Citation: Hao WANG, Kun TANG, Jiangyang SHAO, Kezhi WANG, Yuwu ZHONG. Electro-copolymerized film of ruthenium catalyst and redox mediator for electrocatalytic water oxidation[J]. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, ;2024, 40(11): 2193-2202. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240176 shu

Electro-copolymerized film of ruthenium catalyst and redox mediator for electrocatalytic water oxidation

Hao WANG ^{1, 2, #} ,
Kun TANG ^{1, 3, #} ,
Jiangyang SHAO ¹ ,
Kezhi WANG ^2,, ,
Yuwu ZHONG ^{1, 3,,}

1.
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
3.
School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Corresponding author: Kezhi WANG, kzwang@bnu.edu.cn Yuwu ZHONG, zhongyuwu@iccas.ac.cn
Received Date: 11 April 2024
Revised Date: 20 September 2024

Figures(8)

Electro-copolymerized film containing ruthenium complexes as electron-transfer (or redox) mediators and water-oxidation catalysts by an oxidative copolymerization method is presented. The addition of the redox mediator significantly improved the electrocatalytic water-oxidation activity and reduced the overpotential to 220 mV. The prepared electrode showed a water-oxidation catalytic rate constant k_obs of 31.7 s^-1 and an initial turnover frequency of 1.01 s^-1 in 1 000 s by potential electrolysis at 1.7 V applied bias vs NHE (normal hydrogen electrode). The kinetic isotope effect study suggests that the catalytic water oxidation reaction on the electrode surface occurs via a bimolecular coupling mechanism.
- water oxidation,
- water splitting,
- ruthenium complexes,
- electropolymerization,
- electrocatalysis
1. [1]
  Concepcion J J, Jurss J W, Brennaman M K, Hoertz P G, Patrocinio A O T, Murakami Iha N Y, Templeton J L, Meyer T J. Making oxygen with ruthenium complexes[J]. Acc. Chem. Res., 2009,42(12):1954-1965. doi: 10.1021/ar9001526
2. [2]
  Gersten S W, Samuels G J, Meyer T J. Catalytic oxidation of water by an oxo-bridged ruthenium dimer[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982,104(14):4029-4030. doi: 10.1021/ja00378a053
3. [3]
  Blakemore J D, Schley N D, Balcells D, Hull J F, Olack G W, Incarvito C D, Eisenstein O, Brudvig G W, Crabtree R H. Half-sandwich iridium complexes for homogeneous water-oxidation catalysis[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010,132(45):16017-16029. doi: 10.1021/ja104775j
4. [4]
  Concepcion J J, Jurss J W, Templeton J L, Meyer T J. One site is enough[J]. catalytic water oxidation by[Ru(tpy)(bpm)(OH₂)]²⁺ and[Ru(tpy)(bpz)(OH₂)]²⁺. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008,130(49):16462-16463.
5. [5]
  Duan L L, Bozoglian F, Mandal S, Stewart B, Privalov T, Llobet A, Sun L C. A molecular ruthenium catalyst with water-oxidation activity comparable to that of photosystem Ⅱ[J]. Nat. Chem., 2012,4:418-423. doi: 10.1038/nchem.1301
6. [6]
  Kärkäs M D, Åkermark T, Chen H, Sun J L, Åkermark B. A tailor-made molecular ruthenium catalyst for the oxidation of water and its deactivation through poisoning by carbon monoxide[J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2013,52(15):4189-4193. doi: 10.1002/anie.201210226
7. [7]
  Zong R F, Thummel R P. A new family of Ru complexes for water oxidation[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005,127(37):12802-12803. doi: 10.1021/ja054791m
8. [8]
  Wasylenko D J, Ganesamoorthy C, Henderson M A, Koivisto B D, Osthoff H D, Berlinguette C P. Electronic modification of the[Ru^Ⅱ(tpy)(bpy)(OH₂)]²⁺ scaffold: Effects on catalytic water oxidation[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010,132(45):16094-16106. doi: 10.1021/ja106108y
9. [9]
  Matheu R, Ertem M Z, Pipelier M, Lebreton J, Dubreuil D, Benet- Buchholz J, Sala X, Tessier A, Llobet A. The role of seven-coordination in Ru-catalyzed water oxidation[J]. ACS Catal., 2018,8(3):2039-2048. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03638
10. [10]
  Sun K, Saadi F H, Lichterman M F, Hale W G, Wang H P, Zhou X H, Plymale N T, Omelchenko S T, He Z H, Papadantonakis K M, Brunschwig B S, Lewis N S. Stable solar-driven oxidation of water by semiconducting photoanodes protected by transparent catalytic nickel oxide films[J]. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2015,112(12):3612-3617. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1423034112
11. [11]
  Zeng P, Zhou Y, Peng L L, Wang S C, Peng T Y. Architecture modification and In³⁺-doping of WO₃ photoanodes to boost the photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance[J]. Sci. China Chem., 2023,66(11):3269-3279. doi: 10.1007/s11426-023-1691-1
12. [12]
  ZHANG Y Z, GUO X, SONG X Y, LI X. Advances in non-metallic doping of transition metal electrocatalysts for overall water splitting[J]. Chinese J. Inorg. Chem., 2024,40(2):289-306.
