Citation: Rohit Kumar, Anita Sudhaik, Aftab Asalam Pawaz Khan, Van Huy Neguyen, Archana Singh, Pardeep Singh, Sourbh Thakur, Pankaj Raizada. Designing tandem S-scheme photo-catalytic systems: Mechanistic insights, characterization techniques, and applications[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2025, 41(11): 100150. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100150 shu

Designing tandem S-scheme photo-catalytic systems: Mechanistic insights, characterization techniques, and applications

1.
School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173229, India
2.
Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
3.
Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram District, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
4.
Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, 462026, MP, India
5.
Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

Corresponding author: Pardeep Singh, Pankaj Raizada,
Received Date: 18 June 2025
Revised Date: 4 August 2025
Accepted Date: 6 August 2025

Tandem S-scheme heterojunctions have emerged as a highly promising innovation in photocatalysis, offering an effective solution for environmental remediation. Unlike traditional Z-scheme or type-Ⅱ photocatalysts, the S-scheme architecture selectively retains high-energy photocarriers that actively participate in redox reactions. This unique mechanism enhances charge separation, strengthens internal electric fields, and enhance light absorption. However, the single junction of S-scheme suffers from low quantum efficiency. Therefore, engineering a multicomponent system with S-scheme effectively improve the photocatalytic properties. Tandem S-scheme systems consist of multiple semiconductors/materials with staggered energy band positions to create a stepwise or directional charge transferal mechanism. This stepwise potential gradient is responsible for more enhanced charge separation, light absorption, redox ability, stability, and overall photocatalytic activity. This article provides an in-depth overview of the principles governing tandem S-scheme heterojunctions, discussing the design of tandem S-scheme heterojunctions through semiconductor pairing, co-catalyst addition, and mediator inclusion for maximum charge mobility and minimum recombination. The various synthesis pathways are explored along with the kinetics and thermodynamics of tandem S-scheme heterojunction. A range of advanced characterization tools, including density functional theory (DFT) simulations, in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS), photoluminescence (PL), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies are discussed, which together offer valuable insight into electronic behaviours and interfacial dynamics. Applications of these heterojunctions are discussed across major domains such as carbon dioxide reduction, H₂ evolution, and degradation of organic pollutants. While the potential is clear, challenges such as complex synthesis procedures, material stability, and scalability still need to be addressed. To overcome the limitations, the article suggests future research paths. Overall, tandem S-scheme heterojunctions stand out as an excellent approach for building efficient and sustainable photocatalytic technologies.
- Tandem S-scheme heterojunction,
- CO₂ reduction,
- Energy production,
- Water splitting,
- DFT
1. [1]
  X. Chen, J. Zhao, G. Li, D. Zhang, H. Li, Energy mater. 2 (2022) 200001, http://dx. doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2021.24. doi: 10.20517/energymater.2021.24
2. [2]
  H. Wang, X. Li, X. Zhao, C. Li, X. Song, P. Zhang, P. Huo, Chin. J. Catal. 43 (2022) 178, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63910-4. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63910-4
3. [3]
  J. Li, M. Du, Z. Wu, X. Zhang, W. Xue, H. Huang, C. Zhong, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 63 (2024) e202407975, https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202407975. doi: 10.1002/anie.202407975
4. [4]
  T.F. Qahtan, T.O. Owolabi, O.E. Olubi, A. Hazam, Coord. Chem. Rev. 514 (2024) 215839, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2024.215839. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2024.215839
5. [5]
  B. Das, B. Das, N.S. Das, S. Pal, B.K. Das, S. Sarkar, K.K. Chattopadhyay, Appl. Surf. Sci. 515 (2020) 145958, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.145958. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.145958
6. [6]
  M. Li, K. Liang, X. Wei, Y. Zhang, H. Chen, Y. Yang, J. Liu, Y. Tian, Z. Li, L. Duan, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 81 (2024) 447, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.07.080. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.07.080
7. [7]
  J. Low, C. Jiang, B. Cheng, S. Wageh, A.A. Al‐Ghamdi, J. Yu, Small methods 1 (2017) 1700080, https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201700080. doi: 10.1002/smtd.201700080
8. [8]
  H. He, Z. Wang, J. Zhang, S. Mamatkulov, O. Ruzimuradov, K. Dai, J. Low, Y. Li, Energy Environ. Sci. 18 (2025) 6191, https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EE01295C. doi: 10.1039/D5EE01295C
9. [9]
  W. Lu, T. Ding, N. Lu, J. Zhang, K. Yun, P. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Appl. Surf. Sci. 592 (2022) 153348, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.153348. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.153348
