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2024 Volume 39 Issue 6
2024, 39(6): 1-6
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202404018
Abstract:
The cultivation of outstanding innovative talents in fundamental disciplines is a crucial task for universities in talent development. The chemistry program at Peking University (PKU) is committed to educating future leaders in the field of chemistry and related areas who are patriotic, science-oriented, and possess a keen sense of social responsibility, exceptional scientific and cultural literacy, as well as integrity, independent critical thinking skills, and international competitiveness. Through years of practical exploration and development, PKU graduate student cultivation in the chemistry program has been steadily forging a path with well-defined objectives, distinct characteristics, a comprehensive system of rules and regulations, and remarkable results. Simultaneously, as international competition in science, technology and talent intensifies, new urgent demands are being placed on talent cultivation in domestic chemistry discipline. To address these new challenges, Peking university’s chemistry program is also continuously exploring new initiatives, such as classified talent training, integrated bachelor-doctoral training tracks, and high-level innovative talent development initiatives.
The cultivation of outstanding innovative talents in fundamental disciplines is a crucial task for universities in talent development. The chemistry program at Peking University (PKU) is committed to educating future leaders in the field of chemistry and related areas who are patriotic, science-oriented, and possess a keen sense of social responsibility, exceptional scientific and cultural literacy, as well as integrity, independent critical thinking skills, and international competitiveness. Through years of practical exploration and development, PKU graduate student cultivation in the chemistry program has been steadily forging a path with well-defined objectives, distinct characteristics, a comprehensive system of rules and regulations, and remarkable results. Simultaneously, as international competition in science, technology and talent intensifies, new urgent demands are being placed on talent cultivation in domestic chemistry discipline. To address these new challenges, Peking university’s chemistry program is also continuously exploring new initiatives, such as classified talent training, integrated bachelor-doctoral training tracks, and high-level innovative talent development initiatives.
2024, 39(6): 7-11
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311090
Abstract:
The cultivation of high-level innovative talents in basic disciplines, particularly under the current situation, faces significant opportunities and challenges. Addressing the specific issues encountered in this context, this paper explores the intrinsic relations between ideological and political education and professional education. Drawing from the theoretical perspective in educational science, psychology, the Marxist Concept of Labor and Marxist methodology, and incorporating practical approaches from the Department of Chemistry at Tsinghua University, the paper explores ways to overcome the challenges in the cultivation of high-level innovative talents in basic disciplines, especially in chemistry, through the effective implementation of ideological and political education.
The cultivation of high-level innovative talents in basic disciplines, particularly under the current situation, faces significant opportunities and challenges. Addressing the specific issues encountered in this context, this paper explores the intrinsic relations between ideological and political education and professional education. Drawing from the theoretical perspective in educational science, psychology, the Marxist Concept of Labor and Marxist methodology, and incorporating practical approaches from the Department of Chemistry at Tsinghua University, the paper explores ways to overcome the challenges in the cultivation of high-level innovative talents in basic disciplines, especially in chemistry, through the effective implementation of ideological and political education.
2024, 39(6): 12-16
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311089
Abstract:
With the advancement of multi-discipline studies, how to promote interdisciplinary research and to train graduate students with motivation and ability to perform chemistry-related interdisciplinary studies has become a topic of great interest for universities with chemistry departments. Based on the experiences of developing the interdisciplinary research field of chemical biology at Nanjing University, this article demonstrates a practical way to promote chemistry-related interdisciplinary research and graduate student training through the construction of well-organized platforms such as the Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) at Nanjing University.
With the advancement of multi-discipline studies, how to promote interdisciplinary research and to train graduate students with motivation and ability to perform chemistry-related interdisciplinary studies has become a topic of great interest for universities with chemistry departments. Based on the experiences of developing the interdisciplinary research field of chemical biology at Nanjing University, this article demonstrates a practical way to promote chemistry-related interdisciplinary research and graduate student training through the construction of well-organized platforms such as the Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) at Nanjing University.
2024, 39(6): 17-22
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202403047
Abstract:
The graduate education in chemistry is tasked with the critical responsibility of cultivating talented chemists for the nation. In recent years, the chemistry discipline of Jilin University has been refining its postgraduate cultivation mode to promote the cultivation of talented chemists with steadfast ideals and beliefs, profound academic background, a strong innovative spirit, excellent practical abilities and international competitiveness. This paper introduces the exploration and efforts of the College of Chemistry at Jilin University in postgraduate training, which includes deepening curriculum reform, establishing high-quality innovation platform, utilizing competition to boost learning, and strengthening comprehensive education that integrates moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic development.
The graduate education in chemistry is tasked with the critical responsibility of cultivating talented chemists for the nation. In recent years, the chemistry discipline of Jilin University has been refining its postgraduate cultivation mode to promote the cultivation of talented chemists with steadfast ideals and beliefs, profound academic background, a strong innovative spirit, excellent practical abilities and international competitiveness. This paper introduces the exploration and efforts of the College of Chemistry at Jilin University in postgraduate training, which includes deepening curriculum reform, establishing high-quality innovation platform, utilizing competition to boost learning, and strengthening comprehensive education that integrates moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic development.
2024, 39(6): 23-28
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311098
Abstract:
The capacity for scientific research and innovation in chemistry graduate students is crucial for national scientific advancement and socio-economic development. This paper examines the current state of the cultivation of scientific research innovation ability in chemistry graduate students at local universities. It discusses approaches to foster scientific research and innovation ability from two perspectives: the training management within the college and the mentorship methods of advisors, drawing on practical experience. The paper also presents preliminary successes in enhancing the research innovation abilities of graduate students, offering insights that could benefit similar programs in local universities.
The capacity for scientific research and innovation in chemistry graduate students is crucial for national scientific advancement and socio-economic development. This paper examines the current state of the cultivation of scientific research innovation ability in chemistry graduate students at local universities. It discusses approaches to foster scientific research and innovation ability from two perspectives: the training management within the college and the mentorship methods of advisors, drawing on practical experience. The paper also presents preliminary successes in enhancing the research innovation abilities of graduate students, offering insights that could benefit similar programs in local universities.
2024, 39(6): 29-36
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312032
Abstract:
Postgraduate Cultivation is tasked with the crucial mission of developing high-level talents and fostering innovation, serving as a vital pillar for national progress. The chemistry discipline of Northeast Normal University adheres to the principles of moral education, responsiveness to needs, enhancement of quality, and pursuit of excellence. It focuses on five key integrated strategies for cultivating innovative talents: refining the training program, strict control over training processes, enhancing thesis quality management, fulfilling requirements for innovative outcomes, and pioneering a holistic approach to talent development This concerted effort aims to establish a postgraduate training framework characterized by superior quality, improved efficiency, and the full realization of its strengths.
Postgraduate Cultivation is tasked with the crucial mission of developing high-level talents and fostering innovation, serving as a vital pillar for national progress. The chemistry discipline of Northeast Normal University adheres to the principles of moral education, responsiveness to needs, enhancement of quality, and pursuit of excellence. It focuses on five key integrated strategies for cultivating innovative talents: refining the training program, strict control over training processes, enhancing thesis quality management, fulfilling requirements for innovative outcomes, and pioneering a holistic approach to talent development This concerted effort aims to establish a postgraduate training framework characterized by superior quality, improved efficiency, and the full realization of its strengths.
2024, 39(6): 37-41
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401013
Abstract:
Graduate education plays an irreplaceable and pivotal role in the path to achieving socialist modernization. Focusing on the characteristics of the Chemistry major, this paper examines the current state of academic master’s education in this field including inadequate emphasis on fundamental knowledge, insufficient cultivation of scientific literacy, and a lack of career planning education among graduates. In response to these challenges, this paper proposes a series of strategies.
Graduate education plays an irreplaceable and pivotal role in the path to achieving socialist modernization. Focusing on the characteristics of the Chemistry major, this paper examines the current state of academic master’s education in this field including inadequate emphasis on fundamental knowledge, insufficient cultivation of scientific literacy, and a lack of career planning education among graduates. In response to these challenges, this paper proposes a series of strategies.
2024, 39(6): 42-49
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202402009
Abstract:
Northwest University, as a regional comprehensive university, has pioneered a distinctive “progressive” integrated training mode for innovative chemistry talents to address the key educational challenges in Western China. This model condensed the spirit of “Lights of chemistry and materials” to motivate hard work and innovation. It constructed a “three-focus” path of ideological and political education, consisting of “value leadership, cognitive development, and character molding”. It also established a “three-in-one” integrated training system, characterized by “three dimensional curriculum system-systematic professional training-open and innovative practice”. Additionally, a holistic quality assurance system involving the university, college, society, mentor, and student termed the “five-in-one” quality assurance strategy, has been implemented. This innovative model not only caters to various degree levels and disciplinary backgrounds, but also robustly supports the socio-economic advancement of Western China. This paper introduces the measures and achievements of the reform in graduate education at Northwest University in the field of chemistry.
Northwest University, as a regional comprehensive university, has pioneered a distinctive “progressive” integrated training mode for innovative chemistry talents to address the key educational challenges in Western China. This model condensed the spirit of “Lights of chemistry and materials” to motivate hard work and innovation. It constructed a “three-focus” path of ideological and political education, consisting of “value leadership, cognitive development, and character molding”. It also established a “three-in-one” integrated training system, characterized by “three dimensional curriculum system-systematic professional training-open and innovative practice”. Additionally, a holistic quality assurance system involving the university, college, society, mentor, and student termed the “five-in-one” quality assurance strategy, has been implemented. This innovative model not only caters to various degree levels and disciplinary backgrounds, but also robustly supports the socio-economic advancement of Western China. This paper introduces the measures and achievements of the reform in graduate education at Northwest University in the field of chemistry.