13. [13]
  FAN M M, WEN X J, TAO Z Y, ZHAO Q, LI J P, LIU G. Construction and photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance of BiVO₄/ZnFe₂O₄ homotypic heterojunction photoanode[J]. Chinese J. Inorg. Chem., 2023,39(1):23-31.
14. [14]
  Qin L S, Zhang W, Cao R. Hydrophilic MnO₂ nanowires coating with o-fluoroaniline for electrocatalytic water oxidation[J]. Chin. J. Struct. Chem., 2023,42(8)100105. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100105
15. [15]
  Fan X Y, Yuan X J, Zhang K. Boosting bulk charge transport of CuWO₄ photoanodes via Cs doping for solar water oxidation[J]. Chin. J. Struct. Chem., 2024,43(2)100207. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100207
16. [16]
  Zhang Y, Wang B, Hu C, Humayun M, Huang Y P, Cao Y L. Negem M, Ding Y G, Wang C D[J]. Fe—Ni—F electrocatalyst for enhancing reaction kinetics of water oxidation. Chin. J. Struct. Chem., 2024,43(2)100243.
17. [17]
  Wang L, Duan L L, Wang Y, Ahlquist M S G, Sun L C. Highly efficient and robust molecular water oxidation catalysts based on ruthenium complexes[J]. Chem. Commun., 2014,50(85):12947-12950. doi: 10.1039/C4CC05069J
18. [18]
  Joya K S, Subbaiyan N K, D'Souza F, de Groot H J M. Surface-immobilized single-site iridium complexes for electrocatalytic water splitting[J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2012,51(38):9601-9605. doi: 10.1002/anie.201203560
19. [19]
  Chen Z F, Concepcion J J, Jurs J W, Meyer T J. Single-site, catalytic water oxidation on oxide surfaces[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009,131(43):15580-15581. doi: 10.1021/ja906391w
20. [20]
  Youngblood W J, Lee S H A, Kobayashi Y, Hernandez-Pagan E A, Hoertz P G, Moore T A, Moore A L, Gust D, Mallouk T E. Photoassisted overall water splitting in a visible light-absorbing dye- sensitized photoelectrochemical cell[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009,131(3):926-927. doi: 10.1021/ja809108y
21. [21]
  Zhao Y X, Swierk J R, Megiatto J D, Sherman B, Youngblood W J, Qin D D, Lentz D M, Moore A L, Moore T A, Gust D, Mallouk T E. Improving the efficiency of water splitting in dye-sensitized solar cells by using a biomimetic electron transfer mediator[J]. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2012,109(39):15612-15616. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1118339109
22. [22]
  Gao Y, Ding X, Liu J H, Wang L, Lu Z K, Li L, Sun L C. Visible light driven water splitting in a molecular device with unprecedentedly high photocurrent density[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013,135(11):4219-4222. doi: 10.1021/ja400402d
23. [23]
  Wu L, Nayakb A, Shao J, Meyerb T J. Crossing the bridge from molecular catalysis to a heterogenous electrode in electrocatalytic water oxidation[J]. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2019,116(23):11153-11158. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1902455116
24. [24]
  Wu L, Eberhart M, Shan B, Nayak A, Brennaman M K, Miller A J M, Shao J, Meyer T J. Stable molecular surface modification of nanostructured, mesoporous metal oxide photoanodes by silane and click chemistry[J]. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2019,11(4):4560-4567. doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b17824
25. [25]
  Alibabaei L, Brennaman M K, Norris M R, Kalanyan B, Song W, Losego M D, Concepcion J J, Binstead R A, Parsons G N, Meyer T J. Solar water splitting in a molecular photoelectrochemical cell[J]. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2013,110(50):20008-20013. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1319628110
26. [26]