10. [10]
  X. Wu, R. Zhong, X. Lv, Z. Hu, D. Xia, C. Li, B. Song, S. Liu, Appl. Catal. B Environ. 330 (2023) 122666, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2023.122666. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2023.122666
11. [11]
  H. Jiang, M. Xu, X. Zhao, H. Wang, Q. Liu, Z. Liu, Q. Liu, G. Yang, P. Huo, Inorg. Chem. 61 (2022) 11207, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01216. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01216
12. [12]
  H. Jiang, J. Xu, L. Sun, J. Li, L. Wang, W. Wang, Q. Liu, J. Yang, Inorg. Chem. 63 (2024) 14746, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02428. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02428
13. [13]
  D. Zu, H. Wei, Z. Lin, X. Bai, M.N.A.S. Ivan, Y.H. Tsang, H. Huang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 34 (2024) 2408213, https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202408213. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202408213
14. [14]
  S. Li, C. You, K. Rong, C. Zhuang, X. Chen, B. Zhang, Adv. Powder Mater. 3 (2024) 100183, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmate.2024.100183. doi: 10.1016/j.apmate.2024.100183
15. [15]
  C. Wang, C. You, K. Rong, C. Shen, F. Yang, S. Li, Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin. 40 (2024) 2307045, https://doi.org/10.3866/PKU.WHXB202307045. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202307045
16. [16]
  R. Kumar, A. Sudhaik, A.A.P. Khan, P. Raizada, A.M. Asiri, S. Mohapatra, S. Thakur, V.K. Thakur, P. Singh, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 106 (2022) 340, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2021.11.008. doi: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.11.008
17. [17]
  M. Cai, Y. Liu, K. Dong, X. Chen, S. Li, Chin. J. Catal. 52 (2023) 239, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(23)64496-1. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(23)64496-1
18. [18]
  S. Li, K. Dong, M. Cai, X. Li, X. Chen, EScience 4 (2024) 100208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esci.2023.100208. doi: 10.1016/j.esci.2023.100208
19. [19]
  J. Li, P. Tu, Q. Yang, Y. Cui, C. Gao, H. Zhou, J. Lu, H. Bian, Sci. Rep. 14 (2024) 10643, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-60250-z. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-60250-z
20. [20]
  X. Li, H. Sun, Y. Xie, Y. Liang, X. Gong, P. Qin, L. Jiang, J. Guo, C. Liu, Z. Wu, Coord. Chem. Rev. 467 (2022) 214596, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214596. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214596
21. [21]
  Y. Li, J. Wang, Mater. Adv. 5 (2024) 749, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3MA00915G. doi: 10.1039/D3MA00915G
22. [22]
  V. -H. Nguyen, P. Singh, A. Sudhaik, P. Raizada, Q. Van Le, E. T. Helmy, Mater. Lett. 313 (2022) 131781, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2022.131781. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2022.131781
23. [23]
  H. Rongan, L. Haijuan, L. Huimin, X. Difa, Z. Liuyang, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 52 (2020) 145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2020.03.027. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2020.03.027
24. [24]
  C. Wang, Y. Zhao, C. Cheng, Q. Li, C. Guo, Y. Hu, Coord. Chem. Rev. 521 (2024) 216177, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216177. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216177
25. [25]
  X. Kong, K. Wang, Z. Jin, Sol. RRL 8 (2024) 2400222, https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202400222. doi: 10.1002/solr.202400222
26. [26]
  Z. Dong, Z. Zhang, T. Wang, D. Zeng, Z. Cheng, Y. Wang, X. Cao, Y. Wang, Y. Liu, X. Fan, Sep. Purif. Technol. 286 (2022) 120418, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120418. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120418
27. [27]
  W.A. Mohamed, A. Alhodaib, H.A. Mousa, H.T. Handal, H.R. Galal, H.H. Abd El-Gawad, B.A. Elsayed, A.A. Labib, M.S. Abdel-Mottaleb, Nanotechnol. Rev. 14 (2025) 20250159, https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2025-0159. doi: 10.1515/ntrev-2025-0159
28. [28]
  C. Chang, H. Lu, Y. Liu, G. Long, X. Guo, X. Ji, Z. Jin, J. Mater. Chem. A 12 (2024) 4204, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TA06906K. doi: 10.1039/D3TA06906K
29. [29]
  Z. Jin, T. Li, L. Zhang, X. Wang, G. Wang, X. Hao, J. Mater. Chem. A 10 (2022) 1976, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA09347A. doi: 10.1039/D1TA09347A
30. [30]
  F. Mei, K. Dai, J. Zhang, W. Li, C. Liang, Appl. Surf. Sci. 488 (2019) 151, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.05.257. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.05.257
31. [31]
  J. Wang, Q. Zhang, F. Deng, X. Luo, D. D. Dionysiou, Chem. Eng. J. 379 (2020) 122264, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.122264. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.122264
32. [32]
  X. Zou, C. Yuan, Y. Cui, Y. Dong, D. Chen, H. Ge, J. Ke, Sep. Purif. Technol. 266 (2021) 118545, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118545. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118545
33. [33]
  Y. Yuan, R. -T. Guo, L. -F. Hong, Z. -D. Lin, X. -Y. Ji, W. -G. Pan, Chemosphere 287 (2022) 132241, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132241. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132241
