Login In
2019 Volume 36 Issue 3
2019, 36(3): 245-258
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2019.03.180305
Abstract:
Graphene is a two-dimensional material with excellent properties such as good electrical and thermal conductivity, high carrier mobility, and good transmissivity endowed by its sp2 hybrid planar honeycomb structure. It shows great application prospect in electronic devices. This article reviewed the research progress in the application of graphene in integrated circuits, graphene field effect transistors, graphene organic light-emitting diodes, and chemical sensors.
Graphene is a two-dimensional material with excellent properties such as good electrical and thermal conductivity, high carrier mobility, and good transmissivity endowed by its sp2 hybrid planar honeycomb structure. It shows great application prospect in electronic devices. This article reviewed the research progress in the application of graphene in integrated circuits, graphene field effect transistors, graphene organic light-emitting diodes, and chemical sensors.
2019, 36(3): 259-268
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2019.03.180241
Abstract:
Two-dimensional(2D) layered graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets(CNNS) have an anisotropic two-dimensional geometry and aromatic p-π conjugated backbone, a highly open planar structure and high specific surface area, and enhanced charge-carriers transfer rate and adjustable band gap related to the layer thickness, and become one of the top two-dimensional layered materials for research. This article reviews various preparation and modification methods and applications of carbon nitride nanosheets in environmental protection, energy conversion, and biosensing, etc., in recent years. Finally, it can be concluded that exploring the new preparation methods of carbon nitride nanosheets with high quality and finding more applications of the photocatalysis are the focus of the future research.
Two-dimensional(2D) layered graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets(CNNS) have an anisotropic two-dimensional geometry and aromatic p-π conjugated backbone, a highly open planar structure and high specific surface area, and enhanced charge-carriers transfer rate and adjustable band gap related to the layer thickness, and become one of the top two-dimensional layered materials for research. This article reviews various preparation and modification methods and applications of carbon nitride nanosheets in environmental protection, energy conversion, and biosensing, etc., in recent years. Finally, it can be concluded that exploring the new preparation methods of carbon nitride nanosheets with high quality and finding more applications of the photocatalysis are the focus of the future research.
2019, 36(3): 269-281
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2019.03.180249
Abstract:
In the field of biology and biomedical science, it is of significance to image microscopic targets inside cells with high precision to afford accurate information for diagnosis. Since the emergence of optical microscope, it has been used as a powerful tool to provide precise results, achieving the visualization of tiny objects. However, due to the optical diffraction limit(~200 nm), it is difficult to distinguish the objects less than 200 nm in size, in particular, a lot of significant biological targets with size less than 200 nm in cells, which blocks further advancement of biology science. Recently, with the development of fluorescent probes, imaging system and reconstruction algorithm, superresolution imaging microscopy is emerging as an advanced technique capable of overcoming the limit of optical diffraction, which shows potentials in the study of tiny targets below optical diffraction limit. Among superresolution imaging nanoscopies, single molecule localization microscopies(SMLM), such as photo activation localization microscopy(PALM) and stochastically optical reconstruction microscopy(STORM), show typical advantages over other strategies. Smart fluorescent probes play key roles in PALM/STORM microscopy, of which the photophysical properties typically determine the imaging resolution. Therefore, it is of significance to develop fluorescent probes with excellent optical properties to achieve ultrafine structure imaging of interest inside single cell. In this work, we will mainly focus on recent progress on organic probes for single molecule localization microscopy, including working principles, selection criteria, designing strategies of fluorescent probe and their biological applications. Furthermore, we will also cover on the discussion of the shortcomings remaining to be solved in the future and figure out the possible advancement of SMLM to facilitate the researchers who are interested in or initially step into the area of super-resolution imaging microscopy with theoretical assistance.