  Hanson K, Torelli D A, Vannucci A K, Brennaman M K, Luo H, Alibabaei L, Song W, Ashford D L, Norris M R, Glasson C R K, Concepcion J J, Meyer T J. Self-assemble bilayer films of ruthenium(Ⅱ)/polypyridyl complexes through layer-by-layer deposition on nanostructured metal oxides[J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2012,51(51):12782-12785. doi: 10.1002/anie.201206882
27. [27]
  Ding X, Gao Y, Zhang L L, Yu Z, Liu J H, Sun L C. Visible light-driven water splitting in photoelectrochemical cells with supramolecular catalysts on photoanodes[J]. ACS Catal., 2014,4(7):2347-2350. doi: 10.1021/cs500518k
28. [28]
  Ashford D L, Sherman B D, Binstead R A, Templeton J L, Meyer T J. Electro-assembly of a chromophore-catalyst bilayer for water oxidation and photocatalytic water splitting[J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2015,54(16):4778-4781. doi: 10.1002/anie.201410944
29. [29]
  Wang L, Fan K, Daniel Q, Duan L L, Li F S, Philippe B, Rensmo H, Chen H, Sun J L, Sun L C. Electrochemical driven water oxidation by molecular catalysts in situ polymerized on the surface of graphite carbon electrode[J]. Chem. Commun., 2015,51(37):7883-7886. doi: 10.1039/C5CC00242G
30. [30]
  Li F S, Fan K, Wang L, Daniel Q, Duan L L, Sun L C. Immobilizing Ru(bda) catalyst on a photoanode via electrochemical polymerization for light-driven water splitting[J]. ACS Catal., 2015,5(6):3786-3790. doi: 10.1021/cs502115f
31. [31]
  Wu L, Brennaman M K, Nayak A, Eberhart M, Miller A J M, Meyer T J. Stabilization of ruthenium(Ⅱ) polypyridyl chromophores on mesoporous TiO₂ electrodes: Surface reductive electropolymerization and silane chemistry[J]. ACS Central Sci., 2019,5(3):506-514.
32. [32]
  Ashford D L, Lapides A M, Vannucci A K, Hanson K, Torelli D A, Harrison D P, Templeton J L, Meyer T J. Water oxidation by an electropolymerized catalyst on derivatized mesoporous metal oxide electrodes[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2014,136(18):6578-6581.
33. [33]
  Sherman B D, Ashford D L, Lapides A M, Sheridan M V, Wee K R, Meyer T J. Light-driven water splitting with a molecular electroassembly-based core/shell photoanode[J]. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2015,6(16):3213-3217.
34. [34]
  Zhong Y W, Yao C J, Nie H J. Electropolymerized films of vinyl- substituted polypyridine complexes: Synthesis, characterization, and applications[J]. Coord. Chem. Rev., 2013,257(7/8):1357-1372.
35. [35]
  Gu C, Huang N, Gao J, Xu F, Xu Y H, Jiang D L. Controlled synthesis of conjugated microporous polymer films: Versatile platforms for highly sensitive and label-free chemo-and biosensing[J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014,53(19):4850-4855.
36. [36]
  Li M, Li Y F. Solid-phase electrosynthesis[J]. Acc. Chem. Res., 2023,56(24):3694-3703.
37. [37]
  Shao J Y, Zhong Y W. Stabilization of a cyclometalated ruthenium sensitizer on nanocrystalline TiO₂ by an electrodeposited covalent layer[J]. Inorg. Chem., 2019,58(5):3509-3517.
38. [38]
  Cui B B, Mao Z P, Chen Y X, Zhong Y W, Yu G, Zhan C L, Yao J N. Tuning of resistive memory switching in electropolymerized metallopolymeric films[J]. Chem. Sci., 2015,6(2):1308-1315.
39. [39]
  Wang J X, Zhang H, Li S M, Ding C J, Zhao Y J, Long X Z, Wei C, Wang Y F, Li Y F, Shen L Y, Cui S X, Hong W J, Li M. Crystalline unipolymer monolayer with high modulus and conductivity[J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2022,62(4)e202216838.
40. [40]
  Zhang J, Du J, Wang J X, Wang Y F, Wei C, Li M. Vertical step-growth polymerization driven by electrochemical stimuli from an electrode[J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2018,57(51):16698-16702.
41. [41]
  Li P, Wang Z X, Song C P, Zhang H Y. Rigid fused p-spacers in D-π-A type molecules for dye-sensitized solar cells: A computational investigation[J]. J. Mater. Chem. C, 2017,5(44)11454.
