Citation: Jie Mingsha, Mao Sifeng, Haifang Li, Lin Jin-Ming. Multi-channel microfluidic chip-mass spectrometry platform for cell analysis[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2017, 28(8): 1625-1630. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.05.024 shu

Multi-channel microfluidic chip-mass spectrometry platform for cell analysis

a.
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
b.
Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Corresponding author: Lin Jin-Ming, jmlin@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
Received Date: 13 May 2017
Revised Date: 24 May 2017
Accepted Date: 31 May 2017
Available Online: 2 August 2017

Figures(6)

In this review, we highlight the latest development of multi-channel microfluidic chip-mass spectrometry (chip-MS) in cell analysis and metabolite detection. Following a brief introduction about history and development of multi-channel microchip and MS combination, we will elaborate the key issues of constructing chip-MS platform interface. Then exciting progresses made in this field should be reviewed with well exemplified works, including chip-MS technology for cell introduction, pretreatment of cell secretions and cell metabolite analysis. We will also describe the development of integrated total analysis systems proposed by our group. We hope this brief review will inspire interested readers and provide knowledge about chip-MS platform in the bioanalysis field, particularly in cell analysis and metabolite identifying applications.
- Chip-MS platform,
- Interface technology,
- Cell analysis,
- Metabolite identification
1. [1]
  Wilhelm M., Schlegl J., Hahne H.. Mass-spectrometry-based draft of the human proteome[J]. Nature, 2014,509:582-587. doi: 10.1038/nature13319
2. [2]
  Yadav M., Jhunjhunwala S., Phung Q.T.. Predicting immunogenic tumour mutations by combining mass spectrometry and exome sequencing[J]. Nature, 2014,515:572-576. doi: 10.1038/nature14001
3. [3]
  Duncombe T.A., Tentori A.M., Herr A.E.. Microfluidics:reframing biological enquiry[J]. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 2015,16:554-567. doi: 10.1038/nrm4041
4. [4]
  Esch E.W., Bahinski A., Huh D.. Organs-on-chips at the frontiers of drug discovery[J]. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 2015,14:248-260. doi: 10.1038/nrd4539
5. [5]
  Sackmann E.K., Fulton A.L., Beebe D.J.. The present and future role of microfluidics in biomedical research[J]. Nature, 2014,507:181-189. doi: 10.1038/nature13118
6. [6]
  Zhu Y., Fang Q.. Analytical detection techniques for droplet microfluidics-a review[J]. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2013,787:24-35. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.04.064
7. [7]
  Brink F.T.G.V.D., Olthuis W., Berg A.V.D., Odijk M.. Miniaturization of electrochemical cells for mass spectrometry[J]. Trends Anal. Chem., 2015,70:40-49. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.01.014
8. [8]
  Oedit A., Vulto P., Ramautar R., Lindenburg P.W., Hankemeier T.. Lab-on-a-Chip hyphenation with mass spectrometry:strategies for bioanalytical applications[J]. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 2014,31:79-85.
9. [9]
  He X., Chen Q., Zhang Y., Lin J.M.. Recent advances in microchip-mass spectrometry for biological analysis[J]. Trends Anal. Chem., 2014,53:84-97. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.09.013
10. [10]
  Gao D., Liu H., Jiang Y., Lin J.M.. Recent developments in microfluidic devices for in vitro cell culture for cell-biology research[J]. Trends Anal. Chem., 2012,35:150-164. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.02.008
11. [11]
  Lin L., Lin J.M.. Development of cell metabolite analysis on microfluidic platform[J]. J. Pharm. Anal., 2015,5:337-347. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2015.09.003
12. [12]
  Gao D., Wei H., Guo G.S., Lin J.M.. Microfluidic cell culture and metabolism detection with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer[J]. Anal. Chem., 2010,82:5679-5685. doi: 10.1021/ac101370p
13. [13]
  Liu W., Lin J.M.. Online monitoring of lactate efflux by multi-channel microfluidic chip-mass spectrometry for rapid drug evaluation[J]. ACS Sens, 2016:344-347.
