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2019 Volume 34 Issue 9
2019, 34(9): 1-12
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201904021
Abstract:
Since the Thalidomide tragedy in the 1960s, the issue of chirality has become increasingly important in the fields of novel drug development and pharmaceutical research. Enantiomers may exhibit different pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic, metabolic, and toxicological activity in living organisms. Recently, chiral High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technology combined with chiroptical spectroscopy has been widely used in separation and analysis of chiral compounds, and will play a critical role in the detection and quality control of chiral pharmaceuticals.
Since the Thalidomide tragedy in the 1960s, the issue of chirality has become increasingly important in the fields of novel drug development and pharmaceutical research. Enantiomers may exhibit different pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic, metabolic, and toxicological activity in living organisms. Recently, chiral High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technology combined with chiroptical spectroscopy has been widely used in separation and analysis of chiral compounds, and will play a critical role in the detection and quality control of chiral pharmaceuticals.
2019, 34(9): 13-20
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201905001
Abstract:
The 60Co source and its application in scientific research, such as the radiation synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials, the radiation synthesis and modification of polymeric materials, and radiation chemistry in nuclear reactors and nuclear fuel cycle, are introduced in this paper. Furthermore, the practical applications of the 60Co source in industry, agriculture and medical treatment are also presented. It is expected to guide the public to understand correctly the radiation technology so as to better serve human beings.
The 60Co source and its application in scientific research, such as the radiation synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials, the radiation synthesis and modification of polymeric materials, and radiation chemistry in nuclear reactors and nuclear fuel cycle, are introduced in this paper. Furthermore, the practical applications of the 60Co source in industry, agriculture and medical treatment are also presented. It is expected to guide the public to understand correctly the radiation technology so as to better serve human beings.
2019, 34(9): 21-25
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201906060
Abstract:
Under the current situation of "Double First-rate" construction and "Double Twenty Thousand" plan for higher education, professional certification has become a prerequisite for first-class specialty. The chemistry major of East China University of Science and Technology completed the Sino-Russian joint international professional accreditation in 2018, and obtained the highest level, the level Ⅲ certification. In this article, we will start from five aspects including fitness, achievement, satisfaction, support, and assurance, to talk about our understanding of the construction in science major and professional certification.
Under the current situation of "Double First-rate" construction and "Double Twenty Thousand" plan for higher education, professional certification has become a prerequisite for first-class specialty. The chemistry major of East China University of Science and Technology completed the Sino-Russian joint international professional accreditation in 2018, and obtained the highest level, the level Ⅲ certification. In this article, we will start from five aspects including fitness, achievement, satisfaction, support, and assurance, to talk about our understanding of the construction in science major and professional certification.
2019, 34(9): 26-31
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201901035
Abstract:
We put forward the idea of building a molecular simulation experiment course. After two-year teaching practice, we write the experiment textbook which not only covers the classic experimental projects, but also includes the frontier hot issues, and open exploration experiment. This article summarizes the teaching requirements, basic content, assessment methods, the initial achievements made so far and the prospects for the future.
We put forward the idea of building a molecular simulation experiment course. After two-year teaching practice, we write the experiment textbook which not only covers the classic experimental projects, but also includes the frontier hot issues, and open exploration experiment. This article summarizes the teaching requirements, basic content, assessment methods, the initial achievements made so far and the prospects for the future.
2019, 34(9): 32-36
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201901043
Abstract:
In view of the fact that there are no physical chemistry and structural chemistry courses in most of the non-chemistry department, the knowledge of computational chemistry of the college students is very limited. It is beneficial to quote some simulation research contents of computational chemistry properly in general chemistry teaching process. This will broaden students' vision, promote students' enthusiasm for learning, update the content of general chemistry teaching, cultivate the thinking ability, and finally improve the quality of teaching.
In view of the fact that there are no physical chemistry and structural chemistry courses in most of the non-chemistry department, the knowledge of computational chemistry of the college students is very limited. It is beneficial to quote some simulation research contents of computational chemistry properly in general chemistry teaching process. This will broaden students' vision, promote students' enthusiasm for learning, update the content of general chemistry teaching, cultivate the thinking ability, and finally improve the quality of teaching.