34. [34]
  H. Wang, Q. Liu, M. Xu, C. Yan, X. Song, X. Liu, H. Wang, W. Zhou, P. Huo, Appl. Surf. Sci. 640 (2023) 158420, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.158420. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.158420
35. [35]
  F. Yi, Y. Liu, Y. Chen, J. Zhu, Q. He, C. Yang, D. Ma, J. Liu, Chin. Chem. Lett. 36 (2025) 110544, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110544. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110544
36. [36]
  J. Ye, Y. Wan, Y. Li, S. Xu, X. Li, Q. Chen, X. Li, Appl. Surf. Sci. 684 (2025) 161862, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161862. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161862
37. [37]
  C. You, X. Zhang, Y. Zhao, R. Yan, Y. Shen, Q. Xue, W. Li, T. Liu, J. Jiang, X. Chen, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 242 (2026) 64-74, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.05.002. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.05.002
38. [38]
  Q. Xu, L. Zhang, B. Cheng, J. Fan, J. Yu, Chem, 6 (2020) 1543, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2020.06.010. doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.06.010
39. [39]
  C. Nie, X. Wang, P. Lu, Y. Zhu, X. Li, H. Tang, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 169 (2024) 182, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2023.06.011. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.06.011
40. [40]
  Y. Bian, H. He, G. Dawson, J. Zhang, K. Dai, Sci. China Mater. 67 (2024) 514, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-023-2725-y. doi: 10.1007/s40843-023-2725-y
41. [41]
  M. Sayed, K. Qi, X. Wu, L. Zhang, H. García, J. Yu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 54 (2025) 4874, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4CS01091D. doi: 10.1039/D4CS01091D
42. [42]
  C. You, C. Wang, M. Cai, Y. Liu, B. Zhu, S. Li, Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin. 40 (2024) 2407014, https://doi.org/10.3866/PKU.WHXB202407014. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202407014
43. [43]
  J. Fu, Q. Xu, J. Low, C. Jiang, J. Yu, Appl. Catal. B Environ. 243 (2019) 556, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.11.011. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.11.011
44. [44]
  S. Li, C. Wang, K. Dong, P. Zhang, X. Chen, X. Li, Chin. J Catal. 51 (2023) 101, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(23)64479-1. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(23)64479-1
45. [45]
  J. Li, S. Yan, J. Wu, Q. Cheng, K. Wang, Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin. 41 (2025) 100104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100104. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100104
46. [46]
  H. He, Z. Wang, J. Zhang, C. Shao, K. Dai, K. Fan, Adv. Funct. Mater. 34 (2024) 2315426, https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202315426. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202315426
47. [47]
  M. Dai, Z. He, P. Zhang, X. Li, S. Wang, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 122 (2022) 231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2022.02.014. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2022.02.014
48. [48]
  B. Sun, W. Zhou, H. Li, L. Ren, P. Qiao, W. Li, H. Fu, Adv. Mater. 30 (2018) 1804282, https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201804282. doi: 10.1002/adma.201804282
49. [49]
  Z. Li, D. Yang, W. Zhou, Handbook of Green and Sustainable Nanotechnology. Springer, Cham (2023) 2181, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16101-8_53. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-16101-8_53
50. [50]
  S. Li, R. Yan, M. Cai, W. Jiang, M. Zhang, X. Li, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 164 (2023) 59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2023.05.009. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.05.009
51. [51]
  S. Li, K. Rong, X. Wang, C. Shen, F. Yang, Q. Zhang, Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin. 40 (2024) 2403005, https://doi.org/10.3866/PKU.WHXB202403005. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202403005
52. [52]
  C. Wang, K. Rong, Y. Liu, F. Yang, S. Li, Sci. China. Mater. 67 (2024) 562, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-023-2764-8. doi: 10.1007/s40843-023-2764-8
53. [53]
  X. Ruan, C. Huang, H. Cheng, Z. Zhang, Y. Cui, Z. Li, T. Xie, K. Ba, H. Zhang, L. Zhang, Adv. Mater. 35 (2023) 2209141, https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202209141. doi: 10.1002/adma.202209141
54. [54]
  Y. Xiao, Z. Wang, M. Li, Q. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Wang, Small 20 (2024) 2306692, https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202306692. doi: 10.1002/smll.202306692
55. [55]
  H. Han, M. R. Khan, I. Ahmad, A. Al-Qattan, I. Ali, M. R. Karim, H. Bayahia, F. S. Khan, Z. Ahmad, S. Ullah, J. Water Process. Eng. 61 (2024) 105346, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.105346. doi: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.105346
56. [56]
  D. A. Sabit, S. E. Ebrahim, Mater. Sci. Semicond. Proc. 163 (2023) 107559, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2023.107559. doi: 10.1016/j.mssp.2023.107559
57. [57]
