Citation: Dan Zhang, Wei Wu, Xi-qun Jiang. Controllable Synthesis and Biological Properties of Unimolecular Polymer Nanomaterials[J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica, ;2019, 50(3): 199-208. doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2019.18191 shu

Controllable Synthesis and Biological Properties of Unimolecular Polymer Nanomaterials

College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023

Corresponding author: Wei Wu, wuwei@nju.edu.cn
Received Date: 30 August 2018
Revised Date: 10 September 2018
Available Online: 30 October 2018

With the rapid development of modern organic chemistry and polymer chemistry, a variety of highly efficient and controllable synthetic methods have been discovered and applied extensively, such as click chemistry, atom transfer radical polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, and ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Their comprehensive application has realized the controlled preparation of unimolecular polymer nanomaterials with well-designed topological structures, including cyclodextrane polyrotaxanes, dendrimers, multiarm star-shaped polymers, wormlike polymer brushes, etc. Functioning as probes and drug carriers for disease diagnoses and treatments, respectively, these specifically fabricated materials are featured with such advantages as high designability, controllability, and stability of chemical structures, favorable reproducibility of pharmacokinetic and pharmacological profiles, great abundancy in reactive groups for multiple functionalization, and desirable ability to covalent-combine drugs for responsive targeted drug release. The highly controllable chemical structures of these unimolecular polymer nanomaterials make them the most suitable objects for studying the relationship between chemical and morphological structures and biological performance. Herein, the recent progress of our group is introduced, with specific focuses on the preparation of unimolecular polymer nanomaterials through controllable synthetic strategies, the precise control of their chemical structures and sizes, and the effect of their chemical structures and sizes on their in vitro and in vivo biological performance. The objectives of our research include cyclodextrane polyrotaxanes, dendrimers, multiarm star-shaped polymers, and wormlike polymer brushes, and their sizes range from several nanometers to dozens of nanometers. Based on our experiments, some important conclusions have been drawn as follows. Within the dimensional range between ten nanometers and dozens of nanometers, the size reduction of such nanomaterials favors higher cellular uptake, shorter blood circulation, as well as higher tumor accumulation and penetration. Besides, the nanomaterials with zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine) (PCB) surface exhibit higher cellular uptake, longer blood circulation, and higher tumor accumulation and penetration than those with the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) surface do thanks to the surface-tethered phenylboronic acid groups. These results can be much conducive to the design of polymer nanocarriers for tumor diagnosis and therapy.
- Unimolecular polymer nanomaterials,
- Controllable synthesis,
- Drug carriers,
- Tumor treatment
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