In the field of biology and biomedical science, it is of significance to image microscopic targets inside cells with high precision to afford accurate information for diagnosis. Since the emergence of optical microscope, it has been used as a powerful tool to provide precise results, achieving the visualization of tiny objects. However, due to the optical diffraction limit(~200 nm), it is difficult to distinguish the objects less than 200 nm in size, in particular, a lot of significant biological targets with size less than 200 nm in cells, which blocks further advancement of biology science. Recently, with the development of fluorescent probes, imaging system and reconstruction algorithm, superresolution imaging microscopy is emerging as an advanced technique capable of overcoming the limit of optical diffraction, which shows potentials in the study of tiny targets below optical diffraction limit. Among superresolution imaging nanoscopies, single molecule localization microscopies(SMLM), such as photo activation localization microscopy(PALM) and stochastically optical reconstruction microscopy(STORM), show typical advantages over other strategies. Smart fluorescent probes play key roles in PALM/STORM microscopy, of which the photophysical properties typically determine the imaging resolution. Therefore, it is of significance to develop fluorescent probes with excellent optical properties to achieve ultrafine structure imaging of interest inside single cell. In this work, we will mainly focus on recent progress on organic probes for single molecule localization microscopy, including working principles, selection criteria, designing strategies of fluorescent probe and their biological applications. Furthermore, we will also cover on the discussion of the shortcomings remaining to be solved in the future and figure out the possible advancement of SMLM to facilitate the researchers who are interested in or initially step into the area of super-resolution imaging microscopy with theoretical assistance.
2019, 36(3): 282-290
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2019.03.180216
Abstract:
Two ferrocene-based isomeric chalcone derivatives 1-ferrocenly-3-(thiophen-2-yl) prop-2-en-1-one(a) and 1-(ferrocenly)-3-(thiophen-3-yl) prop-2-en-1-one(b) were synthesized. Their third-order nonlinear optical properties were measured by Z-scan technique with ultrafast laser operating at 532 nm laser in 180 fs pulse, respectively. The relevant parameters were given as follows:the nonlinear absorption coefficient β=-2.1×10-12 m/W, the nonlinear refractive index n2=1.9×10-19 m2/W and the third-order nonlinear hyperpolarizability γ=5.37×10-32 esu for compound a; β=-1.2×10-13 m/W, n2=2.0×10-19 m2/W and γ=4.48×10-32 esu for compound b. The results indicate that the excitation of femtosecond laser enables intramolecular charge transfer to occur quickly. Thus two compounds can exhibit ultrafast third-order nonlinear optical response. The orbital energies, polarizabilities and possession ratios of different groups in frontier molecular orbitals of compounds a and b were calculated by B3LYP/6-311+G(d, p) level. The percentage of ferrocene group in the frontier molecular orbitals of compounds a and b is 97% and 98%, respectively, which indicates that ferrocene group plays a leading role in the nonlinear optical properties of two compounds.
Two ferrocene-based isomeric chalcone derivatives 1-ferrocenly-3-(thiophen-2-yl) prop-2-en-1-one(a) and 1-(ferrocenly)-3-(thiophen-3-yl) prop-2-en-1-one(b) were synthesized. Their third-order nonlinear optical properties were measured by Z-scan technique with ultrafast laser operating at 532 nm laser in 180 fs pulse, respectively. The relevant parameters were given as follows:the nonlinear absorption coefficient β=-2.1×10-12 m/W, the nonlinear refractive index n2=1.9×10-19 m2/W and the third-order nonlinear hyperpolarizability γ=5.37×10-32 esu for compound a; β=-1.2×10-13 m/W, n2=2.0×10-19 m2/W and γ=4.48×10-32 esu for compound b. The results indicate that the excitation of femtosecond laser enables intramolecular charge transfer to occur quickly. Thus two compounds can exhibit ultrafast third-order nonlinear optical response. The orbital energies, polarizabilities and possession ratios of different groups in frontier molecular orbitals of compounds a and b were calculated by B3LYP/6-311+G(d, p) level. The percentage of ferrocene group in the frontier molecular orbitals of compounds a and b is 97% and 98%, respectively, which indicates that ferrocene group plays a leading role in the nonlinear optical properties of two compounds.
2019, 36(3): 291-299
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2019.03.180189
Abstract:
Molecular sieve catalysts with different pore structures and acidity were prepared by acid pickling and alkali washing modification of β-molecular sieve with n(Si):n(Al)=15:1. The structure, properties, and the application of β-molecular sieve catalysts in alkylation of benzene were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption, NH3-TPD(temperature programmed desorption) and Py-FTIR(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). The results show that hydrochloric acid leaching can enlarge the pore size, specific surface area and pore volume of β-molecular sieve, but weaken the acidity, while the sodium hydroxide solution leaching results in the collapse of molecular sieve skeleton, leading to the destruction of the acidity and the pore structure. Modification by urea not only improves the pore structure of molecular sieve, but also has little effect on the acidity of molecular sieve. It is a mild and effective way to modify the molecular sieve. β-molecular sieve catalyst modified with urea has the best activity in alkylation of benzene with coal-based cold trap oil:the conversion of olefin is 91.2%, and the selectivities of 2-HAB(heavy alkylbenzene) and 3-HAB isomers are 50.1% and 33.55%, respectively, accounting for 84% of the total alkylation product.