2024, 39(6): 50-54
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401044
Abstract:
The field of chemistry is currently experiencing rapid advancements in science and technology, swift interdisciplinary integration, and explosion of information. One of the key challenges in graduate chemical education is the development of a new curriculum system which adapts itself to these new circumstances. In this article, efforts on constructing up-to-date curriculum in the Department of Chemistry, Fudan University are introduced. The department has focused on strengthening the foundation of chemical education, enhancing laboratory safety education, and integrating coursework with research activities. Specially, it has developed four foundational courses designed to integrate knowledge with skills and foster a spirit of scientific inquiry. Additionally, a comprehensive laboratory safety course has been implemented to cultivate safety consciousness and emergency response capabilities among students. Furthermore, in the curriculum reform, by removing the course boundaries between sub-disciplines, establishing a merit-based specialized training zone, and reforming the course assessment system, the integration of coursework and scientific research is strengthened.,
The field of chemistry is currently experiencing rapid advancements in science and technology, swift interdisciplinary integration, and explosion of information. One of the key challenges in graduate chemical education is the development of a new curriculum system which adapts itself to these new circumstances. In this article, efforts on constructing up-to-date curriculum in the Department of Chemistry, Fudan University are introduced. The department has focused on strengthening the foundation of chemical education, enhancing laboratory safety education, and integrating coursework with research activities. Specially, it has developed four foundational courses designed to integrate knowledge with skills and foster a spirit of scientific inquiry. Additionally, a comprehensive laboratory safety course has been implemented to cultivate safety consciousness and emergency response capabilities among students. Furthermore, in the curriculum reform, by removing the course boundaries between sub-disciplines, establishing a merit-based specialized training zone, and reforming the course assessment system, the integration of coursework and scientific research is strengthened.,
2024, 39(6): 55-62
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310018
Abstract:
Taking Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications as an example, the innovation potential of graduate students is stimulated through the establishment of “competition-student-teaching” three-link integrated innovative practice and “motivation-problem-solution-feedback” four-element driving method. Through the reform of teaching and scientific research, as well as the cultivation of scientific research culture, the innovation and scientific research practical abilities of students are improved. This serves to elevate a standard of innovative ability training for chemistry graduate students in electronic information universities, offering a point of reference for the talent cultivation and scientific and technological innovation in electronic information universities.
Taking Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications as an example, the innovation potential of graduate students is stimulated through the establishment of “competition-student-teaching” three-link integrated innovative practice and “motivation-problem-solution-feedback” four-element driving method. Through the reform of teaching and scientific research, as well as the cultivation of scientific research culture, the innovation and scientific research practical abilities of students are improved. This serves to elevate a standard of innovative ability training for chemistry graduate students in electronic information universities, offering a point of reference for the talent cultivation and scientific and technological innovation in electronic information universities.
2024, 39(6): 63-71
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310135
Abstract:
Starting from the current status of professional English courses for graduate students majoring in materials and chemical engineering, this paper summarizes the teaching content of professional English based on various research fields and directions. It delves into constructing a multi-dimensional interactive teaching model combining ‘split classroom + flipped classroom’ methodologies, utilizing modular and progressive teaching strategies. This model aims to help students build a structured understanding of professional English knowledge, thereby fostering their enthusiasm and self-motivation in learning, and enhancing their learning efficiency. The multi-dimensional interactive teaching model enriches the learning experience by increasing the practicality and interactivity of the learning process, and extends the temporal and spatial interaction between teachers and students to its fullest potential. Utilizing the benefits of MOOCs both before and after class ensures the consolidation of learning outcomes. The paper also discusses enhancing student autonomy through various group activities, including ‘simulated academic seminars’, ‘English Pictionary’, and ‘research posters’. The findings of this study offer vital theoretical and practical insights for the reform of professional English curricula in the field.
Starting from the current status of professional English courses for graduate students majoring in materials and chemical engineering, this paper summarizes the teaching content of professional English based on various research fields and directions. It delves into constructing a multi-dimensional interactive teaching model combining ‘split classroom + flipped classroom’ methodologies, utilizing modular and progressive teaching strategies. This model aims to help students build a structured understanding of professional English knowledge, thereby fostering their enthusiasm and self-motivation in learning, and enhancing their learning efficiency. The multi-dimensional interactive teaching model enriches the learning experience by increasing the practicality and interactivity of the learning process, and extends the temporal and spatial interaction between teachers and students to its fullest potential. Utilizing the benefits of MOOCs both before and after class ensures the consolidation of learning outcomes. The paper also discusses enhancing student autonomy through various group activities, including ‘simulated academic seminars’, ‘English Pictionary’, and ‘research posters’. The findings of this study offer vital theoretical and practical insights for the reform of professional English curricula in the field.
2024, 39(6): 72-82
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311020
Abstract:
Graduate education is a pivotal element in the cultivation of elite innovative talent and is central to the strategies of national rejuvenation through scientific and educational excellence, talent empowerment, and innovation-driven development. The acceleration of constructing an ideological and political education system within graduate programs, coupled with innovative methods of integrating this education, is imperative for solidifying the ideological foundation essential for student development and for fostering high-quality, innovative scientific and technological talents. Focusing on the Applied Chemistry curriculum, this paper draws on undergraduate ideological and political educational experiences to explore various practical methodologies, aiming to provide references for building a high-caliber chemistry talent cultivation system, and to contribute to the overall development of a modernized socialist nation.
Graduate education is a pivotal element in the cultivation of elite innovative talent and is central to the strategies of national rejuvenation through scientific and educational excellence, talent empowerment, and innovation-driven development. The acceleration of constructing an ideological and political education system within graduate programs, coupled with innovative methods of integrating this education, is imperative for solidifying the ideological foundation essential for student development and for fostering high-quality, innovative scientific and technological talents. Focusing on the Applied Chemistry curriculum, this paper draws on undergraduate ideological and political educational experiences to explore various practical methodologies, aiming to provide references for building a high-caliber chemistry talent cultivation system, and to contribute to the overall development of a modernized socialist nation.
2024, 39(6): 83-89
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311073
Abstract:
In the process of graduate classification training, this paper explores and practices the cultivation of professional degree postgraduates in chemistry-related majors, with a focus on the unique aspects of materials and chemical engineering disciplines at engineering universities. It comprehensively addresses various aspects of education, including the curriculum system, thesis topic selection, professional practice, and employment skills. The cornerstone of this endeavor is to enhance the engineering practice abilities of professional degree postgraduates. Emphasis is placed on strengthening the construction of course resources, enhancing practical teaching, and fostering innovative and entrepreneurial skills, all aimed at substantially improving the quality of professional degree postgraduate education.
In the process of graduate classification training, this paper explores and practices the cultivation of professional degree postgraduates in chemistry-related majors, with a focus on the unique aspects of materials and chemical engineering disciplines at engineering universities. It comprehensively addresses various aspects of education, including the curriculum system, thesis topic selection, professional practice, and employment skills. The cornerstone of this endeavor is to enhance the engineering practice abilities of professional degree postgraduates. Emphasis is placed on strengthening the construction of course resources, enhancing practical teaching, and fostering innovative and entrepreneurial skills, all aimed at substantially improving the quality of professional degree postgraduate education.
2024, 39(6): 90-97
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311049
Abstract:
The rapidly evolving landscape of scientific research, marked by interdisciplinary integration, offers promising opportunities for addressing complex scientific problems. As the advancements in modern science and the breakthroughs in core techniques put forward new requirements for the training of high-level compound talents, this paper focuses on the construction of a composite talent cultivation model within the graduate education of chemistry. By analyzing the main challenges encountered during the interdisciplinary process, this study draws from practical cases within the Laboratory for Functional Polymer Materials and Devices in the Department of Chemistry of Renmin University of China. It proposes a core educational philosophy of being led by demand, adopting tailored teaching strategies, and integrating humanities and science. Through collaborative ventures across disciplines between chemistry and materials science, agronomy, forestry, medicine, engineering, and archival science, this paper explores a new way to cultivate compound talents with comprehensive interdisciplinary competencies.
The rapidly evolving landscape of scientific research, marked by interdisciplinary integration, offers promising opportunities for addressing complex scientific problems. As the advancements in modern science and the breakthroughs in core techniques put forward new requirements for the training of high-level compound talents, this paper focuses on the construction of a composite talent cultivation model within the graduate education of chemistry. By analyzing the main challenges encountered during the interdisciplinary process, this study draws from practical cases within the Laboratory for Functional Polymer Materials and Devices in the Department of Chemistry of Renmin University of China. It proposes a core educational philosophy of being led by demand, adopting tailored teaching strategies, and integrating humanities and science. Through collaborative ventures across disciplines between chemistry and materials science, agronomy, forestry, medicine, engineering, and archival science, this paper explores a new way to cultivate compound talents with comprehensive interdisciplinary competencies.