14. [14]
  Liu W., Wang N., Lin X., Ma Y., Lin J.M.. Interfacing microsampling droplets and mass spectrometry by paper spray ionization for online chemical monitoring of cell culture[J]. Anal. Chem., 2014,86:7128-7134. doi: 10.1021/ac501678q
15. [15]
  Xue Q., Foret F., Dunayevskiy Y.M.. Multichannel microchip electrospray mass spectrometry[J]. Anal. Chem., 1997,69:426-430. doi: 10.1021/ac9607119
16. [16]
  Ramsey R.S., Ramsey J.M.. Generating electrospray from microchip devices using electroosmotic pumping[J]. Anal. Chem., 1997,69:1174-1178. doi: 10.1021/ac9610671
17. [17]
  Koster S., Verpoorte E.. A decade of microfluidic analysis coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry:an overview[J]. Lab Chip, 2007,7:1394-1412. doi: 10.1039/b709706a
18. [18]
  Yin H., Killeen K., Brennen R.. Microfluidic chip for peptide analysis with an integrated hplc column sample enrichment column, and nanoelectrospray tip[J]. Anal. Chem., 2010,77:527-533.
19. [19]
  Kim J.S., Knapp D.R.. Miniaturized multichannel electrospray ionization emitters on poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic devices[J]. Electrophoresis, 2001,22:3993-3999. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1522-2683
20. [20]
  Bings N.H., Wang C., Skinner C.D.. Microfluidic devices connected to fused-silica capillaries with minimal dead volume[J]. Anal. Chem., 1999,71:3292-3296. doi: 10.1021/ac981419z
21. [21]
  Wei H., Li H., Lin J.M.. Analysis of herbicides on a single C(30) bead via a microfluidic device combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole timeof-flight mass spectrometer[J]. J. Chromatogr. A, 2009,1216:9134-9142. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.091
22. [22]
  Gao D., Wei H., Guo G.S., Lin J.M.. Microfluidic cell culture and metabolism detection with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer[J]. Anal. Chem., 2010,82:5679-5685. doi: 10.1021/ac101370p
23. [23]
  Li A., Wang H., Ouyang Z., Cooks R.G.. Paper spray ionization of polar analytes using non-polar solvents[J]. Chem. Commun., 2011,47:2811-2813. doi: 10.1039/c0cc05513a
24. [24]
  Liu W., Mao S., Wu J., Lin J.M.. Development and applications of paper-based electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry for monitoring of sequentially generated droplets[J]. Analyst, 2013,138:2163-2170. doi: 10.1039/c3an36404f
25. [25]
  Liu W., Chen Q., Lin X., Lin J.M.. Online multi-channel microfluidic chip-mass spectrometry and its application for quantifying noncovalent protein-protein interactions[J]. Analyst, 2015,140:1551-1554. doi: 10.1039/C4AN02370F
26. [26]
  Freire S.L., Wheeler A.R.. Proteome-on-a-chip:mirage or on the horizon[J]. Lab Chip, 2006,6:1415-1423. doi: 10.1039/b609871a
27. [27]
  Chambers A.G., Ramsey J.M.. Microfluidic dual emitter electrospray ionization source for accurate mass measurements[J]. Anal. Chem., 2012,84:1446-1451. doi: 10.1021/ac202603s
28. [28]
  Aijian A.P., Chatterjee D., Garrell R.L.. Fluorinated liquid-enabled protein handling and surfactant-aided crystallization for fully in situ digital microfluidic MALDI-MS analysis[J]. Lab Chip, 2012,12:2552-2559. doi: 10.1039/c2lc21135a
29. [29]
  Li J., Kelly J.F., Chernushevich I., Harrison D.J., Thibault P.. Separation and identification of peptides from gel-isolated membrane proteins using a microfabricated device for combined capillary electrophoresis/nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry[J]. Anal. Chem., 2000,72:599-609. doi: 10.1021/ac990986z
30. [30]
  Rossier J.S., Youhnovski N., Lion N.. Thin-chip microspray system for high-performance Fourier-transform ion-cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry of biopolymers[J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2003,42:54-58.
31. [31]
  Hoffmann P., usig U. Hä, Schulze P., Belder D.. Microfluidic glass chips with an integrated nanospray emitter for coupling to a mass spectrometer[J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2007,46:4913-4916. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1521-3773
32. [32]
  Gao D., Li H., Wang N., Lin J.M.. Evaluation of the absorption of methotrexate on cells and its cytotoxicity assay by using an integrated microfluidic device coupled to a mass spectrometer[J]. Anal. Chem., 2012,84:9230-9237.