  A. Wang, W. Wang, J. Ni, D. Liu, D. Liu, J. Ma, X. Jia, Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 328 (2023) 122492, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2023.122492. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2023.122492
58. [58]
  J. Wang, Z. Wang, K. Dai, J. Zhang, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 165 (2023) 187, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2023.03.067. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.03.067
59. [59]
  Y. Liu, C. Chen, G. Dawson, J. Zhang, C. Shao, K. Dai, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 233 (2025) 10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.094. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.094
60. [60]
  Q. Wang, G. Wang, J. Wang, J. Li, K. Wang, S. Zhou, Y. Su, Adv. Sustain. Syst. 7 (2023) 2200027, https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202200027. doi: 10.1002/adsu.202200027
61. [61]
  J. Ding, C. Li, H. Yin, Y. Zhou, S. Wang, K. Liu, M. a. Li, J. Wang, Environ. Pollut. 327 (2023) 121550, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121550. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121550
62. [62]
  Y. Wang, H. Wang, X. Li, L. Gao, Y. Li, J. Huo, W. Kang, C. Zou, L. Jia, Appl. Surf. Sci. 616 (2023) 156501, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.156501. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.156501
63. [63]
  Z. Chen, T. Ma, Z. Li, W. Zhu, L. Li, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 179 (2024) 198, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2023.07.029. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.07.029
64. [64]
  Z. Mei, G. Wang, S. Yan, J. Wang, Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin, 37 (2021) 2009097, http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/PKU.WHXB202009097. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202009097
65. [65]
  S. Yuan, X. Liang, Y. Zheng, Y. Chu, X. Ren, Z. Zeng, G. Nan, Y. Wu, Y. He, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 670 (2024) 373, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.120. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.120
66. [66]
  X. Li, B. Kang, F. Dong, Z. Zhang, X. Luo, L. Han, J. Huang, Z. Feng, Z. Chen, J. Xu, Nano Energy 81 (2021) 105671, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105671. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105671
67. [67]
  Y. Sun, R. Xiong, X. Ke, J. Liao, Y. Xiao, B. Cheng, S. Lei, Sep. Purif. Technol. 345 (2024) 127253, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.127253. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.127253
68. [68]
  D. Dastan, Appl. Phys. A 123 (2017) 1, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-017-1309-3. doi: 10.1007/s00339-017-1309-3
69. [69]
  Y. Fu, Y. Xu, Y. Mao, M. Tan, Q. He, H. Mao, H. Du, D. Hao, Q. Wang, Sep. Purif. Technol. 317 (2023) 123922, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123922. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123922
70. [70]
  S. Wang, X. Du, C. Yao, Y. Cai, H. Ma, B. Jiang, J. Ma, Nano Res. 16 (2023) 2152, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4960-8. doi: 10.1007/s12274-022-4960-8
71. [71]
  S. A. Ali, S. Majumdar, P. K. Chowdhury, S. M. Alshehri, T. Ahmad, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 7 (2024) 7325, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01477. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.4c01477
72. [72]
  Y. Zhang, C. Liang, K. Zhang, Y. Zeng, Y. Zhou, X. Zhang, L. Yin, J. Crittenden, J. Niu, Sep. Purif. Technol. 348 (2024) 127686, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.127686. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.127686
73. [73]
  Z. Jin, T. Wang, E. Cui, X. Yang, Chem. Eng. J. 477 (2023) 147210, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.147210. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.147210
74. [74]
  H. Huang, H.-L. Wang, W.-F. Jiang, Chemosphere, 318 (2023) 137812, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137812. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137812
75. [75]
  C. -H. Lu, C. -H. Yeh, Ceram. Int. 26 (2000) 351, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-8842(99)00063-2. doi: 10.1016/S0272-8842(99)00063-2
76. [76]
  H. Lv, X. Zhao, H. Niu, S. He, Z. Tang, F. Wu, J.P. Giesy, J. Hazard. Mater., 369 (2019) 494, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.046. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.046
77. [77]
  J. Qin, M. Zhao, Y. Zhang, J. Shen, X. Wang, Sep. Purif. Technol. 353 (2025) 128622, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.128622. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.128622
78. [78]
  K. Dou, C. Peng, R. Wang, H. Cao, C. Yao, J. Qiu, J. Liu, N. Tsidaeva, W. Wang, Chem. Eng. J. 455 (2023) 140813, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.140813. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.140813
79. [79]
  Y. Y. Gurkan, E. Kasapbasi, Z. Cinar, Chem. Eng. J. 214 (2013) 34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.10.025. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2012.10.025
80. [80]
  Y. Wang, G. Tan, T. Liu, Y. Su, H. Ren, X. Zhang, A. Xia, L. Lv, Y. Liu, Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 234 (2018) 37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.04.026. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.04.026