42. [42]
  Zhao J, Dang F F, Liu B A, Wu Y, Yang X L, Zhou G J, Wu Z X, Wong W Y. Bis-Zn^Ⅱ salphen complexes bearing pyridyl functionalized ligands for efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)[J]. Dalton Trans., 2017,46(18):6098-6110.
43. [43]
  Vannucci A K, Alibabaei L, Losego M D, Concepcion J J, Kalanyan B, Parsons G N, Meyer T J. Crossing the divide between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis in water oxidation[J]. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2013,110(52):20918-20922.
44. [44]
  Sheridan M V, Sherman B D, Fang Z, Wee K R, Coggins M K, Meyer T J. Electron transfer mediator effects in the oxidative activation of a ruthenium dicarboxylate water oxidation catalyst[J]. ACS Catal., 2015,5(7):4404-4409.
45. [45]
  Vannucci A K, Hull J F, Chen Z F, Binstead R A, Concepcion J J, Meyer T J. Water oxidation intermediates applied to catalysis: Benzyl alcohol oxidation[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012,134(9):3972-3975.
46. [46]
  Walden A G, Miller A J M. Rapid water oxidation electrocatalysis by a ruthenium complex of the tripodal ligand tris(2-pyridyl)phosphine oxide[J]. Chem. Sci., 2015,6(4):2405-2410.
47. [47]
  Li A, Zhang Y F, Sun Z C, Niu Z Y, Lan G X. Photosensitizing metal-organic layers for photocatalysis, artificial photosynthesis and fluorescence imaging[J]. Sci. China Chem., 2023,66(12):3372-3382.
48. [48]
  Romain S, Vigara L, Llobet A. Oxygen-oxygen bond formation pathways promoted by ruthenium complexes[J]. Acc. Chem. Res., 2009,42(12):1944-1953.
49. [49]
  Duan L L, Tong L P, Xu Y H, Sun L C. Visible light-driven water oxidation: From molecular catalysts to photoelectrochemical cells[J]. Energy Environ. Sci., 2011,4(9):3296-3313.
50. [50]
  Jiang Y, Li F, Zhang B B, Li X N, Wang X H, Huang F, Sun L C. Promoting the activity of catalysts for the oxidation of water with bridged dinuclear ruthenium complexes[J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2013,25(12):3398-3401.
51. [51]
  Zhang L L, Gao Y, Ding X, Yu Z, Sun L C. High-performance photoelectrochemical cells based on a binuclear ruthenium catalyst for visible-light-driven water oxidation[J]. ChemSusChem, 2014,7(10):2801-2804.
52. [52]
  Duan L L, Fischer A, Xu Y H, Sun L C. Isolated seven-coordinate Ru(Ⅳ) dimer complex with[HOHOH]^- bridging ligand as an intermediate for catalytic water oxidation[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009,131(30):10397-10399.
1. [1]
  Rui PAN , Yuting MENG , Ruigang XIE , Daixiang CHEN , Jiefa SHEN , Shenghu YAN , Jianwu LIU , Yue ZHANG . Selective electrocatalytic reduction of Sn(Ⅳ) by carbon nitrogen materials prepared with different precursors. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(5): 1015-1024. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230433
2. [2]
  Rui Deng , Wenjie Jiang , Tianqi Yu , Jiali Lu , Boyao Feng , Panagiotis Tsiakaras , Shibin Yin . Cycad-leaf-like crystalline-amorphous heterostructures for efficient urea oxidation-assisted water splitting. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(7): 100290-100290. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100290
3. [3]
  Wenhao Chen , Jian Du , Hanbin Zhang , Hancheng Wang , Kaicheng Xu , Zhujun Gao , Jiaming Tong , Jin Wang , Junjun Xue , Ting Zhi , Longlu Wang . Surface treatment of GaN nanowires for enhanced photoelectrochemical water-splitting. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109168-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109168
4. [4]
  Shuyuan Pan , Zehui Yang , Fang Luo . Ni-based electrocatalysts for urea assisted water splitting. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(8): 100373-100373. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100373
5. [5]
  Kun Wang , Jiaxuan Qiu , Zefei Wu , Yang Liu , Yongqi Liu , Xiangpeng Chen , Bao Zang , Jianmei Chen , Yunchao Lei , Longlu Wang , Qiang Zhao . Wafer-level GaN-based nanowires photocatalyst for water splitting. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(3): 109993-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109993
6. [6]
  Tianli Hui , Tao Zheng , Xiaoluo Cheng , Tonghui Li , Rui Zhang , Xianghai Meng , Haiyan Liu , Zhichang Liu , Chunming Xu . A review of plasma treatment on nano-microstructure of electrochemical water splitting catalysts. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2025, 44(3): 100520-100520. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100520
7. [7]