2024, 39(6): 98-102
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312093
Abstract:
This paper examines the challenges faced by graduate students pursuing professional degrees in materials and chemical engineering., It proposes a "project-based" training model, featuring collaborative training bases, reformed admission processes, “dual-platform” teaching, and integrated “professional practice-scientific innovation practice-dissertation” approaches. The “dual mentor system” and “enterprise-school evaluation” integration are key components. These methods aim to significantly enhance the training of high-level innovative versatile talents in the materials and chemical industry.
This paper examines the challenges faced by graduate students pursuing professional degrees in materials and chemical engineering., It proposes a "project-based" training model, featuring collaborative training bases, reformed admission processes, “dual-platform” teaching, and integrated “professional practice-scientific innovation practice-dissertation” approaches. The “dual mentor system” and “enterprise-school evaluation” integration are key components. These methods aim to significantly enhance the training of high-level innovative versatile talents in the materials and chemical industry.
2024, 39(6): 103-111
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312059
Abstract:
This paper investigates the integration of undergraduate and graduate education in polymer chemistry within the context of aerospace features. It outlines the development and practical application of a structured, modular polymer chemistry tailored to aerospace. The practical results demonstrate that this educational reform balances general polymer knowledge with industry-specific expertise, effectively nurturing graduates equipped with specialized skills in aerospace chemistry. This approach has notably enhanced student employability and competition achievements, marking significant success in the field.
This paper investigates the integration of undergraduate and graduate education in polymer chemistry within the context of aerospace features. It outlines the development and practical application of a structured, modular polymer chemistry tailored to aerospace. The practical results demonstrate that this educational reform balances general polymer knowledge with industry-specific expertise, effectively nurturing graduates equipped with specialized skills in aerospace chemistry. This approach has notably enhanced student employability and competition achievements, marking significant success in the field.
2024, 39(6): 112-121
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202402022
Abstract:
Drawing from the author’s years of scientific research and graduate mentorship, this paper examines the challenges encountered in the training of medicinal chemistry graduate students. It also outlines effective strategies of cultivating expertise in this field.
Drawing from the author’s years of scientific research and graduate mentorship, this paper examines the challenges encountered in the training of medicinal chemistry graduate students. It also outlines effective strategies of cultivating expertise in this field.
2024, 39(6): 122-127
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310059
Abstract:
Addressing the challenges of the late start, numerous problems and the difficulty of integrating ideological and political education into graduate courses, this paper takes the course “Research Progress in Luminescent Materials” as a teaching case. It systematically explores practices in teaching objectives, design, implementation, and assessment, proposing an original ideological and political concept of “innovation bred by classics, heritage of the canon.” The teaching philosophy encapsulated as “education-oriented, practice-based, innovation-spirited” is refined through this process.
Addressing the challenges of the late start, numerous problems and the difficulty of integrating ideological and political education into graduate courses, this paper takes the course “Research Progress in Luminescent Materials” as a teaching case. It systematically explores practices in teaching objectives, design, implementation, and assessment, proposing an original ideological and political concept of “innovation bred by classics, heritage of the canon.” The teaching philosophy encapsulated as “education-oriented, practice-based, innovation-spirited” is refined through this process.
Flipped Classroom Approach in Teaching Professional English Reading and Writing to Polymer Graduates
2024, 39(6): 128-131
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310015
Abstract:
Mastery of professional English reading and writing is a pivotal skill for graduates embarking on independent research. In our approach, we implemented an online flipped classroom teaching, where doctoral freshmen specializing in polymer science take turns presenting a representative paper recently published within their research group. The presentation follows the fundamental structure of academic papers. Concurrently, fellow students are tasked with crafting academic summaries and offering constructive feedback on these papers. Over three years, this innovative flipped classroom teaching has achieved favorable educational outcomes.
Mastery of professional English reading and writing is a pivotal skill for graduates embarking on independent research. In our approach, we implemented an online flipped classroom teaching, where doctoral freshmen specializing in polymer science take turns presenting a representative paper recently published within their research group. The presentation follows the fundamental structure of academic papers. Concurrently, fellow students are tasked with crafting academic summaries and offering constructive feedback on these papers. Over three years, this innovative flipped classroom teaching has achieved favorable educational outcomes.
2024, 39(6): 132-136
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311018
Abstract:
In alignment with General Secretary Xi Jinping’s directives from the postgraduate education conference, the course “Practical Instrumental Analysis Theory” aims to embody a comprehensive and holistic approach to student development. Specifically, the ideological and political elements, such as the integration of theory and practice, the cultivation of a meticulous scholarly attitude, and the nurturing of national pride, are deeply integrated into its pedagogical framework. Through a cyclical process of practical application, feedback and promotion within the teaching methodology, we subtly infuse the ideals and convictions crucial to postgraduate education into our knowledge dissemination approach.
In alignment with General Secretary Xi Jinping’s directives from the postgraduate education conference, the course “Practical Instrumental Analysis Theory” aims to embody a comprehensive and holistic approach to student development. Specifically, the ideological and political elements, such as the integration of theory and practice, the cultivation of a meticulous scholarly attitude, and the nurturing of national pride, are deeply integrated into its pedagogical framework. Through a cyclical process of practical application, feedback and promotion within the teaching methodology, we subtly infuse the ideals and convictions crucial to postgraduate education into our knowledge dissemination approach.
2024, 39(6): 137-144
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312010
Abstract:
In the context of the “Double First-Class” initiative, advancing the deep integration of industry, academia, research, and application in curriculum teaching is an effective strategy to enhance the quality of graduate education, thereby meeting the evolving demands for high-level talents in the new era. This paper explores the reform of curriculum teaching in the backdrop of this integrated educational approach, focusing on the environmental functional materials course. It addresses the challenges currently faced in the course’s instruction and proposes reforms in various aspects such as the integrated teaching mechanism, content, modes, methods, as well as evaluation systems. The objective of this teaching reform is to enhance the pedagogical efficacy of the “environmental functional materials” course while simultaneously strengthening the cultivation of students’ professional, scientific research, and practical abilities. This reform seeks to offer valuable insights for facilitating the effective alignment of comprehensive, high-quality talent training with social talent needs.
In the context of the “Double First-Class” initiative, advancing the deep integration of industry, academia, research, and application in curriculum teaching is an effective strategy to enhance the quality of graduate education, thereby meeting the evolving demands for high-level talents in the new era. This paper explores the reform of curriculum teaching in the backdrop of this integrated educational approach, focusing on the environmental functional materials course. It addresses the challenges currently faced in the course’s instruction and proposes reforms in various aspects such as the integrated teaching mechanism, content, modes, methods, as well as evaluation systems. The objective of this teaching reform is to enhance the pedagogical efficacy of the “environmental functional materials” course while simultaneously strengthening the cultivation of students’ professional, scientific research, and practical abilities. This reform seeks to offer valuable insights for facilitating the effective alignment of comprehensive, high-quality talent training with social talent needs.
2024, 39(6): 145-150
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202402024
Abstract:
Postgraduate education represents the pinnacle of higher education, and is a crucial benchmark for gauging a country's competitiveness in higher education, as well as being a primary conduit for the independent cultivation of elite innovative talents. To enhance the quality of talent development, the course “Organic Structure Analysis” has undergone innovative teaching reforms. These reforms are informed by a pedagogical ethos that is "student-centric, with a strong emphasis on nurturing scientific thought, research capabilities, and a broad international outlook. This approach has tackled the course’s challenging aspects through the internationalization of teaching philosophies, content, teams, and methodologies. The outcomes have significantly elevated the students’ scholarly calibre and have provided a robust impetus in fostering innovative talent.
Postgraduate education represents the pinnacle of higher education, and is a crucial benchmark for gauging a country's competitiveness in higher education, as well as being a primary conduit for the independent cultivation of elite innovative talents. To enhance the quality of talent development, the course “Organic Structure Analysis” has undergone innovative teaching reforms. These reforms are informed by a pedagogical ethos that is "student-centric, with a strong emphasis on nurturing scientific thought, research capabilities, and a broad international outlook. This approach has tackled the course’s challenging aspects through the internationalization of teaching philosophies, content, teams, and methodologies. The outcomes have significantly elevated the students’ scholarly calibre and have provided a robust impetus in fostering innovative talent.
2024, 39(6): 151-159
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312096
Abstract:
This paper presents a case study on the course “Solar Cell Performance Enhancement Technology”, integrating elements of ideological and political education (IPE) into postgraduate specialty through the adoption of metacognition theory. It delves into the influence of metacognitive enhancement on IPE within specialty courses, touching on aspects such as the unity between depth and breadth of knowledge, interdisciplinary thinking, independent learning and critical thinking, social responsibility, innovation ability and individual lifelong learning attitude. By fostering reflective abilities, this approach promotes the improvement of students’ metacognitive abilities, seamlessly blends professional knowledge acquisition with IPE elements, and cultivates well-rounded, high-level professionals. It provides insightful strategies for the holistic development of postgraduate talents, aligning with contemporary higher education trends and the objectives of socialist cultivation with Chinese characteristics, thereby nurturing competitively skilled professionals.
