrity, respectively. The viable quantity and upper gastrointestinal tolerance of 18 kinds of probiotic products (including 16 kinds of powdered products and 2 kinds of capsules) were evaluated. The viable quantity of these 18 products was higher than 10¹⁰ cell/package, with an average viable rate of 61.7%. All products met the International Standard for probiotic products (10⁷ cfu/g), but one was lower than the level stated on the label. Then, SGJ at pH=3 and SIJ with bile salt concentration of 0.3% (m/V) were used to examine the tolerance of probiotic products to gastric juice, intestinal juice and upper gastrointestinal tract. By comparing the survival rate after SGJ and SIJ digestion, the products could be divided into two categories. One had stronger gastric juice resistance (12 products), and the other one had stronger intestinal juice resistance (6 products). For most products, over 10⁸ cells/package of probiotics survived after upper gastrointestinal tract digestion, with an average survival rate of 15.6%. Finally, the protection effect of stomach capsules and enteric capsules on probiotics was investigated. The enteric capsules showed gastric protection to probiotics. However, the encapsulated probiotics needed to have strong intestinal tolerance at the same time to improve their survival rate in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
- Probiotics,
- Commercial probiotic products,
- Nano-flow cytometry,
- Bacterial viability,
- Upper gastro-intestinal tolerance
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