2019, 34(9): 37-43
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201903023
Abstract:
Natural product chemistry experiments, which train the students to master the basic skills for extraction, separation and identification of the active components of natural products, and acquaint with the research methods of natural product chemistry, are an important part of organic chemistry laboratory. This paper analyzes the common problems related to the current natural products chemistry laboratories in domestic universities. In recent years, we carried out the reforms of the teaching contents, teaching conditions, and teaching methods. The teaching practices show that the students' learning interest and efficiency, the abilities to analyze and solve problems, and the scientific research abilities have been trained and strengthened. The teachers' experimental teaching level and teaching quality have been greatly improved.
Natural product chemistry experiments, which train the students to master the basic skills for extraction, separation and identification of the active components of natural products, and acquaint with the research methods of natural product chemistry, are an important part of organic chemistry laboratory. This paper analyzes the common problems related to the current natural products chemistry laboratories in domestic universities. In recent years, we carried out the reforms of the teaching contents, teaching conditions, and teaching methods. The teaching practices show that the students' learning interest and efficiency, the abilities to analyze and solve problems, and the scientific research abilities have been trained and strengthened. The teachers' experimental teaching level and teaching quality have been greatly improved.
2019, 34(9): 44-49
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201903021
Abstract:
Biochemistry is one of the basic courses involving interdisciplinary content. For chemistry major students, we put forward specific suggestions on improving teaching, namely addition and reduction teaching. This includes streamlining and integrating the teaching content, incorporating the work of the Nobel Prize in chemistry, and adding cutting-edge interdisciplinary works. A teaching feature by combining the classical biochemistry theory and the advanced interdisciplinary research was developed.
Biochemistry is one of the basic courses involving interdisciplinary content. For chemistry major students, we put forward specific suggestions on improving teaching, namely addition and reduction teaching. This includes streamlining and integrating the teaching content, incorporating the work of the Nobel Prize in chemistry, and adding cutting-edge interdisciplinary works. A teaching feature by combining the classical biochemistry theory and the advanced interdisciplinary research was developed.
2019, 34(9): 50-56
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201903004
Abstract:
Based on the knowledge characteristics of the chapter on nitrogen group elements, and combined with the teaching experience of our excellent video open course, this paper has probed the teaching reform of inorganic elements chemistry from the following aspects:using the principle of chemistry to explain the structure and properties of substances, designing problems to guide students to think and cultivate their learning ability, instructing students to be good at inducing the changing laws of material properties, paying attention to the relationship between the elements and compounds and practices of production and life. It aims to guide students to learn, memorize and master the knowledge of element chemistry effectively, and improve the quality of classroom teaching.
Based on the knowledge characteristics of the chapter on nitrogen group elements, and combined with the teaching experience of our excellent video open course, this paper has probed the teaching reform of inorganic elements chemistry from the following aspects:using the principle of chemistry to explain the structure and properties of substances, designing problems to guide students to think and cultivate their learning ability, instructing students to be good at inducing the changing laws of material properties, paying attention to the relationship between the elements and compounds and practices of production and life. It aims to guide students to learn, memorize and master the knowledge of element chemistry effectively, and improve the quality of classroom teaching.
2019, 34(9): 57-63
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201903028
Abstract:
The rapid development of internet technology has made the access to knowledge more convenient and diverse, which is both an opportunity and a challenge for traditional teaching methods. By analyzing and comparing the characteristics of four advanced teaching methods and techniques, and addressing the specific curriculum features and students' situation, a new mixed teaching model was constructed by Traditional Classroom Teaching Model (TCTM), Small Private Online Course (SPOC) and Flipping Classroom Model (FCM). The proportion of the three teaching methods was about 50%:35%:15%, respectively. By striving to combine their strengths and develop students' learning and reasoning ability gradually, the proposed mode achieved a satisfactory teaching effect.
The rapid development of internet technology has made the access to knowledge more convenient and diverse, which is both an opportunity and a challenge for traditional teaching methods. By analyzing and comparing the characteristics of four advanced teaching methods and techniques, and addressing the specific curriculum features and students' situation, a new mixed teaching model was constructed by Traditional Classroom Teaching Model (TCTM), Small Private Online Course (SPOC) and Flipping Classroom Model (FCM). The proportion of the three teaching methods was about 50%:35%:15%, respectively. By striving to combine their strengths and develop students' learning and reasoning ability gradually, the proposed mode achieved a satisfactory teaching effect.