This paper presents a case study on the course “Solar Cell Performance Enhancement Technology”, integrating elements of ideological and political education (IPE) into postgraduate specialty through the adoption of metacognition theory. It delves into the influence of metacognitive enhancement on IPE within specialty courses, touching on aspects such as the unity between depth and breadth of knowledge, interdisciplinary thinking, independent learning and critical thinking, social responsibility, innovation ability and individual lifelong learning attitude. By fostering reflective abilities, this approach promotes the improvement of students’ metacognitive abilities, seamlessly blends professional knowledge acquisition with IPE elements, and cultivates well-rounded, high-level professionals. It provides insightful strategies for the holistic development of postgraduate talents, aligning with contemporary higher education trends and the objectives of socialist cultivation with Chinese characteristics, thereby nurturing competitively skilled professionals.
2024, 39(6): 160-165
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401074
Abstract:
In the foundational graduate course “Chemical Reaction Kinetics”, we adhere to an educational philosophy centered on students’ learning and development. The curriculum is tightly integrated with both ideological and political education and cutting-edge disciplinary content. We employ alternating teaching models including problem-based learning (PBL) and research-based learning (RBL) to engage students actively as learners. This approach helps consolidate fundamental knowledge, develop scientific rational thinking, and enhance innovative capabilities. It also builds comprehensive analytical and problem-solving abilities, laying a solid foundation for students’ future achievements in scientific research.
In the foundational graduate course “Chemical Reaction Kinetics”, we adhere to an educational philosophy centered on students’ learning and development. The curriculum is tightly integrated with both ideological and political education and cutting-edge disciplinary content. We employ alternating teaching models including problem-based learning (PBL) and research-based learning (RBL) to engage students actively as learners. This approach helps consolidate fundamental knowledge, develop scientific rational thinking, and enhance innovative capabilities. It also builds comprehensive analytical and problem-solving abilities, laying a solid foundation for students’ future achievements in scientific research.
2024, 39(6): 166-173
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202402010
Abstract:
To cultivate high-quality, research-oriented, innovative talents, significant efforts have been made to develop the course resources and reform the teaching models for the graduate course “Elemental Inorganic Chemistry”. Key initiatives include reconstructing a hierarchical knowledge framework, developing multi-dimensional course resources, promoting blended teaching that combines online and offline elements, implementing comprehensive multi-dimensional assessments, and deeply integrating ideological education into the curriculum. These measures have enhanced students’ capabilities in independent learning, knowledge expansion, and interactive learning. The integrated approach of imparting knowledge, cultivating skills, and leading values has successfully raised students' overall competencies and capabilities for scientific innovation.
To cultivate high-quality, research-oriented, innovative talents, significant efforts have been made to develop the course resources and reform the teaching models for the graduate course “Elemental Inorganic Chemistry”. Key initiatives include reconstructing a hierarchical knowledge framework, developing multi-dimensional course resources, promoting blended teaching that combines online and offline elements, implementing comprehensive multi-dimensional assessments, and deeply integrating ideological education into the curriculum. These measures have enhanced students’ capabilities in independent learning, knowledge expansion, and interactive learning. The integrated approach of imparting knowledge, cultivating skills, and leading values has successfully raised students' overall competencies and capabilities for scientific innovation.
2024, 39(6): 174-180
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310058
Abstract:
Against the backdrop of China’s scientific and technological advancement demands and the transformative epoch of the new century, particularly as the nation progresses from a “manufacturing giant” to a “manufacturing powerhouse”, this paper discusses the evolving mission of instrumental analysis course. The mission includes fostering students’ innovation consciousness and creativity at the level of basic chemistry education, and supporting the industrial development of national instrumentation. To fulfill this ambitious mission, the teaching of instrumental analysis should emphasize its pivotal role in bridging various chemical sub-disciplines and other fields, serving as an excellent introduction to intelligent manufacturing education. The paper also addresses the pedagogical challenges in training a generation proficient in understanding, using, and innovating in instrumentation to advance the industry, which is essential to better adapt to societal development trends and national strategic demands. Strategies to address these challenges within educational practices are also proposed.
Against the backdrop of China’s scientific and technological advancement demands and the transformative epoch of the new century, particularly as the nation progresses from a “manufacturing giant” to a “manufacturing powerhouse”, this paper discusses the evolving mission of instrumental analysis course. The mission includes fostering students’ innovation consciousness and creativity at the level of basic chemistry education, and supporting the industrial development of national instrumentation. To fulfill this ambitious mission, the teaching of instrumental analysis should emphasize its pivotal role in bridging various chemical sub-disciplines and other fields, serving as an excellent introduction to intelligent manufacturing education. The paper also addresses the pedagogical challenges in training a generation proficient in understanding, using, and innovating in instrumentation to advance the industry, which is essential to better adapt to societal development trends and national strategic demands. Strategies to address these challenges within educational practices are also proposed.
2024, 39(6): 181-188
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310081
Abstract:
Excellent laboratory conditions and efficient management are essential for the success of experimental class instruction. To utilize laboratories more scientifically and effectively, providing an enhanced teaching platform for both educators and students, laboratory technicians need to engage in more efficacious management strategies. In the context of broad-based admission, where the inorganic chemistry laboratory often serves as the initial point of entry for college students into laboratory settings, technicians have embarked on exploration and implementation of strategic measures. These include optimizing laboratory layout and enforcing laboratory management systems, all aimed at serving the needs of teachers and students and guided by the requirements of the curriculum. This paper discusses the explorations and practices undertaken in these areas.
Excellent laboratory conditions and efficient management are essential for the success of experimental class instruction. To utilize laboratories more scientifically and effectively, providing an enhanced teaching platform for both educators and students, laboratory technicians need to engage in more efficacious management strategies. In the context of broad-based admission, where the inorganic chemistry laboratory often serves as the initial point of entry for college students into laboratory settings, technicians have embarked on exploration and implementation of strategic measures. These include optimizing laboratory layout and enforcing laboratory management systems, all aimed at serving the needs of teachers and students and guided by the requirements of the curriculum. This paper discusses the explorations and practices undertaken in these areas.
2024, 39(6): 189-194
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310014
Abstract:
Addressing the challenges inherent in the traditional teaching mode of analytical chemistry course, this paper takes the initiative under the concept of course ideology and politics to implement educational reforms. It outlines a comprehensive strategy for the ideological and political development within the analytical chemistry curriculum. These reforms encompass a broad range of areas, including the revision of the teaching syllabus, the reconstruction of teaching content, the transformation of teaching methodologies, and the overhaul of course assessment methods. By integrating online and offline blended teaching methods, this reform synchronizes the value-driven guidance provided by instructors with the deep engagement of students, achieving a holistic educational objective that encompasses knowledge transmission, ability cultivation, and value shaping.
Addressing the challenges inherent in the traditional teaching mode of analytical chemistry course, this paper takes the initiative under the concept of course ideology and politics to implement educational reforms. It outlines a comprehensive strategy for the ideological and political development within the analytical chemistry curriculum. These reforms encompass a broad range of areas, including the revision of the teaching syllabus, the reconstruction of teaching content, the transformation of teaching methodologies, and the overhaul of course assessment methods. By integrating online and offline blended teaching methods, this reform synchronizes the value-driven guidance provided by instructors with the deep engagement of students, achieving a holistic educational objective that encompasses knowledge transmission, ability cultivation, and value shaping.
2024, 39(6): 195-200
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310112
Abstract:
With the trend of “Internet plus” and the reform of college entrance examinations, the teaching reform in the field of chemistry continues to deepen. The teaching team of the Structural Chemistry course at South China Normal University has conducted in-depth exploration and practice of blended teaching, combining online and offline methods. This article introduces the exploration, process, and implementation of the curriculum reform. By utilizing the “LiRu Online Courses” platform, the team has successfully integrated offline and online courses, leveraging their respective advantages to create an effective blended learning experience. The results of offline course exams, online participation rates, and student feedback all indicate that this blended teaching approach has been well received by students, leading to a significant improvement in their innovative thinking and achieving satisfactory teaching outcomes.
With the trend of “Internet plus” and the reform of college entrance examinations, the teaching reform in the field of chemistry continues to deepen. The teaching team of the Structural Chemistry course at South China Normal University has conducted in-depth exploration and practice of blended teaching, combining online and offline methods. This article introduces the exploration, process, and implementation of the curriculum reform. By utilizing the “LiRu Online Courses” platform, the team has successfully integrated offline and online courses, leveraging their respective advantages to create an effective blended learning experience. The results of offline course exams, online participation rates, and student feedback all indicate that this blended teaching approach has been well received by students, leading to a significant improvement in their innovative thinking and achieving satisfactory teaching outcomes.
2024, 39(6): 201-206
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310099
Abstract:
Research-oriented experimental teaching has emerged as a prominent focus in higher education’s pedagogical studies. Silver nitrate, a notably costly reagent, poses a dual opportunity when recovered from silver-containing waste: it mitigates environmental pollution and reduces experimental costs. The experiment requires simple equipment, enabling students to apply their learned knowledge and skills effectively in resolving operational and procedural challenges. This study utilizes the recovery of silver nitrate from silver-containing waste liquid as the experimental project, where students independently devise their experimental strategies. Through the implementation of the scheme, they engage in a research-based learning process, thereby fostering their scientific research acumen.
Research-oriented experimental teaching has emerged as a prominent focus in higher education’s pedagogical studies. Silver nitrate, a notably costly reagent, poses a dual opportunity when recovered from silver-containing waste: it mitigates environmental pollution and reduces experimental costs. The experiment requires simple equipment, enabling students to apply their learned knowledge and skills effectively in resolving operational and procedural challenges. This study utilizes the recovery of silver nitrate from silver-containing waste liquid as the experimental project, where students independently devise their experimental strategies. Through the implementation of the scheme, they engage in a research-based learning process, thereby fostering their scientific research acumen.