33. [33]
  Su Y., Zhu Y., Fang Q.. A multifunctional microfluidic droplet-array chip for analysis by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry[J]. Lab Chip, 2013,13:1876-1882. doi: 10.1039/c3lc00063j
34. [34]
  Yue G.E., Roper M.G., Jeffery E.D.. Glass microfluidic devices with thin membrane voltage junctions for electrospray mass spectrometry[J]. Lab Chip, 2005,5:619-627. doi: 10.1039/b502446c
35. [35]
  Sun X., Kelly R.T., Tang K., Smith R.D.. Membrane-based emitter for coupling microfluidics with ultrasensitive nanoelectrospray ionization-mass spectrometry[J]. Anal. Chem., 2011,83:5797-5803. doi: 10.1021/ac200960h
36. [36]
  Mao P., Wang H.T., Yang P., Wang D.. Multinozzle emitter arrays for nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry[J]. Anal. Chem., 2011,83:6082-6089. doi: 10.1021/ac2011813
37. [37]
  Venter A., Nefliu M., Cooks R.G.. Ambient desorption ionization mass spectrometry[J]. Trends Anal. Chem., 2008,27:284-290. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2008.01.010
38. [38]
  Podgorski D.C., Hamdan R., Mckenna A.M.. Characterization of pyrogenic black carbon by desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry[J]. Anal. Chem., 2012,84:1281-1287. doi: 10.1021/ac202166x
39. [39]
  Liu J., Wang H., Manicke N.E.. Development characterization, and application of paper spray ionization[J]. Anal. Chem., 2010,82:2463-2471. doi: 10.1021/ac902854g
40. [40]
  Chen Q., He Z., Liu W.. Engineering cell-compatible paper chips for cell culturing drug screening, and mass spectrometric sensing[J]. Adv. Healthc. Mater., 2015,4:2291-2296. doi: 10.1002/adhm.201500383
41. [41]
  Wu J., Jie M., Dong X., Qi H., Lin J.M.. Multi-channel cell co-culture for drug development based on glass microfluidic chip-mass spectrometry coupled platform[J]. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2016,30:80-86. doi: 10.1002/rcm.7643
42. [42]
  Espy R.D., Teunissen S.F., Manicke N.E.. Paper spray and extraction spray mass spectrometry for the direct and simultaneous quantification of eight drugs of abuse in whole blood[J]. Anal. Chem., 2014,86:7712-7718. doi: 10.1021/ac5016408
43. [43]
  Xie W., Gao D., Jin F., Jiang Y., Liu H.. Study of phospholipids in single cells using an integrated microfluidic device combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry[J]. Anal. Chem., 2015,87:7052-7059. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00010
44. [44]
  Lazar I.M., Kabulski J.L.. Microfluidic LC device with orthogonal sample extraction for on-chip MALDI-MS detection[J]. Lab Chip, 2013,13:2055-2065. doi: 10.1039/C3LC50190F
45. [45]
  Yang M., Nelson R., Ros A.. Toward analysis of proteins in single cells:a quantitative approachemployingisobaric tags withMALDI mass spectrometry realized with a microfluidic platform[J]. Anal. Chem., 2016,88:6672-6679. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03419
46. [46]
  Moon H., Wheeler A.R., Garrell R.L., Loo J.A., Kim C.J.. An integrated digital microfluidic chip for multiplexed proteomic sample preparation and analysis by MALDI-MS[J]. Lab Chip, 2006,6:1213-1219. doi: 10.1039/b601954d
47. [47]
  Korenaga A., Chen F., Li H., Uchiyama K., Lin J.M.. Inkjet automated single cells and matrices printing system for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry[J]. Talanta, 2016,162:474-478.
48. [48]
  Wu J., Jie M., Li H.. Gold nanoparticles modified porous silicon chip for SALDI-MS determination of glutathione in cells[J]. Talanta, 2017,168:222-229. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.02.041
49. [49]
  Kang D.K., Ali M.M., Zhang K., Pone E.J., Zhao W.. Droplet microfluidics for single-molecule and single-cell analysis in cancer research, diagnosis and therapy[J]. Trends Anal. Chem., 2014,58:145-153. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.03.006
50. [50]
  Brouzes E., Medkova M., Savenelli N.. Droplet microfluidic technology for single-cell high-throughput screening[J]. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2009,106:14195-14200. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0903542106
51. [51]
  Mazutis L., Gilbert J., Ung W.L.. Single-cell analysis and sorting using droplet-based microfluidics[J]. Nat. Protoc., 2013,8:870-891. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2013.046
52. [52]
  Chen Q., Utech S., Chen D.. Controlled assembly of heterotypic cells in a core-shell scaffold:organ in a droplet[J]. Lab Chip, 2016,16:1346-1349. doi: 10.1039/C6LC00231E
53. [53]
  Chen Q., Chen D., Wu J., Lin J.M.. Flexible control of cellular encapsulation, permeability, and release in a droplet-templated bifunctional copolymer scaffold[J]. Biomicrofluidics, 2016,10064115. doi: 10.1063/1.4972107
54. [54]
  Gao D., Liu H., Lin J.M., Wang Y., Jiang Y.. Characterization of drug permeability in Caco-2 monolayers by mass spectrometry on a membrane-based microfluidic device[J]. Lab Chip, 2012,13:978-985.