2019, 34(9): 64-69
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201901044
Abstract:
Experimental chemistry is an important public foundation course for the undergraduate student during their first year at Shihezi University. This paper introduces the teaching status and implementation of the experimental chemistry curriculum. Based on the student activities, this paper firstly constructs flipped learning mode of the experimental chemistry, combining the curriculum resource preparation with online and offline teaching. Secondly, the experimental chemistry curriculum takes deep integration of information technology and classroom teaching as an opportunity. Furthermore, the teaching implementation is carried out by the network teaching platform of Shihezi university. Finally, the student's questionnaire displays that it works well in improving the teaching quality.
Experimental chemistry is an important public foundation course for the undergraduate student during their first year at Shihezi University. This paper introduces the teaching status and implementation of the experimental chemistry curriculum. Based on the student activities, this paper firstly constructs flipped learning mode of the experimental chemistry, combining the curriculum resource preparation with online and offline teaching. Secondly, the experimental chemistry curriculum takes deep integration of information technology and classroom teaching as an opportunity. Furthermore, the teaching implementation is carried out by the network teaching platform of Shihezi university. Finally, the student's questionnaire displays that it works well in improving the teaching quality.
2019, 34(9): 70-74
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201907035
Abstract:
In recent years, SPOC in the campus has been one of the main directions of college curriculum reform. Analytical chemistry is a key component of teaching in chemistry and chemical engineering major. It plays an important role in cultivating students' practical ability, scientific literacy and innovative ability. This paper introduces the reform trials of the analytical chemistry course based on SPOC teaching platform in the chemistry teaching team of Changsha University of Science and Technology. The experience and problems in the teaching process, as well as the consideration on the future construction of analytical chemistry SPOC teaching are described.
In recent years, SPOC in the campus has been one of the main directions of college curriculum reform. Analytical chemistry is a key component of teaching in chemistry and chemical engineering major. It plays an important role in cultivating students' practical ability, scientific literacy and innovative ability. This paper introduces the reform trials of the analytical chemistry course based on SPOC teaching platform in the chemistry teaching team of Changsha University of Science and Technology. The experience and problems in the teaching process, as well as the consideration on the future construction of analytical chemistry SPOC teaching are described.
2019, 34(9): 75-79
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201903009
Abstract:
The universal gas constant R is an important constant in physics, and one of the vital fundamental constant throughout the teaching of general chemistry. This article aims to present a general review about the universal gas constant to the science and engineering majored students, including its history, determination, physical meaning and applications in chemical education. The choice of R values under various conditions is also provided to help students better understand and master basic concepts.
The universal gas constant R is an important constant in physics, and one of the vital fundamental constant throughout the teaching of general chemistry. This article aims to present a general review about the universal gas constant to the science and engineering majored students, including its history, determination, physical meaning and applications in chemical education. The choice of R values under various conditions is also provided to help students better understand and master basic concepts.
2019, 34(9): 80-86
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201904018
Abstract:
Based on the theme of "chemical awareness and safety accident response capability", this paper conducts a questionnaire survey for college students. In response to the survey results, scientific, popular, and novel offline activities/online publicity will be used to popularize chemical basics, relevant laws and regulations, and chemical safety accident emergency response methods for university students. The aim is to improve the level of understanding of various types of chemicals among college students. In the event of sudden chemical safety incidents, corrective measures can be taken, and useful information can be accurately identified after a chemical accident.
Based on the theme of "chemical awareness and safety accident response capability", this paper conducts a questionnaire survey for college students. In response to the survey results, scientific, popular, and novel offline activities/online publicity will be used to popularize chemical basics, relevant laws and regulations, and chemical safety accident emergency response methods for university students. The aim is to improve the level of understanding of various types of chemicals among college students. In the event of sudden chemical safety incidents, corrective measures can be taken, and useful information can be accurately identified after a chemical accident.
2019, 34(9): 87-90
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201905053
Abstract:
A little experiment concerning the pyrocondensation materials was introduced in this paper. The aim was to help the public understand the principles of entropy induced deformation of polymer materials.
A little experiment concerning the pyrocondensation materials was introduced in this paper. The aim was to help the public understand the principles of entropy induced deformation of polymer materials.