81. [81]
  Y. Zhang, J. Qiu, B. Zhu, M. Fedin, B. Cheng, J. Yu, L. Zhang, Chem. Eng. J. 444 (2022) 136584, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.136584. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.136584
82. [82]
  J. Liu, J. Wan, L. Liu, W. Yang, J. Low, X. Gao, F. Fu, Chem. Eng. J. 430 (2022) 133125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.133125. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.133125
83. [83]
  C. -C. Tang, Y. -F. Fang, X. -Q. Cao, H. -L. Tian, Y. -P. Huang, Res. Chem. Intermed. 46 (2020) 509, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-019-03963-5. doi: 10.1007/s11164-019-03963-5
84. [84]
  C. Du, S. He, Y. Xing, Q. Zhao, C. Yu, X. Su, J. Feng, J. Sun, S. Dong, Mater. Today Phys. 27 (2022) 100827, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtphys.2022.100827. doi: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2022.100827
85. [85]
  Y. Wang, X. Zhang, Y. Liu, Y. Zhao, C. Xie, Y. Song, P. Yang, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 44 (2019) 30151, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.09.181. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.09.181
86. [86]
  R. Tsuruta, Y. Mizuno, T. Hosokai, T. Koganezawa, H. Ishii, Y. Nakayama, J. Cryst. Growth 468 (2017) 770, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2016.10.031. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2016.10.031
87. [87]
  J. Choi, W. Jung, S. Gonzalez-Carrero, J. R. Durrant, H. Cha, T. Park, Energy Environ. Sci. 17 (2024) 7999, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EE01808G. doi: 10.1039/D4EE01808G
88. [88]
  X. Li, J. Zhang, Z. Wang, J. Fu, S. Li, K. Dai, M. Liu, Chem. Eur. J. 29 (2023) e202202669, https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202202669. doi: 10.1002/chem.202202669
89. [89]
  F. Zhang, Y. Li, B. Ding, G. Shao, N. Li, P. Zhang, Small 19 (2023) 2303867, https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202303867. doi: 10.1002/smll.202303867
90. [90]
  Y. Shao, X. Hao, W. Deng, Z. Jin, Mater. Today Chem. 38 (2024) 102075, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2024.102075. doi: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2024.102075
91. [91]
  L. Wang, B. Cheng, L. Zhang, J. Yu, Small 17 (2021) 2103447, https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202103447. doi: 10.1002/smll.202103447
92. [92]
  T. Wang, Z. Jin, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 155 (2023) 132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2023.03.002. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.03.002
93. [93]
  F. A. Qaraah, S. A. Mahyoub, A. Hezam, A. Qaraah, F. Xin, G. Xiu, Appl. Catal. B Environ. 315 (2022) 121585, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.121585. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.121585
94. [94]
  M. Wei, X. Zhou, C. Cheng, J. Zhang, C. Jiang, B. Cheng, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 232 (2025) 302, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.036. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.036
95. [95]
  M. Li, Y. Liu, S. Yang, Y. Zhang, L. Wei, B. Zhu, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 224 (2025) 245, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.001. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.001
96. [96]
  R. Chen, L. Li, Y. Gong, H. Lou, Y. Pang, D. Yang, X. Qiu, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 202 (2024) 67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.02.080. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.02.080
97. [97]
  L. Cui, X. Ding, Y. Wang, H. Shi, L. Huang, Y. Zuo, S. Kang, Appl. Surf. Sci. 391 (2017) 202, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.07.055. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.07.055
98. [98]
  Y. Wang, R. Shi, J. Lin, Y. Zhu, Energy Environ. Sci. 4 (2011) 2922, https://doi.org/10.1039/C0EE00825G. doi: 10.1039/C0EE00825G
99. [99]
  R. Banyal, P. Raizada, T. Ahamad, S. Kaya, M. M. Maslov, V. Chaudhary, C. M. Hussain, P. Singh, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 195 (2024) 112132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2024.112132. doi: 10.1016/j.jpcs.2024.112132
100. [100]
  C. Liu, S. Mao, H. Wang, Y. Wu, F. Wang, M. Xia, Q. Chen, Chem. Eng. J. 430 (2022) 132806, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.132806. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.132806
101. [101]
  K. Liu, J. Zhang, J. Ma, R. Sun, Green Chem. 26 (2024) 2893, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC03990K. doi: 10.1039/D3GC03990K
102. [102]
  F. Zhao, I. Ahmad, H. Bayahia, S. AlFaify, K. M. Alanezi, M. Q. Alfaifi, M. D. Ali, Y. Y. Ghadi, I. Ali, T. L. Tamang, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 80 (2024) 659, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.07.156. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.07.156
103. [103]
  L. Wang, B. Zhu, J. Zhang, J. B. Ghasemi, M. Mousavi, J. Yu, Matter 5 (2022) 4187, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2022.09.009. doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2022.09.009
104. [104]
  X. Yue, L. Cheng, J. Fan, Q. Xiang, Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 304 (2022) 120979, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.120979. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.120979