55. [55]
  Chen Q., Wu J., Zhang Y., Lin J.M.. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of tumor cell metabolism via stable isotope labeling assisted microfluidic chip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry[J]. Anal. Chem., 2012,84:1695-1701. doi: 10.1021/ac300003k
56. [56]
  Wei H., Li H., Mao S., Lin J.M.. Cell signaling analysis by mass spectrometry under coculture conditions on an integrated microfluidic device[J]. Anal. Chem., 2011,83:9306-9313. doi: 10.1021/ac201709f
57. [57]
  Zhang J., Wu J., Li H., Chen Q., Lin J.M.. An in vitro liver model on microfluidic device for analysis of capecitabine metabolite using mass spectrometer as detector[J]. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2015,68:322-328. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.01.013
58. [58]
  Gouveia M.J., Santos J., Brindley P.J.. Estrogen-like metabolites and DNAadducts in urogenital schistosomiasis-associated bladder cancer[J]. Cancer Lett., 2015,359:226-232. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.01.018
59. [59]
  Mcknight T.R., Yoshihara H.A., Sitole L.J.. A combined chemometric and quantitative NMR analysis of HIV/AIDS serum discloses metabolic alterations associated with disease status[J]. Mol. Biosyst., 2014,10:2889-2897. doi: 10.1039/C4MB00347K
60. [60]
  J.Zhang , Chen F., He Z.. A novel approachfor preciselycontrolledmultiple cell patterning in microfluidic chips by inkjet printing and the detection of drug metabolism and diffusion[J]. Analyst, 2016,141:2940-2947. doi: 10.1039/C6AN00395H
61. [61]
  Mao S., Zhang J., Li H., Lin J.M.. Strategy for signaling molecule detection by using an integrated microfluidic device coupled with mass spectrometry to study cell-to-cell communication[J]. Anal. Chem., 2013,85:868-876. doi: 10.1021/ac303164b
62. [62]
  Jie M., Li H.F., Lin L., Zhang J., Lin J.M.. Integrated microfluidic system for cell coculture and simulation of drug metabolism[J]. RSC Adv., 2016,6:54564-54572. doi: 10.1039/C6RA10407J
63. [63]
  Wu Q., Gao D., Wei J.. Development of a novel multi-layer microfluidic device towards characterization of drug metabolism and cytotoxicity for drug screening[J]. Chem. Commun., 2014,50:2762-2764. doi: 10.1039/C3CC49771B
64. [64]
  Kelly R.T., Page J.S., Marginean I., Tang K., Smith R.D.. Dilution-free analysis from picoliter droplets by Nano-ESI MS[J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2009,121:6964-6967. doi: 10.1002/ange.v121:37
1. [1]
  Weiwei He , Hongbo Zhang , Xudong Lin , Lili Zhu , Tingting Zheng , Hao Pei , Yang Tian , Min Zhang , Guoyue Shi , Lei Wu , Jianlong Zhao , Gulinuer Wumaier , Shengqing Li , Yufang Xu , Honglin Li , Xuhong Qian . Advancements in life-on-a-chip: The impact of "Beyond Limits Manufacturing" technology. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 109091-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109091
2. [2]
  Yuchen Wang , Zhenhao Xu , Kai Yan . Rational design of metal-metal hydroxide interface for efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of biomass-derived platform molecules. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2025, 44(1): 100418-100418. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100418
3. [3]
  Kezuo Di , Jie Wei , Lijun Ding , Zhiying Shao , Junling Sha , Xilong Zhou , Huadong Heng , Xujing Feng , Kun Wang . A wearable sensor device based on screen-printed chip with biofuel cell-driven electrochromic display for noninvasive monitoring of glucose concentration. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 109911-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109911
4. [4]
  Yue Mao , Zhonghang Chen , Tiankai Sun , Wenyue Cui , Peng Cheng , Wei Shi . Luminescent coordination polymers with mixed carboxylate and triazole ligands for rapid detection of chloroprene metabolite. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(9): 100353-100353. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100353
5. [5]
  Wantong Zhang , Zixing Xu , Guofei Dai , Zhijian Li , Chunhui Deng . Removal of Microcystin-LR in lake water sample by hydrophilic mesoporous silica composites under high-throughput MALDI-TOF MS detection platform. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 109135-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109135
6. [6]
  Chaohui Zheng , Jing Xi , Shiyi Long , Tianpei He , Rui Zhao , Xinyuan Luo , Na Chen , Quan Yuan . Persistent luminescence encoding for rapid and accurate oral-derived bacteria identification. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 110223-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110223