2024, 39(6): 207-213
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310065
Abstract:
The paper introduced the teaching design of leading the reverse reasoning thinking mode into organic synthesis experimental teaching, taking a classic organic chemistry experimental project—the synthesis of cinnamic acid，as an example. After teaching design and improvement, this project contains rich ideological and political elements.
The paper introduced the teaching design of leading the reverse reasoning thinking mode into organic synthesis experimental teaching, taking a classic organic chemistry experimental project—the synthesis of cinnamic acid，as an example. After teaching design and improvement, this project contains rich ideological and political elements.
2024, 39(6): 214-219
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310086
Abstract:
Innovation and entrepreneurship education is an important approach to meet the major strategic needs of our country’s higher education. In response to changes in talent demand, this study is based on the applied chemistry major at Central South University, aiming to organically incorporate the element of innovation and entrepreneurship education into the training system of the applied chemistry major. However, the deep integration of innovation and entrepreneurship education with the cultivation of applied chemistry talents faces challenges such as unclear course concepts, limited course resources, and a single course evaluation approach. In this research, we propose strategies for integrating innovation and entrepreneurship education with professional courses, focusing on reforming the training model, promoting interdisciplinary practice, and adopting a three-dimensional teaching approach. We also provide case studies of our school’s students’ achievements in school-enterprise cooperation and the support from national, provincial, and school-level innovation and entrepreneurship funding, aiming to explore effective solutions.
Innovation and entrepreneurship education is an important approach to meet the major strategic needs of our country’s higher education. In response to changes in talent demand, this study is based on the applied chemistry major at Central South University, aiming to organically incorporate the element of innovation and entrepreneurship education into the training system of the applied chemistry major. However, the deep integration of innovation and entrepreneurship education with the cultivation of applied chemistry talents faces challenges such as unclear course concepts, limited course resources, and a single course evaluation approach. In this research, we propose strategies for integrating innovation and entrepreneurship education with professional courses, focusing on reforming the training model, promoting interdisciplinary practice, and adopting a three-dimensional teaching approach. We also provide case studies of our school’s students’ achievements in school-enterprise cooperation and the support from national, provincial, and school-level innovation and entrepreneurship funding, aiming to explore effective solutions.
2024, 39(6): 220-225
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309104
Abstract:
The concept of “Industry-Education Integration, University-Enterprise Cooperation” represents a pivotal approach in contemporary higher education for nurturing talents suited to the demands of the new era, thereby guiding the trajectory of talent development. In response to the evolving societal needs for skilled professionals, and in line with the talent cultivation objectives of our Applied Chemistry, this paper proposes an innovative educational framework. The suggested model, characterized by “Industry-Education Integration, University-Enterprise Cooperation, Multi-Dimensional Combination and Theory-Practice Blend”, aims to foster students’ practical and innovative capabilities. Central to this approach is the establishment of a collaborative educational platform between universities and enterprises, encompassing a three-tiered experimental structure: “Basic Experiment-Comprehensive Training-Innovative Design”. This framework advocates a multifaced and blended learning methodology, offering personalized student development to align graduates with social needs and contribute to economic and social advancement.
The concept of “Industry-Education Integration, University-Enterprise Cooperation” represents a pivotal approach in contemporary higher education for nurturing talents suited to the demands of the new era, thereby guiding the trajectory of talent development. In response to the evolving societal needs for skilled professionals, and in line with the talent cultivation objectives of our Applied Chemistry, this paper proposes an innovative educational framework. The suggested model, characterized by “Industry-Education Integration, University-Enterprise Cooperation, Multi-Dimensional Combination and Theory-Practice Blend”, aims to foster students’ practical and innovative capabilities. Central to this approach is the establishment of a collaborative educational platform between universities and enterprises, encompassing a three-tiered experimental structure: “Basic Experiment-Comprehensive Training-Innovative Design”. This framework advocates a multifaced and blended learning methodology, offering personalized student development to align graduates with social needs and contribute to economic and social advancement.
2024, 39(6): 226-230
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310095
Abstract:
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions play a crucial role in the synthesis of organic compounds and are considered to be one of the most important synthetic transformations. Traditionally, these reactions have been described as stepwise processes in textbooks. However, with further research, the existence of concerted nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions has been widely confirmed. This paper provides a brief overview of the stepwise pathway of nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions and focuses on several examples of concerted reactions, highlighting the importance of reaction design in mechanistic studies. Integrating cutting-edge research findings into teaching can enhance students’ understanding of nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions.
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions play a crucial role in the synthesis of organic compounds and are considered to be one of the most important synthetic transformations. Traditionally, these reactions have been described as stepwise processes in textbooks. However, with further research, the existence of concerted nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions has been widely confirmed. This paper provides a brief overview of the stepwise pathway of nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions and focuses on several examples of concerted reactions, highlighting the importance of reaction design in mechanistic studies. Integrating cutting-edge research findings into teaching can enhance students’ understanding of nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions.
2024, 39(6): 231-237
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310040
Abstract:
Quantum dot materials have garnered increasing attention in recent years due to their excellent properties, such as stimulated emission, narrow emission half-peak width, and continuously adjustable luminous colors. This article provides a brief overview of quantum dots, categorizing them based on the composition of material elements, and explores their applications in LED technology, solar cells, biomedical uses, and heavy metal ion detection.
Quantum dot materials have garnered increasing attention in recent years due to their excellent properties, such as stimulated emission, narrow emission half-peak width, and continuously adjustable luminous colors. This article provides a brief overview of quantum dots, categorizing them based on the composition of material elements, and explores their applications in LED technology, solar cells, biomedical uses, and heavy metal ion detection.
2024, 39(6): 238-245
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401047
Abstract:
The Dunhuang murals, as the jewels of ancient Chinese art, represent a rich repository of history, culture, art, and religious heritage, whose value is immeasurable. The pigments used in these murals, meticulously selected from natural minerals, bring unparalleled color and texture to the Dunhuang paintings. A deeper understanding of the characteristics of these pigments aids in the appreciation of the profound layers of art, culture, and history, and serves as the foundation for the preservation and restoration of the murals. This article employs a vivid, anthropomorphic narrative to make the origins of the colors in the Mogao Caves’ murals accessible and understandable. It focuses on elucidating the typical mineral pigments used and their sources, with the aim of promoting the conservation of these murals, as well as the popularization, dissemination, and heritage of cultural treasures.
The Dunhuang murals, as the jewels of ancient Chinese art, represent a rich repository of history, culture, art, and religious heritage, whose value is immeasurable. The pigments used in these murals, meticulously selected from natural minerals, bring unparalleled color and texture to the Dunhuang paintings. A deeper understanding of the characteristics of these pigments aids in the appreciation of the profound layers of art, culture, and history, and serves as the foundation for the preservation and restoration of the murals. This article employs a vivid, anthropomorphic narrative to make the origins of the colors in the Mogao Caves’ murals accessible and understandable. It focuses on elucidating the typical mineral pigments used and their sources, with the aim of promoting the conservation of these murals, as well as the popularization, dissemination, and heritage of cultural treasures.
2024, 39(6): 246-252
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310088
Abstract:
Universities serve as the cradle for nurturing insightful, independently thinking, and innovation-driven professionals. The experimental training courses in scientific research skills, where wood is transformed into a magnet, elevate students’ capacity to apply their acquired knowledge in scientific inquiry. This experiment not only acquaints students with wood-related knowledge but also refines their ability to independently operate research instruments and analyze spectroscopic data. It broadens students’ perspectives in the realm of scientific research, sparking an inherent passion for learning and scientific inquiry.
Universities serve as the cradle for nurturing insightful, independently thinking, and innovation-driven professionals. The experimental training courses in scientific research skills, where wood is transformed into a magnet, elevate students’ capacity to apply their acquired knowledge in scientific inquiry. This experiment not only acquaints students with wood-related knowledge but also refines their ability to independently operate research instruments and analyze spectroscopic data. It broadens students’ perspectives in the realm of scientific research, sparking an inherent passion for learning and scientific inquiry.
2024, 39(6): 253-263
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310077
Abstract:
In line with the comprehensive experimental teaching philosophy of “problem-oriented, interest-driven, and self-directed exploration”, the theory of “chemical transformation-driven impurity separation” has been integrated into organic chemistry laboratory teaching to design innovative comprehensive experiments. Through the utilization of chemical transformations, effective separation of the target molecule to be purified (α-fluorobenzoic acid, abbreviated as “fluorinated mandelic acid”) from impurities (mandelic acid) has been achieved, with product purities reaching 98.7% and 97.0%, respectively. The main chemicals and reagents used throughout the experiment are economically affordable, readily available, and recyclable, fully reflecting the principles of atom economy and green chemistry. Various essential organic chemistry experimental techniques, including vacuum distillation, concentration, recrystallization, and filtration, as well as important analytical methods such as thin-layer chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance, were employed during the experimental process. Proficiency in these crucial experimental techniques and analytical methods enables the cultivation of students’ abilities to conduct experiments guided by fundamental theories, effectively separate organic compounds with small differences in properties, and analyze experimental phenomena. Furthermore, this enhances undergraduate students’ academic cultivation, scientific literacy, and ability to apply knowledge to solve practical problems.