105. [105]
  W. Zhou, H. Fu, Inorg. Chem. Front. 5 (2018) 1240, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8QI00122G. doi: 10.1039/C8QI00122G
106. [106]
  D. Shi, J. Jiang, D. Wang, M. Huo, S. Dong, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 12 (2024) 112982, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2024.112982. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2024.112982
107. [107]
  N. Fang, Y. Ding, C. Liu, Z. Chen, Appl. Surf. Sci. 452 (2018) 49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.04.273. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.04.273
108. [108]
  H. Yu, L. Xu, P. Wang, X. Wang, J. Yu, Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 144 (2014) 75, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.06.023. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.06.023
109. [109]
  T. Liu, L. Bai, N. Tian, J. Liu, Y. Zhang, H. Huang, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 48 (2023) 12257, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.12.121. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.12.121
110. [110]
  K. A. Stewart, B. -S. Yeh, J. F. Wager, J. Non-Cryst. Solids. 432 (2016) 196, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2015.10.005. doi: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2015.10.005
111. [111]
  L. Xie, T. Du, J. Wang, Y. Ma, Y. Ni, Z. Liu, L. Zhang, C. Yang, J. Wang, Chem. Eng. J. 426 (2021) 130617, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.130617. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.130617
112. [112]
  F. He, B. Zhu, B. Cheng, J. Yu, W. Ho, W. Macyk, Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 272 (2020) 119006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119006. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119006
113. [113]
  S. Zhang, Y. Si, B. Li, L. Yang, W. Dai, S. Luo, Small 17 (2021) 2004980, https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202004980. doi: 10.1002/smll.202004980
114. [114]
  Y. Chen, Y. Cheng, J. Zhao, W. Zhang, J. Gao, H. Miao, X. Hu, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 627 (2022) 1047, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.117. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.117
115. [115]
  M. Yang, Y. Wu, Y. Zhang, X. Li, Z. Jin, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 11 (2023) 110795, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2023.110795. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2023.110795
116. [116]
  M. A. Nazir, T. Najam, M. Altaf, K. Ahmad, I. Hossain, M. A. Assiri, M. S. Javed, A. ur Rehman, S. S. A. Shah, J. Alloys Compd. 990 (2024) 174378, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.174378. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.174378
117. [117]
  B. Han, Y. H. Hu, Energy Sci. Eng. 4 (2016) 285, https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.128. doi: 10.1002/ese3.128
118. [118]
  C. Zuo, Q. Su, X. Yan, Processes 11 (2023) 867, https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11030867. doi: 10.3390/pr11030867
119. [119]
  K. Dong, C. Shen, R. Yan, Y. Liu, C. Zhuang, S. Li, Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 40 (2024) 2310013, https://doi.org/10.3866/PKU.WHXB202310013. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202310013
120. [120]
  Y. Zhang, M. Gao, S. Chen, H. Wang, P. Huo, Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 39 (2023) 2211051, https://doi.org/10.3866/PKU.WHXB202211051. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202211051
121. [121]
  V. Dutta, A. Sudhaik, P. Raizada, A. Singh, T. Ahamad, S. Thakur, Q. Van Le, V. -H. Nguyen, P. Singh, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 162 (2023) 11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2023.03.037. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.03.037
122. [122]
  H. Peng, Z. Xing, W. Kong, C. Wu, B. Fang, Y. Cui, Z. Li, H. Liu, W. Zhou, Fuel 346 (2023) 128368, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128368. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128368
123. [123]
  A. Kumar, Y. Singla, M. Sharma, A. Bhardwaj, V. Krishnan, Chemosphere 308 (2022) 136212, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136212. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136212
124. [124]
  H. Lv, C. Zhou, Q. Shen, Y. Kong, B. Wan, Z. Suo, G. Wang, G. Wang, Y. Liu, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 677 (2025) 365, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.072. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.072
125. [125]
  Z. Xu, W. Shi, Y. Shi, H. Sun, L. Li, F. Guo, H. Wen, Appl. Surf. Sci. 595 (2022) 153482, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.153482. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.153482
126. [126]
  H. Dou, Y. Qin, F. Pan, D. Long, X. Rao, G. Q. Xu, Y. Zhang, Catal. Sci. Technol. 9 (2019) 4898, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9CY01086F. doi: 10.1039/C9CY01086F
127. [127]
  Z. Li, H. Li, S. Wang, F. Yang, W. Zhou, Chem. Eng. J. 427 (2022) 131830, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.131830. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.131830
128. [128]