7. [7]
  Xueling Yu , Lixing Fu , Tong Wang , Zhixin Liu , Na Niu , Ligang Chen . Multivariate chemical analysis: From sensors to sensor arrays. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 109167-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109167
8. [8]
  Yating Zheng , Yulan Huang , Jing Luo , Xuqi Peng , Xiran Gui , Gang Liu , Yang Zhang . Supercritical fluid technology: A game-changer for biomacromolecular nanomedicine preparation and biomedical application. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 109169-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109169
9. [9]
  Li Li , Fanpeng Chen , Bohang Zhao , Yifu Yu . Understanding of the structural evolution of catalysts and identification of active species during CO₂ conversion. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 109240-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109240
10. [10]
  Jie Ren , Hao Zong , Yaqun Han , Tianyi Liu , Shufen Zhang , Qiang Xu , Suli Wu . Visual identification of silver ornament by the structural color based on Mie scattering of ZnO spheres. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109350-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109350
11. [11]
  Huanyu Liu , Gang Yu , Ruoyao Guo , Hao Qi , Jiayin Zheng , Tong Jin , Zifeng Zhao , Zuqiang Bian , Zhiwei Liu . Direct identification of energy transfer mechanism in Ce^Ⅲ-Mn^Ⅱ system by constructing molecular heteronuclear complexes. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 110296-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110296
12. [12]
  Wenjing Dai , Lan Luo , Zhen Yin . Interface reconstruction of hybrid oxide electrocatalysts for seawater oxidation. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2025, 44(3): 100442-100442. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100442
13. [13]
  Yan-Jiang Li , Shu-Lei Chou , Yao Xiao . Detecting dynamic structural evolution based on in-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction technology for sodium layered oxide cathodes. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 110389-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110389
14. [14]
  Yunan Yuan , Zhimin Luo , Jie Chen , Chaoliang He , Kai Hao , Huayu Tian . Constructing thermoresponsive PNIPAM-based microcarriers for cell culture and enzyme-free cell harvesting. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 109549-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109549
15. [15]
  Neng Shi , Haonan Jia , Jixiang Zhang , Pengyu Lu , Chenglong Cai , Yixin Zhang , Liqiang Zhang , Nongyue He , Weiran Zhu , Yan Cai , Zhangqi Feng , Ting Wang . Accurate expression of neck motion signal by piezoelectric sensor data analysis. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109302-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109302
16. [16]
  Yuxin Li , Chengbin Liu , Qiuju Li , Shun Mao . Fluorescence analysis of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistance genes in the environment: A mini review. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109541-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109541
17. [17]
  Ze Liu , Xiaochen Zhang , Jinlong Luo , Yingjian Yu . Application of metal-organic frameworks to the anode interface in metal batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(11): 109500-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109500
18. [18]
  Weiyu Chen , Zenghui Li , Chenguang Zhao , Lisha Zha , Junfeng Shi , Dan Yuan . Enzyme-modulate conformational changes in amphiphile peptide for selectively cell delivery. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 109628-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109628
19. [19]
  Tian Feng , Yun-Ling Gao , Di Hu , Ke-Yu Yuan , Shu-Yi Gu , Yao-Hua Gu , Si-Yu Yu , Jun Xiong , Yu-Qi Feng , Jie Wang , Bi-Feng Yuan . Chronic sleep deprivation induces alterations in DNA and RNA modifications by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109259-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109259
20. [20]
  Cheng Guo , Xiaoxiao Zhang , Xiujuan Hong , Yiqiu Hu , Lingna Mao , Kezhi Jiang . Graphene as adsorbent for highly efficient extraction of modified nucleosides in urine prior to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108867-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108867

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(5)
Abstract views(935)
HTML views(17)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142