  Yi Zhang , Biao Wang , Chao Hu , Muhammad Humayun , Yaping Huang , Yulin Cao , Mosaad Negem , Yigang Ding , Chundong Wang . Fe–Ni–F electrocatalyst for enhancing reaction kinetics of water oxidation. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(2): 100243-100243. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100243
8. [8]
  Yang Yang , Jing-Li Luo , Xian-Zhu Fu . Water-oxidation intermediates enabling electrochemical propylene epoxidation. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(5): 100269-100269. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100269
9. [9]
  Xian Yan , Huawei Xie , Gao Wu , Fang-Xing Xiao . Boosted solar water oxidation steered by atomically precise alloy nanocluster. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 110279-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110279
10. [10]
  Zhiqiang Wang , Yajie Gao , Tianjun Wang , Wei Chen , Zefeng Ren , Xueming Yang , Chuanyao Zhou . Photocatalyzed oxidation of water on oxygen pretreated rutile TiO₂(110). Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 110602-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110602
11. [11]
  Chunru Liu , Ligang Feng . Advances in anode catalysts of methanol-assisted water-splitting reactions for hydrogen generation. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2023, 42(10): 100136-100136. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100136
12. [12]
  Yuchen Guo , Xiangyu Zou , Xueling Wei , Weiwei Bao , Junjun Zhang , Jie Han , Feihong Jia . Fe regulating Ni3S2/ZrCoFe-LDH@NF heterojunction catalysts for overall water splitting. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(2): 100206-100206. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100206
13. [13]
  Ji Chen , Yifan Zhao , Shuwen Zhao , Hua Zhang , Youyu Long , Lingfeng Yang , Min Xi , Zitao Ni , Yao Zhou , Anran Chen . Heterogeneous bimetallic oxides/phosphides nanorod with upshifted d band center for efficient overall water splitting. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109268-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109268
14. [14]
  Shudi Yu , Jie Li , Jiongting Yin , Wanyu Liang , Yangping Zhang , Tianpeng Liu , Mengyun Hu , Yong Wang , Zhengying Wu , Yuefan Zhang , Yukou Du . Built-in electric field and core-shell structure of the reconstructed sulfide heterojunction accelerated water splitting. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 110068-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110068
15. [15]
  Lu Qi , Zhaoyang Chen , Xiaoyu Luan , Zhiqiang Zheng , Yurui Xue , Yuliang Li . Atomically dispersed Mn enhanced catalytic performance for overall water splitting on graphdiyne-coated copper hydroxide nanowire. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(1): 100197-100197. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100197
16. [16]
  Limin Wang , Feiyi Huang , Xinyi Liang , Rajkumar Devasenathipathy , Xiaotian Liu , Qiulan Huang , Zhongyun Yang , Dujuan Huang , Xinglan Peng , Du-Hong Chen , Youjun Fan , Wei Chen . Photoelectric synergy induced synchronous functionalization of graphene and its applications in water splitting and desalination. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2025, 44(2): 100501-100501. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100501
17. [17]
  Liang Dong , Jingkuo Qu , Tuo Zhang , Guanghui Zhu , Ningning Ma , Chang Zhao , Yi Yuan , Xiangjiu Guan , Liejin Guo . MOF-derived NiCo bimetallic cocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic overall water splitting. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(3): 110397-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110397
18. [18]
  Zuyou Song , Yong Jiang , Qiao Gou , Yini Mao , Yimin Jiang , Wei Shen , Ming Li , Rongxing He . Promoting the generation of active sites through "Co-O-Ru" electron transport bridges for efficient water splitting. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 109793-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109793
19. [19]
  Xu Huang , Kai-Yin Wu , Chao Su , Lei Yang , Bei-Bei Xiao . Metal-organic framework Cu-BTC for overall water splitting: A density functional theory study. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 109720-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109720
20. [20]
  Lina Wang , Hairu Wang , Qian Bu , Qiong Mei , Junbo Zhong , Bo Bai , Qizhao Wang . Al-O bridged NiFeO_x/BiVO₄ photoanode for exceptional photoelectrochemical water splitting. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 110139-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110139

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(3)
Abstract views(316)
HTML views(48)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142