In line with the comprehensive experimental teaching philosophy of “problem-oriented, interest-driven, and self-directed exploration”, the theory of “chemical transformation-driven impurity separation” has been integrated into organic chemistry laboratory teaching to design innovative comprehensive experiments. Through the utilization of chemical transformations, effective separation of the target molecule to be purified (α-fluorobenzoic acid, abbreviated as “fluorinated mandelic acid”) from impurities (mandelic acid) has been achieved, with product purities reaching 98.7% and 97.0%, respectively. The main chemicals and reagents used throughout the experiment are economically affordable, readily available, and recyclable, fully reflecting the principles of atom economy and green chemistry. Various essential organic chemistry experimental techniques, including vacuum distillation, concentration, recrystallization, and filtration, as well as important analytical methods such as thin-layer chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance, were employed during the experimental process. Proficiency in these crucial experimental techniques and analytical methods enables the cultivation of students’ abilities to conduct experiments guided by fundamental theories, effectively separate organic compounds with small differences in properties, and analyze experimental phenomena. Furthermore, this enhances undergraduate students’ academic cultivation, scientific literacy, and ability to apply knowledge to solve practical problems.
2024, 39(6): 264-270
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310064
Abstract:
Currently, the content of 3D printing teaching experiments mostly focuses on introducing students to the basic workflow of 3D printing using commercially available polymers. However, these basic experiments often fail to expose students to cutting-edge new materials and overlook the underlying scientific questions of how these new materials can be combined with 3D printing technology. High-strength hydrogels, with their solvent-rich properties and excellent biocompatibility, have extensive prospects in various fields such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and flexible electronics. This experiment integrates the author’s recent scientific research achievements and instructs students to explore the rheological properties and swelling behavior of designated novel gel-based materials (hydrogels/organogels), effectively combining these gel-based materials with 3D printing technology, thereby gaining a more specific understanding of the processing methods of these advanced materials. The instructional design of this experiment enhances students’ in-depth understanding of Nobel Prize achievements, strengthens their awareness of applying their professional knowledge to serve national development needs, and cultivates their innovative spirit and teamwork consciousness in the face of exploration.
Currently, the content of 3D printing teaching experiments mostly focuses on introducing students to the basic workflow of 3D printing using commercially available polymers. However, these basic experiments often fail to expose students to cutting-edge new materials and overlook the underlying scientific questions of how these new materials can be combined with 3D printing technology. High-strength hydrogels, with their solvent-rich properties and excellent biocompatibility, have extensive prospects in various fields such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and flexible electronics. This experiment integrates the author’s recent scientific research achievements and instructs students to explore the rheological properties and swelling behavior of designated novel gel-based materials (hydrogels/organogels), effectively combining these gel-based materials with 3D printing technology, thereby gaining a more specific understanding of the processing methods of these advanced materials. The instructional design of this experiment enhances students’ in-depth understanding of Nobel Prize achievements, strengthens their awareness of applying their professional knowledge to serve national development needs, and cultivates their innovative spirit and teamwork consciousness in the face of exploration.
2024, 39(6): 271-277
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309062
Abstract:
An innovative experimental approach based on a microfluidic paper-based chip has been designed for specific detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli). The chip is fabricated for detecting E. coli in water samples. The main contents include the preparation of paper chips, lysis of E. coli on the chip, detection of E. coli, optimization of detection conditions, and detection of E. coli in actual samples. This experiment integrates cutting-edge disciplines, demonstrating robust comprehensive and innovative characteristics. It aligns with the practical education concept marked by the progression from “basic experiment → comprehensive experiment → research-oriented experiment”, effectively strengthening students’ capacities for problem analysis and solution.
An innovative experimental approach based on a microfluidic paper-based chip has been designed for specific detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli). The chip is fabricated for detecting E. coli in water samples. The main contents include the preparation of paper chips, lysis of E. coli on the chip, detection of E. coli, optimization of detection conditions, and detection of E. coli in actual samples. This experiment integrates cutting-edge disciplines, demonstrating robust comprehensive and innovative characteristics. It aligns with the practical education concept marked by the progression from “basic experiment → comprehensive experiment → research-oriented experiment”, effectively strengthening students’ capacities for problem analysis and solution.
2024, 39(6): 278-286
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310087
Abstract:
In this experiment, Cu-pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester (Cu-MPPa) was designed to be synthesized for cancer therapy mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione depletion. Additionally, it facilitates the maintenance of high intracellular oxygen concentrations through cyclic oxygen production via a Fenton-like reaction. The reactive oxygen generation capacity, oxygen production capacity and glutathione consumption capacity of Cu-MPPa were investigated during the experiment. Mass spectrometry was used to characterize the structures of the synthesized intermediates. Combining Organic Chemistry synthesis, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry experiments, this experiment necessitates a team of three students and is estimated to take about 24 credit hours. It is designed to cultivate students' abilities in synthesis and innovation, complex problem-solving and teamwork enhancement.
In this experiment, Cu-pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester (Cu-MPPa) was designed to be synthesized for cancer therapy mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione depletion. Additionally, it facilitates the maintenance of high intracellular oxygen concentrations through cyclic oxygen production via a Fenton-like reaction. The reactive oxygen generation capacity, oxygen production capacity and glutathione consumption capacity of Cu-MPPa were investigated during the experiment. Mass spectrometry was used to characterize the structures of the synthesized intermediates. Combining Organic Chemistry synthesis, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry experiments, this experiment necessitates a team of three students and is estimated to take about 24 credit hours. It is designed to cultivate students' abilities in synthesis and innovation, complex problem-solving and teamwork enhancement.
2024, 39(6): 287-294
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310073
Abstract:
The extraction efficiency of Co2+ was systematically evaluated under the condition of a pH 5 buffer solution. Three scenarios were examined: the extraction of Co2+ in Co2+ alone, Ni2+ alone and a mixed Co2+ and Ni2+ solution. Results indicated that the extraction efficiency reached 75.47% when Co2+ was extracted independently. However, this efficiency was markedly reduced in the mixed solution signifying a significant interference from Ni2+ in the spectrophotometric measurement of Co2+ through a series of comparative experiments. Subsequently, a comprehensive set of experiments employed spectrophotometry to assess the extraction efficiency of Co2+, scrutinizing variables such as pH, extraction duration and extraction frequency, to identify optimal experimental conditions and improve the extraction efficiency.
The extraction efficiency of Co2+ was systematically evaluated under the condition of a pH 5 buffer solution. Three scenarios were examined: the extraction of Co2+ in Co2+ alone, Ni2+ alone and a mixed Co2+ and Ni2+ solution. Results indicated that the extraction efficiency reached 75.47% when Co2+ was extracted independently. However, this efficiency was markedly reduced in the mixed solution signifying a significant interference from Ni2+ in the spectrophotometric measurement of Co2+ through a series of comparative experiments. Subsequently, a comprehensive set of experiments employed spectrophotometry to assess the extraction efficiency of Co2+, scrutinizing variables such as pH, extraction duration and extraction frequency, to identify optimal experimental conditions and improve the extraction efficiency.
2024, 39(6): 295-302
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312049
Abstract:
Virtual simulation experiments represent an emerging trend in the pedagogical approach to teaching large-scale instrument analysis, effectively integrating virtual simulation technology with hands-on instrument training to maximize students' comprehensive application skills in large-scale instrument analysis. This paper focuses on a virtual simulation system for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), meticulously simulating the entire LIBS experimental procedure, including sample preparation, spectrum acquisition, qualitative and quantitative analysis. Through a blended learning model that combines virtual and physical experiments, the process facilitates real-time monitoring and comprehensive assessment of student performance. This approach not only enhances students' independent inquiry ability and innovative consciousness, but also aims to cultivate top-notch talents with independent thinking and practical abilities.
Virtual simulation experiments represent an emerging trend in the pedagogical approach to teaching large-scale instrument analysis, effectively integrating virtual simulation technology with hands-on instrument training to maximize students' comprehensive application skills in large-scale instrument analysis. This paper focuses on a virtual simulation system for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), meticulously simulating the entire LIBS experimental procedure, including sample preparation, spectrum acquisition, qualitative and quantitative analysis. Through a blended learning model that combines virtual and physical experiments, the process facilitates real-time monitoring and comprehensive assessment of student performance. This approach not only enhances students' independent inquiry ability and innovative consciousness, but also aims to cultivate top-notch talents with independent thinking and practical abilities.
2024, 39(6): 303-311
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312006
Abstract:
This paper presents a comprehensive instrumental analysis experiment featuring online monitoring of 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole (DAT) synthesis via Raman spectroscopy and the exploration of the reaction mechanism. Highlighting a synthesis that integrates instrumental analysis with scientific research, the experiment encompasses DAT synthesis, online reaction monitoring, and mechanism analysis through Raman spectroscopy. By employing chemometric techniques for the analysis of Raman spectral data, the study offers profound insights into the synthesis process, deepening the understanding of the reaction mechanism. This experiment reinforces students’ chemical knowledge, improves their practical laboratory skills, ignites their passion for scientific investigation, and develops their capabilities for research and inquiry.