  R. Liang, Z. He, Y. Lu, G. Yan, L. Wu, Sep. Purif. Technol. 277 (2021) 119442, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119442. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119442
129. [129]
  Z. Wang, X. Yue, Q. Xiang, Coord. Chem. Rev. 504 (2024) 215674, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2024.215674. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2024.215674
130. [130]
  P. Li, Y. Cui, Z. Wang, G. Dawson, C. Shao, K. Dai, Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 41 (2025) 100065, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100065. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100065
131. [131]
  J. Qin, Y. An, Y. Zhang, Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 40 (2024) 2408002, https://doi.org/10.3866/PKU.WHXB202408002 doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202408002
132. [132]
  Y. An, W. Liu, Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, Z. Lu, Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 40 (2024) 2407021, https://doi.org/10.3866/PKU.WHXB202407021. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202407021
133. [133]
  J. Lei, Z. Wang, J. Huo, S. Sang, C. Zhang, E. Zhu, T. Kong, F. Karadas, J. Low, Y. Xiong, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 64 (2025) e202422667, https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202422667. doi: 10.1002/anie.202422667
134. [134]
  D. -D. Hu, R. -T. Guo, C. -F. Li, J. -S. Yan, W. -G. Pan, Sep. Purif. Technol. 353 (2025) 128473, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.128473. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.128473
135. [135]
  H. Zhang, C. Shao, Z. Wang, J. Zhang, K. Dai, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 195 (2024) 146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2023.11.081. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.11.081
136. [136]
  A. H. Raza, S. Farhan, Z. Yu, Y. Wu, Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 40 (2024) 2406020, https://doi.org/10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406020. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406020
137. [137]
  Q. Zhang, Z. Wang, Y. Song, J. Fan, T. Sun, E. Liu, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 169 (2024) 148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2023.05.066. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.05.066
138. [138]
  M. Li, J. -Z. Wang, Z. -L. Jin, Rare Metals 43 (2024) 1999, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-023-02539-y. doi: 10.1007/s12598-023-02539-y
139. [139]
  N. M. Gupta, Renew. Sust. Energy Rev. 71 (2017) 585, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.12.086. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.12.086
140. [140]
  F. He, A. Meng, B. Cheng, W. Ho, J. Yu, Chin. J. Catal. 41 (2020) 9, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(19)63382-6. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(19)63382-6
141. [141]
  J. Xiao, Y. Xie, H. Cao, Chemosphere 121 (2015) 1, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.072. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.072
142. [142]
  M. Zhang, T. Wang, C. Bian, N. Yang, H. Qi, Sep. Purif. Techol. 306 (2023) 122736, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122736. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122736
143. [143]
  J. Wu, Q. Xie, C. Zhang, H. Shi, Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 41 (2025) 100050, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100050. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100050
144. [144]
  W. Kong, Z. Xing, H. Zhang, B. Fang, Y. Cui, Z. Li, P. Chen, W. Zhou, J. Mater. Chem. C 10 (2022) 18164, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TC03943E. doi: 10.1039/D2TC03943E
145. [145]
  Y. Kumar, K. Sharma, A. Sudhaik, P. Raizada, S. Thakur, V.-H. Nguyen, Q. Van Le, T. Ahamad, S. M. Alshehri, P. Singh, Appl. Nanosci. 13 (2023) 4129, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-022-02743-9. doi: 10.1007/s13204-022-02743-9
1. [1]
  Hualin Jiang , Wenxi Ye , Huitao Zhen , Xubiao Luo , Vyacheslav Fominski , Long Ye , Pinghua Chen . Novel 3D-on-2D g-C₃N₄/AgI._x._y heterojunction photocatalyst for simultaneous and stoichiometric production of H₂ and H₂O₂ from water splitting under visible light. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 109984-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109984
2. [2]
  Hongye Bai , Lihao Yu , Jinfu Xu , Xuliang Pang , Yajie Bai , Jianguo Cui , Weiqiang Fan . Controllable Decoration of Ni-MOF on TiO2: Understanding the Role of Coordination State on Photoelectrochemical Performance. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2023, 42(10): 100096-100096. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100096
3. [3]
  Zhengyu Zhou , Huiqin Yao , Youlin Wu , Teng Li , Noritatsu Tsubaki , Zhiliang Jin . Synergistic Effect of Cu-Graphdiyne/Transition Bimetallic Tungstate Formed S-Scheme Heterojunction for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2312010-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202312010
4. [4]
  Tsegaye Tadesse Tsega , Jiantao Zai , Chin Wei Lai , Xin-Hao Li , Xuefeng Qian . Earth-abundant CuFeS2 nanocrystals@graphite felt electrode for high performance aqueous polysulfide/iodide redox flow batteries. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(1): 100192-100192. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100192