2019, 34(9): 91-94
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201903014
Abstract:
Instead of calcium chloride, we used egg shells as material in the experiment for synthesis of calcium peroxide. This could help to improve students' environmental consciousness and stimulate students' interest in experiment. We designed procedures for egg shells pre-treatment and the synthesis of calcium peroxide, which were suitable for students. The amount of hydrogen peroxide and ammonia was optimized. The yield of anhydrous calcium peroxide was about 70% with a great than 75% purity.
Instead of calcium chloride, we used egg shells as material in the experiment for synthesis of calcium peroxide. This could help to improve students' environmental consciousness and stimulate students' interest in experiment. We designed procedures for egg shells pre-treatment and the synthesis of calcium peroxide, which were suitable for students. The amount of hydrogen peroxide and ammonia was optimized. The yield of anhydrous calcium peroxide was about 70% with a great than 75% purity.
2019, 34(9): 95-100
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201903002
Abstract:
This paper introduces the recent improvements and developments of glassware managements in the chemistry laboratories of Nanjing University. Considering the importance of glassware in university chemistry experiments (UCEs) laboratories, the self-service management for glassware reservation and compensation system has been developed. This novel management model evidently reduces the workload of technicians and leads to more efficient laboratory operations, which has been proved by practice. In addition, the damage of glassware in UCEs in recent years was evaluated. From the viewpoint of problems in glassware damaging, an effective rectification scheme and further developments have been proposed, and then the self-service Cloud-cabinets has been put forward. Our practice proves that the Cloud-cabinet for glassware reservation system can make a great seamless connection between students and technicians based on the platform and booking terminals, which has produced a safer and more convenient pattern for glassware claims and compensations.
This paper introduces the recent improvements and developments of glassware managements in the chemistry laboratories of Nanjing University. Considering the importance of glassware in university chemistry experiments (UCEs) laboratories, the self-service management for glassware reservation and compensation system has been developed. This novel management model evidently reduces the workload of technicians and leads to more efficient laboratory operations, which has been proved by practice. In addition, the damage of glassware in UCEs in recent years was evaluated. From the viewpoint of problems in glassware damaging, an effective rectification scheme and further developments have been proposed, and then the self-service Cloud-cabinets has been put forward. Our practice proves that the Cloud-cabinet for glassware reservation system can make a great seamless connection between students and technicians based on the platform and booking terminals, which has produced a safer and more convenient pattern for glassware claims and compensations.
2019, 34(9): 101-105
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201903034
Abstract:
A new experiment, Recycle of cobalt and silver, has been designed, based on the original experiment "Preparation and analyses of complex[Co(NH3)6]Cl3". Both cobalt and silver are heavy metals, which can cause serious environmental pollution. In our experiments, cobalt chloride was recovered from the product[Co(NH3)6]Cl3, and silver nitrate was extracted from the byproduct in the process of chlorine content determination. Therefore, both the above-mentioned heavy metals can be recycled. Our experimental design has been proved to be able to promote studying interests of students, enhance environmental awareness of students, and in the meantime reduce experimental costs.
A new experiment, Recycle of cobalt and silver, has been designed, based on the original experiment "Preparation and analyses of complex[Co(NH3)6]Cl3". Both cobalt and silver are heavy metals, which can cause serious environmental pollution. In our experiments, cobalt chloride was recovered from the product[Co(NH3)6]Cl3, and silver nitrate was extracted from the byproduct in the process of chlorine content determination. Therefore, both the above-mentioned heavy metals can be recycled. Our experimental design has been proved to be able to promote studying interests of students, enhance environmental awareness of students, and in the meantime reduce experimental costs.
2019, 34(9): 106-109
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201902003
Abstract:
Two serials of tetrasubstituted benzene compounds containing fluoro group were designed and synthesized. The other three substitutes are sequentially the para, meta, and ortho to fluoro group. The obtained compounds were all mixtures as confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopies. The spectra clearly show the proximity and remote interaction between fluorine atom and hydrogen atom. In addition, the two spectra, one showing the overlapping peaks, one not, can be used as the simple and typical example of 1H NMR spectra of mixtures.
Two serials of tetrasubstituted benzene compounds containing fluoro group were designed and synthesized. The other three substitutes are sequentially the para, meta, and ortho to fluoro group. The obtained compounds were all mixtures as confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopies. The spectra clearly show the proximity and remote interaction between fluorine atom and hydrogen atom. In addition, the two spectra, one showing the overlapping peaks, one not, can be used as the simple and typical example of 1H NMR spectra of mixtures.