This paper presents a comprehensive instrumental analysis experiment featuring online monitoring of 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole (DAT) synthesis via Raman spectroscopy and the exploration of the reaction mechanism. Highlighting a synthesis that integrates instrumental analysis with scientific research, the experiment encompasses DAT synthesis, online reaction monitoring, and mechanism analysis through Raman spectroscopy. By employing chemometric techniques for the analysis of Raman spectral data, the study offers profound insights into the synthesis process, deepening the understanding of the reaction mechanism. This experiment reinforces students’ chemical knowledge, improves their practical laboratory skills, ignites their passion for scientific investigation, and develops their capabilities for research and inquiry.
2024, 39(6): 312-317
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310039
Abstract:
This study translates the research achievements of the National Undergraduate Innovation Training Program (research on electrochemical-promoted benzylic thiocyanation) into an innovative undergraduate organic chemistry experiment. Organic electrosynthesis has emerged as a prominent research area in organic synthesis due to its environmentally friendly, controllable, and easily scalable characteristics. However, the application of electrochemical-promoted organic reactions has not been widely incorporated into undergraduate organic chemistry experiments. This experiment successfully demonstrates the electrochemical-promoted thiocyanation of p-bromoethylbenzene at room temperature, utilizing readily available trimethylsilyl isothiocyanate. By integrating the outcomes of the “National Innovation Program” research into undergraduate organic chemistry experiments, students are guided to foster innovative thinking and embrace the concept of “green synthesis”.
This study translates the research achievements of the National Undergraduate Innovation Training Program (research on electrochemical-promoted benzylic thiocyanation) into an innovative undergraduate organic chemistry experiment. Organic electrosynthesis has emerged as a prominent research area in organic synthesis due to its environmentally friendly, controllable, and easily scalable characteristics. However, the application of electrochemical-promoted organic reactions has not been widely incorporated into undergraduate organic chemistry experiments. This experiment successfully demonstrates the electrochemical-promoted thiocyanation of p-bromoethylbenzene at room temperature, utilizing readily available trimethylsilyl isothiocyanate. By integrating the outcomes of the “National Innovation Program” research into undergraduate organic chemistry experiments, students are guided to foster innovative thinking and embrace the concept of “green synthesis”.
2024, 39(6): 318-325
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311038
Abstract:
Behind some romantic and magical illusions lie chemical reactions. This experiment revolves around captivating phenomena related to "crimson romance," engaging the public with a few simple and intriguing demonstrations of chemical reactions. Among these, the complexation reaction between potassium thiocyanate and iron ions produces a blood-red flocculent complex, which promptly disappears when it reacts with sodium fluoride. Additionally, the iron in hemoglobin can generate blue fluorescence when paired with luminol. By showcasing these enchanting and romantic phenomena, this study aims to disseminate chemical knowledge across various demographics, unveiling the secrets behind magical illusions and delving into the beauty of chemistry. This approach encourages individuals to adopt a scientific perspective, fostering admiration for chemistry and showcasing its inherent magic and allure, thereby igniting curiosity and passion for chemistry among students and the general public.
Behind some romantic and magical illusions lie chemical reactions. This experiment revolves around captivating phenomena related to "crimson romance," engaging the public with a few simple and intriguing demonstrations of chemical reactions. Among these, the complexation reaction between potassium thiocyanate and iron ions produces a blood-red flocculent complex, which promptly disappears when it reacts with sodium fluoride. Additionally, the iron in hemoglobin can generate blue fluorescence when paired with luminol. By showcasing these enchanting and romantic phenomena, this study aims to disseminate chemical knowledge across various demographics, unveiling the secrets behind magical illusions and delving into the beauty of chemistry. This approach encourages individuals to adopt a scientific perspective, fostering admiration for chemistry and showcasing its inherent magic and allure, thereby igniting curiosity and passion for chemistry among students and the general public.
2024, 39(6): 326-333
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310013
Abstract:
The scope of analytical chemistry experiments conducted in higher education institutions tends to be limited, predominantly focusing on traditional analytical methods and the fundamental principles of instruments. Introducing a comprehensive experimental teaching projects can significantly enhance students' abilities in independent exploration, proactive thinking, and problem-solving. This paper presents a detailed design for a comprehensive experiment using nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalyst for the degradation of phenol pollutants. The scheme involves the principles of photocatalytic degradation and electrochemical monitoring, including the assembly of both the photocatalytic degradation and electrochemical apparatus.
The scope of analytical chemistry experiments conducted in higher education institutions tends to be limited, predominantly focusing on traditional analytical methods and the fundamental principles of instruments. Introducing a comprehensive experimental teaching projects can significantly enhance students' abilities in independent exploration, proactive thinking, and problem-solving. This paper presents a detailed design for a comprehensive experiment using nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalyst for the degradation of phenol pollutants. The scheme involves the principles of photocatalytic degradation and electrochemical monitoring, including the assembly of both the photocatalytic degradation and electrochemical apparatus.
2024, 39(6): 334-341
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311064
Abstract:
Starch, a plant polysaccharide typically comprising amylose and amylopectin, exhibits a well-known property of turning blue upon encountering iodine. This color reaction, celebrated for its sensitivity, has found widespread application in experiments aimed at detecting iodine or starch. However, the coloration of starch upon iodine exposure is not always blue; rather, it varies depending on the starch composition. This study explores the diverse coloration exhibited by different food starches under various conditions (starch concentration, iodophor concentration, temperature, pH, polymerization degree), capturing the enchanting encounter between starch and iodine. Utilizing common food starches and iodophors as experimental materials, this educational experiment is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and user-friendly. By harnessing the distinct color reactions of starch and iodine, we create environmentally friendly multi-color ink, seamlessly integrating traditional calligraphy and Chinese painting techniques. Additionally, we explore captivating chemical experiments such as the magical iodine clock reaction, iodine fumigation for fingerprint analysis, and the preparation of non-Newtonian fluids from starch. With its strong appeal and broad audience reach, this experiment effectively employs gradient science popularization strategies. Through hands-on offline activities, participants experience the beauty of chemistry firsthand, fostering a deep appreciation and passion for the subject. The experiment yields significant outcomes in promoting scientific literacy and cultivating interest in chemistry among learners.
Starch, a plant polysaccharide typically comprising amylose and amylopectin, exhibits a well-known property of turning blue upon encountering iodine. This color reaction, celebrated for its sensitivity, has found widespread application in experiments aimed at detecting iodine or starch. However, the coloration of starch upon iodine exposure is not always blue; rather, it varies depending on the starch composition. This study explores the diverse coloration exhibited by different food starches under various conditions (starch concentration, iodophor concentration, temperature, pH, polymerization degree), capturing the enchanting encounter between starch and iodine. Utilizing common food starches and iodophors as experimental materials, this educational experiment is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and user-friendly. By harnessing the distinct color reactions of starch and iodine, we create environmentally friendly multi-color ink, seamlessly integrating traditional calligraphy and Chinese painting techniques. Additionally, we explore captivating chemical experiments such as the magical iodine clock reaction, iodine fumigation for fingerprint analysis, and the preparation of non-Newtonian fluids from starch. With its strong appeal and broad audience reach, this experiment effectively employs gradient science popularization strategies. Through hands-on offline activities, participants experience the beauty of chemistry firsthand, fostering a deep appreciation and passion for the subject. The experiment yields significant outcomes in promoting scientific literacy and cultivating interest in chemistry among learners.
One-Step Synthesis of Benorilate Guided by Green Chemistry Principles and in vivo Dynamic Evaluation
2024, 39(6): 342-349
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311070
Abstract:
The current synthesis of benorilate typically involves the Schotten-Baumann esterification, which generates harmful gases HCl and SO2 from the reagent SOCl2, posing environmental concerns. Moreover, the process entails multiple steps. In this study, we have optimized a one-step method using EDCI/4-DMAP esterification for the synthesis of benorilate. The product’s structure and purity were characterized through melting point determination, NMR, and HPLC-MS analysis, followed by in vivo dynamic evaluation in rats based on plasma and bile samples. This evaluation confirmed the principles of drug design. The improved method not only enhances efficiency but also significantly improves experimental safety.
The current synthesis of benorilate typically involves the Schotten-Baumann esterification, which generates harmful gases HCl and SO2 from the reagent SOCl2, posing environmental concerns. Moreover, the process entails multiple steps. In this study, we have optimized a one-step method using EDCI/4-DMAP esterification for the synthesis of benorilate. The product’s structure and purity were characterized through melting point determination, NMR, and HPLC-MS analysis, followed by in vivo dynamic evaluation in rats based on plasma and bile samples. This evaluation confirmed the principles of drug design. The improved method not only enhances efficiency but also significantly improves experimental safety.
2024, 39(6): 350-356
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312001
Abstract:
The oxidation of alcohols to ketones constitutes a crucial aspect of undergraduate organic chemistry theory. Benzophenone, the resultant product of the reaction, finds extensive applications in fields such as photoinitiators and UV-curable coatings. Compounds featuring benzophenone as their backbone also hold significance in targeted drug release. Traditional methods for benzophenone synthesis suffer from long reaction time, the use of heavy metal oxidation reagents, and the complexity of dehydrogenation catalyst preparation, limiting their suitability for undergraduate laboratory teaching. This paper presents an environmentally friendly electrochemical synthesis approach for benzophenone. The method employs potassium iodide as the electrolyte and a mixed solvent of acetonitrile and water, facilitating the direct electrolytic oxidation of diphenylmethanol to benzophenone without the need for additional oxidation or dehydrogenation agents. This improved method boasts shorter reaction time, higher yield, simplified post-processing, and employs inexpensive, readily available reagents, making it ideal for introductory organic chemistry experiments. The experiment integrates thin-layer chromatography (TLC), melting point determination, 1HNMR, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyze and identify reaction systems or products, thereby enhancing students’ proficiency in experimental operations and product identification.
