Citation: Rui Sun, Na-sha Qiu, You-qing Shen. Polymeric Cancer Nanomedicines: Challenge and Development[J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica, ;2019, 50(6): 588-601. doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2019.19005 shu

Polymeric Cancer Nanomedicines: Challenge and Development

Rui Sun ^‡ ,
Na-sha Qiu ^‡ ,
You-qing Shen ^,

Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027

Corresponding author: You-qing Shen, shenyq@zju.edu.cn
Received Date: 8 January 2019
Revised Date: 11 February 2019
Available Online: 3 April 2019

At present, cancer nanomedicine mainly focuses on mitigating adverse effects but fails to enhance the therapeutic efficacies of anticancer drugs. With the benchmark of the recent highly effective molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapies, rational design of next-generation cancer nanomedicine should aim at enhancing its therapeutic efficacy. From this point of view, this review first analyszs the typical cancer-drug-delivery process of an intravenously administered nanomedicine and concludes as a cascade of five steps, including circulation in the blood compartments, accumulation in the tumor, subsequent penetration deep into the tumor tissue to reach tumor cells, internalization into those cells, and finally intracellular drug release (CAPIR cascade for short). High efficiency of every step is critical for a nanomedicine to achieve a high overall delivery efficiency and thereby improve the whole therapeutic efficiency. Further analysis shows that to maximize its efficiency, the nanoproperties required in each step for a nanomedicine are different and even opposite in different steps, such as PEG, surface-charge, size, and stability dilemmas. To resolve these dilemmas and integrate all the required nanoproperties into one nanomedicine, stability, surface, and size nanoproperty transitions (3S transitions for short) are proposed. Stimulus-responsive polymers have been designed to realize the 3S transitions, including pH-, ROS-, redox-, enzyme-responsive, and so on. Smart nanomedicines possessing the 3S transitions are demonstrated. The challenges in designing high-performance cancer nanomedicines and their clinical translations are then discussed. Clinical translation is the ultimate goal of nanomedicine research. To design translational nanomedicines, the three key elements, 3S transition capability, material excipientability, and process scale-up ability (CES elements for short) must be considered. Our recent development of noncytotoxic with highly potent therapeutic polymers as a new type of molecular nanomedicine is summarized. Finally, by comparing viral vectors, a possible solution for multifunctional nanomedicines to realize their clinical translation is proposed.
- Nanomedicine,
- Functional polymers,
- Tumor-targeting delivery,
- 3S nanoproperty transitions,
- Copper sequestration,
- Molecular nanomedicine
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142