2019, 34(9): 110-115
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201903017
Abstract:
Calculation of K-band position of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds is the key and difficult point in the chapter of Ultraviolet-Visible Absorption Spectroscopy in Introduction to Spectroscopy. In teaching, it is found that students always have various problems in the process of calculating K-band position, so it's hard for students to get the right results. This paper gives a detailed introduction to the calculation method and matters needing attention, where are further illustrated by examples. We will try to help students learn and master the problem of K-band position calculation.
Calculation of K-band position of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds is the key and difficult point in the chapter of Ultraviolet-Visible Absorption Spectroscopy in Introduction to Spectroscopy. In teaching, it is found that students always have various problems in the process of calculating K-band position, so it's hard for students to get the right results. This paper gives a detailed introduction to the calculation method and matters needing attention, where are further illustrated by examples. We will try to help students learn and master the problem of K-band position calculation.
2019, 34(9): 116-120
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201903031
Abstract:
The differences between "Nomenclature of Organic Compounds-2017" and "Nonmenclature of Organic Chemistry (1980)" issued by Chinese Chemical Society are described. The general principles and numbering methods for naming substituent groups commonly used in organic chemistry for undergraduates are analyzed and explained; the proper systematic names are recommended to benefit classroom teaching and academic communication. Moreover, the principles such as systemization, standardization, simplification, uniformization, and "looking afterward" are proposed. Some recommendations are further presented:1) numbering the carbon skeleton of the substituent without compulsory numbering rule always begins at the point of attachment; 2) only preserving a minority of trivial names (common names); 3) naming methanoyl (formyl)-analogue groups following the name of methanoyl.
The differences between "Nomenclature of Organic Compounds-2017" and "Nonmenclature of Organic Chemistry (1980)" issued by Chinese Chemical Society are described. The general principles and numbering methods for naming substituent groups commonly used in organic chemistry for undergraduates are analyzed and explained; the proper systematic names are recommended to benefit classroom teaching and academic communication. Moreover, the principles such as systemization, standardization, simplification, uniformization, and "looking afterward" are proposed. Some recommendations are further presented:1) numbering the carbon skeleton of the substituent without compulsory numbering rule always begins at the point of attachment; 2) only preserving a minority of trivial names (common names); 3) naming methanoyl (formyl)-analogue groups following the name of methanoyl.
2019, 34(9): 121-124
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201903026
Abstract:
The Chemical Society founded in the era of The Reform Movement of 1898 was the first chemical society in China. Through the research on its background and the cause of its establishment, it was found that it played an exemplary role in the establishment and development of the chemical society.
The Chemical Society founded in the era of The Reform Movement of 1898 was the first chemical society in China. Through the research on its background and the cause of its establishment, it was found that it played an exemplary role in the establishment and development of the chemical society.
2019, 34(9): 125-134
doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201903032
Abstract:
Element chemistry is a highly empirical subject, and descriptive or enumerative methods depicting the nature of elements can be seen in textbooks and publications. In the Scifinder database, millions of new compounds found every year considerably enhance the understanding of element chemistry. With the rapid development of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, the chemists' long-term experimental experience and intuition, though precious, fail to meet the demand of molecular properties for the material and molecule design in efficiency. Massive data sources in the database provides a brand-new opportunity to discover new rules. We apply big-data methods to analyze the structural properties of the rare-earth coordination compounds, by gathering statistics from the Cambridge Structural Database System and classifying the entries quantitatively. We also give the general rules by analyzing the data and some representative examples. Based on the results and the problems in research, we summarize and outlook the application of big-data in chemistry.
Element chemistry is a highly empirical subject, and descriptive or enumerative methods depicting the nature of elements can be seen in textbooks and publications. In the Scifinder database, millions of new compounds found every year considerably enhance the understanding of element chemistry. With the rapid development of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, the chemists' long-term experimental experience and intuition, though precious, fail to meet the demand of molecular properties for the material and molecule design in efficiency. Massive data sources in the database provides a brand-new opportunity to discover new rules. We apply big-data methods to analyze the structural properties of the rare-earth coordination compounds, by gathering statistics from the Cambridge Structural Database System and classifying the entries quantitatively. We also give the general rules by analyzing the data and some representative examples. Based on the results and the problems in research, we summarize and outlook the application of big-data in chemistry.