The oxidation of alcohols to ketones constitutes a crucial aspect of undergraduate organic chemistry theory. Benzophenone, the resultant product of the reaction, finds extensive applications in fields such as photoinitiators and UV-curable coatings. Compounds featuring benzophenone as their backbone also hold significance in targeted drug release. Traditional methods for benzophenone synthesis suffer from long reaction time, the use of heavy metal oxidation reagents, and the complexity of dehydrogenation catalyst preparation, limiting their suitability for undergraduate laboratory teaching. This paper presents an environmentally friendly electrochemical synthesis approach for benzophenone. The method employs potassium iodide as the electrolyte and a mixed solvent of acetonitrile and water, facilitating the direct electrolytic oxidation of diphenylmethanol to benzophenone without the need for additional oxidation or dehydrogenation agents. This improved method boasts shorter reaction time, higher yield, simplified post-processing, and employs inexpensive, readily available reagents, making it ideal for introductory organic chemistry experiments. The experiment integrates thin-layer chromatography (TLC), melting point determination, 1HNMR, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyze and identify reaction systems or products, thereby enhancing students’ proficiency in experimental operations and product identification.
2024, 39(6): 357-365
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312022
Abstract:
This experiment delves into the common phenomenon of surface tension in everyday life. By systematically optimizing existing methods from the literature, we create solutions of different concentrations using a mixture of glycerol and water, with food coloring added to represent the varying concentrations. Due to the imbalance in evaporation gradient and surface tension, small droplets on hydrophilically treated glass slides exhibit behaviors such as “chasing” and “dancing”. These movements reflect a range of physical chemistry phenomena related to surface tension and evaporation. The experiment employs safe and readily available chemicals, with custom-made main devices, making it straightforward and comprehensible. With parental guidance, primary and middle school students, and even kindergarten children, can distinctly observe the chasing and fusion of droplets of different colors. This experiment is eco-friendly, safe, and visually appealing, which is beneficial for cultivating a strong interest in physical chemistry phenomena among the general public, especially primary and secondary school students.
This experiment delves into the common phenomenon of surface tension in everyday life. By systematically optimizing existing methods from the literature, we create solutions of different concentrations using a mixture of glycerol and water, with food coloring added to represent the varying concentrations. Due to the imbalance in evaporation gradient and surface tension, small droplets on hydrophilically treated glass slides exhibit behaviors such as “chasing” and “dancing”. These movements reflect a range of physical chemistry phenomena related to surface tension and evaporation. The experiment employs safe and readily available chemicals, with custom-made main devices, making it straightforward and comprehensible. With parental guidance, primary and middle school students, and even kindergarten children, can distinctly observe the chasing and fusion of droplets of different colors. This experiment is eco-friendly, safe, and visually appealing, which is beneficial for cultivating a strong interest in physical chemistry phenomena among the general public, especially primary and secondary school students.
2024, 39(6): 366-372
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312025
Abstract:
In this experiment, the influence of different impurities on chemical crystallization was explored using materials from daily life. Factors affecting crystal growth were studied, resulting in crystals with diverse morphologies. Based on these findings, a crystal landscape experiment was designed, suitable for chemical science popularization. This experiment investigated the effects of various impurities on crystal growth from both macro and micro perspectives, combining chemical science with art. It is easy to operate, cost-effective, and safe, making it accessible for participants of all ages. By stimulating interest in chemistry and promoting enthusiasm for chemical research, this experiment bridges the gap between the general public and chemical science.
In this experiment, the influence of different impurities on chemical crystallization was explored using materials from daily life. Factors affecting crystal growth were studied, resulting in crystals with diverse morphologies. Based on these findings, a crystal landscape experiment was designed, suitable for chemical science popularization. This experiment investigated the effects of various impurities on crystal growth from both macro and micro perspectives, combining chemical science with art. It is easy to operate, cost-effective, and safe, making it accessible for participants of all ages. By stimulating interest in chemistry and promoting enthusiasm for chemical research, this experiment bridges the gap between the general public and chemical science.
2024, 39(6): 373-382
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312081
Abstract:
Electrocatalysis, as a focal point in the fields of nanomaterials and energy chemistry, holds the key to futural energy storage and conversion technologies. Against the backdrop of “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality”, electrocatalytic nitrate reduction into ammonia is recognized as a green and safe technique. In order to bridge the gap between cutting-edge research and experimental teaching, we have developed a comprehensive chemical experiment centered on electrocatalytic nitrate reduction into ammonia. With an integrated design of basic knowledge, scientific studies and practical applications, this experiment contains hierarchal contents of copper-based catalysts, including its synthesis and characterization, performance exploration and applicable design. This experiment is designed to help undergraduate students gain insights into the latest advancements in electrocatalysis, master its fundamental knowledge and research methods, and foster their innovation awareness and practical application abilities.
Electrocatalysis, as a focal point in the fields of nanomaterials and energy chemistry, holds the key to futural energy storage and conversion technologies. Against the backdrop of “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality”, electrocatalytic nitrate reduction into ammonia is recognized as a green and safe technique. In order to bridge the gap between cutting-edge research and experimental teaching, we have developed a comprehensive chemical experiment centered on electrocatalytic nitrate reduction into ammonia. With an integrated design of basic knowledge, scientific studies and practical applications, this experiment contains hierarchal contents of copper-based catalysts, including its synthesis and characterization, performance exploration and applicable design. This experiment is designed to help undergraduate students gain insights into the latest advancements in electrocatalysis, master its fundamental knowledge and research methods, and foster their innovation awareness and practical application abilities.
2024, 39(6): 383-389
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312019
Abstract:
This experiment is a comprehensive chemistry experiment designed for undergraduate students’ ability level and integrated with the forefront of the photovoltaic field. A simple spin-coating method is used to prepare CsPbBr3 perovskite thin films on conductive glass surfaces. The assembly experiment of photodetector devices is incorporated to study the optical and photoelectric properties of CsPbBr3. Students can visually observe the intense green light emitted by the yellow CsPbBr3 material under UV laser irradiation, effectively stimulating their interest.
This experiment is a comprehensive chemistry experiment designed for undergraduate students’ ability level and integrated with the forefront of the photovoltaic field. A simple spin-coating method is used to prepare CsPbBr3 perovskite thin films on conductive glass surfaces. The assembly experiment of photodetector devices is incorporated to study the optical and photoelectric properties of CsPbBr3. Students can visually observe the intense green light emitted by the yellow CsPbBr3 material under UV laser irradiation, effectively stimulating their interest.
2024, 39(6): 390-399
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202403028
Abstract:
Organic-inorganic hybrid luminescent materials are highly favored in the luminescence anti-counterfeiting field due to their tunable structural and luminescent properties. This study investigates Sb(III) doped Bi(III)-based zero-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides, demonstrating the transformation from kinetic products (compound 1) to thermodynamic products (compound 2) by various crystal growth methods. X-ray powder diffraction and fluorescence spectroscopy were employed to characterize their phase and optical properties, revealing distinct differences between the two compounds. Compound 2 exhibits fluorescence quenching when exposed to distilled water and possesses robust hydrophobic properties, allowing for stable long-term storage in aqueous environments. Leveraging the exceptional color-changing properties of compound 2, a simple water-writable fluorescent anti-counterfeiting board/paper was fabricated. This experiment exemplifies the principle that “structure determines properties” and embodies the educational philosophy of “learning through application”. The experimental design and implementation aim to cultivate students' innovative thinking and enhance their abilities to analyze and solve practical issues.
Organic-inorganic hybrid luminescent materials are highly favored in the luminescence anti-counterfeiting field due to their tunable structural and luminescent properties. This study investigates Sb(III) doped Bi(III)-based zero-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides, demonstrating the transformation from kinetic products (compound 1) to thermodynamic products (compound 2) by various crystal growth methods. X-ray powder diffraction and fluorescence spectroscopy were employed to characterize their phase and optical properties, revealing distinct differences between the two compounds. Compound 2 exhibits fluorescence quenching when exposed to distilled water and possesses robust hydrophobic properties, allowing for stable long-term storage in aqueous environments. Leveraging the exceptional color-changing properties of compound 2, a simple water-writable fluorescent anti-counterfeiting board/paper was fabricated. This experiment exemplifies the principle that “structure determines properties” and embodies the educational philosophy of “learning through application”. The experimental design and implementation aim to cultivate students' innovative thinking and enhance their abilities to analyze and solve practical issues.
2024, 39(6): 400-404
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403091
Abstract:
This paper introduces fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics, including quantum state space, basis functions, and unitary transformations, to explain why the z axis appears special in atomic structure. It clarifies that in a spherically symmetric atomic structure, no direction is inherently special. The perceived special nature of the z axis primarily arises from the choice of specific basis functions used to describe the electron motion in the atom.
This paper introduces fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics, including quantum state space, basis functions, and unitary transformations, to explain why the z axis appears special in atomic structure. It clarifies that in a spherically symmetric atomic structure, no direction is inherently special. The perceived special nature of the z axis primarily arises from the choice of specific basis functions used to describe the electron motion in the atom.