5. [5]
  Xiaofan ZHANG , Yu DUAN , Meijie SHI , Nan LU , Renhong LI , Xiaoqing YAN . Z-scheme Co₃O₄/BiOBr heterojunction for efficient photoreduction CO₂ reduction. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(9): 1878-1888. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250079
6. [6]
  Tianli Hui , Tao Zheng , Xiaoluo Cheng , Tonghui Li , Rui Zhang , Xianghai Meng , Haiyan Liu , Zhichang Liu , Chunming Xu . A review of plasma treatment on nano-microstructure of electrochemical water splitting catalysts. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2025, 44(3): 100520-100520. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100520
7. [7]
  Chunyan Yang , Qiuyu Rong , Fengyin Shi , Menghan Cao , Guie Li , Yanjun Xin , Wen Zhang , Guangshan Zhang . Rationally designed S-scheme heterojunction of BiOCl/g-C₃N₄ for photodegradation of sulfamerazine: Mechanism insights, degradation pathways and DFT calculation. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 109767-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109767
8. [8]
  Chunru Liu , Ligang Feng . Advances in anode catalysts of methanol-assisted water-splitting reactions for hydrogen generation. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2023, 42(10): 100136-100136. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100136
9. [9]
  Xinxin Zhang , Zhijian Liang , Xu Zhang , Qian Guo , Ying Xie , Lei Wang , Honggang Fu . Electronic modulation of VN on Co_5.47N as tri-functional electrocatalyst for constructing zinc-air battery to drive water splitting. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(5): 109935-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109935
10. [10]
  Entian Cui , Yulian Lu , Zhaoxia Li , Zhilei Chen , Chengyan Ge , Jizhou Jiang . Interfacial B-O bonding modulated S-scheme B-doped N-deficient C₃N₄/O-doped-C₃N₅ for efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 110288-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110288
11. [11]
  Kai Han , Guohui Dong , Ishaaq Saeed , Tingting Dong , Chenyang Xiao . Boosting bulk charge transport of CuWO4 photoanodes via Cs doping for solar water oxidation. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(2): 100207-100207. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100207
12. [12]
  Ziruo Zhou , Wenyu Guo , Tingyu Yang , Dandan Zheng , Yuanxing Fang , Xiahui Lin , Yidong Hou , Guigang Zhang , Sibo Wang . Defect and nanostructure engineering of polymeric carbon nitride for visible-light-driven CO2 reduction. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(3): 100245-100245. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100245
13. [13]
  Sanmei Wang , Dengxin Yan , Wenhua Zhang , Liangbing Wang . Graphene-supported isolated platinum atoms and platinum dimers for CO₂ hydrogenation: Catalytic activity and selectivity variations. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 110611-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110611
14. [14]
  Zekun Zhang , Shiji Li , Qian Zhang , Shanshan Li , Liu Yang , Wei Yan , Hao Xu . Further study of CO₂ electrochemical reduction to gas products on Cu: Influence of the electrolyte. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(9): 110742-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110742
15. [15]
  Wenhao Chen , Jian Du , Hanbin Zhang , Hancheng Wang , Kaicheng Xu , Zhujun Gao , Jiaming Tong , Jin Wang , Junjun Xue , Ting Zhi , Longlu Wang . Surface treatment of GaN nanowires for enhanced photoelectrochemical water-splitting. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109168-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109168
16. [16]
  Liwei Hou , Xianyun Peng , Siliu Lyu , Zhongjian Li , Bin Yang , Qinghua Zhang , Qinggang He , Lecheng Lei , Yang Hou . Advancements in MXene-based nanohybrids for electrochemical water splitting. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(6): 110392-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110392
17. [17]
  Chaozheng He , Jia Wang , Ling Fu , Wei Wei . Nitric oxide assists nitrogen reduction reaction on 2D MBene: A theoretical study. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 109037-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109037
18. [18]
  Sanmei Wang , Yong Zhou , Hengxin Fang , Chunyang Nie , Chang Q Sun , Biao Wang . Constant-potential simulation of electrocatalytic N₂ reduction over atomic metal-N-graphene catalysts. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(3): 110476-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110476
19. [19]
  Wenzheng Chen , Weiyun Chen , Bin Chen , Mingbao Feng . Deciphering the electron-shuttling role of iron(Ⅲ) porphyrin in modulating the reductive UV/S(Ⅳ) system into the oxidative strategy for micropollutant abatement. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(10): 110743-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110743
20. [20]
  Lina Wang , Hairu Wang , Qian Bu , Qiong Mei , Junbo Zhong , Bo Bai , Qizhao Wang . Al-O bridged NiFeO_x/BiVO₄ photoanode for exceptional photoelectrochemical water splitting. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 110139-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110139

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(18)
HTML views(2)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142