Citation: Wang You-zhi, Gao Jie, Yang Zhi-mou. Short Peptide-based Hydrogels: Mild Preparation Methods and Their Application as Vaccine Adjuvant[J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica, ;2018, (1): 9-20. doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2018.17199 shu

Short Peptide-based Hydrogels: Mild Preparation Methods and Their Application as Vaccine Adjuvant

State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071

Corresponding author: Yang Zhi-mou, yangzm@nankai.edu.cn
Received Date: 25 July 2017
Revised Date: 8 August 2017

Self-assembly prevails in nature, and has been used as a powerful strategy for construction of functional materials. Small molecular hydrogel is composed of nanofibers formed by self-assembly of small molecules (molecular weight usually < 2000) in aqueous solution. Among them, hydrogels formed by the self-assembly of short peptides through noncovalent interaction have attracted intensive interests due to their ease of design, biocompatibility and biodegradability, as well as fast response to external environment. Several classical methods have been developed to construct peptide-based hydrogels, including heating-cooling cycle, pH value adjustment, ionic strength change, solvent transform and sonication induction. However, these methods were not suitable for the encapsulation of bioactive components such as proteins and cells. Therefore, more biocompatible methods were needed for the biomedical application of peptide-based hydrogels. This paper summarizes our recent work on the development of biocompatible and mild preparation methods for the peptide-based hydrogels, including enzymatic triggeration, disulfide bond cleavage, redox control and specific protein-peptide interaction inducement. These strategies showed benefits for biomedical applications of short peptide-based hydrogels, including drug delivery, analyte detection, cancer inhibition and regenerative medicine. Recently, pioneering works demonstrated that self-assembled peptides could be used as self-adjuvated vaccines through covalent conjugation of peptide or protein antigens. We found several peptide-based hydrogels that could elicit strong immune responses by simply mixing them with antigens, which showed distinct advantages over other commercially available immune adjuvants. We summarize in this review a simple strategy to deliver subunit vaccines by physically mixing antigens including DNA, protein, and attenuated cells with nanofibers of self-assembling peptides. Vaccines based on self-assembling peptides can raise stronger antibody productions, which is useful for protective vaccine development and antibody production. Besides, several vaccines capable of eliciting strong CD8+ T cell response are also introduced, and they are promising for the development of vaccines to treat important diseases such as cancers and HIV. Challenges remained are also mentioned in the last section of this review. Overall, self-assembling peptides are very useful for antibody production and the development of novel vaccines to treat important diseases.
- Peptides,
- Hydrogels,
- Self-assembly,
- Immune adjuvant
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