Molecular sieve catalysts with different pore structures and acidity were prepared by acid pickling and alkali washing modification of β-molecular sieve with n(Si):n(Al)=15:1. The structure, properties, and the application of β-molecular sieve catalysts in alkylation of benzene were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption, NH3-TPD(temperature programmed desorption) and Py-FTIR(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). The results show that hydrochloric acid leaching can enlarge the pore size, specific surface area and pore volume of β-molecular sieve, but weaken the acidity, while the sodium hydroxide solution leaching results in the collapse of molecular sieve skeleton, leading to the destruction of the acidity and the pore structure. Modification by urea not only improves the pore structure of molecular sieve, but also has little effect on the acidity of molecular sieve. It is a mild and effective way to modify the molecular sieve. β-molecular sieve catalyst modified with urea has the best activity in alkylation of benzene with coal-based cold trap oil:the conversion of olefin is 91.2%, and the selectivities of 2-HAB(heavy alkylbenzene) and 3-HAB isomers are 50.1% and 33.55%, respectively, accounting for 84% of the total alkylation product.
2019, 36(3): 300-305
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2019.03.180200
Abstract:
In order to develop the efficient synthesis of α-adenine arabinoside, the key intermediate 9-α-D-(2', 3', 5'-tri-O-acetyl)-6-chloropurineside was obtained in 85% yield from the condensation of 6-chloropurine and 1, 2, 3, 5-tetra-O-acetatyl-β-D-arabinose under solvent-and catalyst-free conditions with microwave irradiation. α-Adenine arabinoside was synthesized from the intermediate via deacetylation catalyzed by Na2CO3, followed by aminolysis in saturated NH3/CH3OH in one pot. The intermediate was obtained in consist yield even on a 100 g scale. The analogues α-2-fluoroadenine arabinoside and α-2-aminoadenine arabinoside were obtained via similar method.
In order to develop the efficient synthesis of α-adenine arabinoside, the key intermediate 9-α-D-(2', 3', 5'-tri-O-acetyl)-6-chloropurineside was obtained in 85% yield from the condensation of 6-chloropurine and 1, 2, 3, 5-tetra-O-acetatyl-β-D-arabinose under solvent-and catalyst-free conditions with microwave irradiation. α-Adenine arabinoside was synthesized from the intermediate via deacetylation catalyzed by Na2CO3, followed by aminolysis in saturated NH3/CH3OH in one pot. The intermediate was obtained in consist yield even on a 100 g scale. The analogues α-2-fluoroadenine arabinoside and α-2-aminoadenine arabinoside were obtained via similar method.
2019, 36(3): 306-313
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2019.03.180229
Abstract:
Three kinds of novel polyesters containing 8-hydroxyquinoline side groups(P7~P9) were synthesized, and subsequently their zinc complexes(P7-Zn~P9-Zn) and aluminum complexes(P7-Al~P9-Al) were obtained by reactions with zinc acetate and aluminum chloride, respectively. The structures and properties of polyesters and their metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared(IR), ultraviolet-visable spectroscopy(UV-Vis), proton nuclear magnetic resonance(1H NMR), gel permeation chromatography(GPC), thermogravimetric analysis(TG), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The polyesters obtained are soluble in N, N-dimethyl formamide(DMF), N, N-dimethyl acetamide(DMAC), dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO), and N-methyl pyrrolidone(NMP). Complexes P7-Zn~P9-Zn and P7-Al~P9-Al can be partially dissolved in DMF, DMAC, DMSO and NMP. The Mw and polydispersity index(PDI) of P7~P9 are 1.79×104, 2.14×104 and 2.52×104 g/mol and 1.54, 1.64 and 1.72, respectively. The 5% mass loss temperatures of P7~P9, P7-Zn~P9-Zn and P7-Al~P9-Al are 291.6, 291.3, 284.9, 348.7, 339.2, 334.6, 316.1, 316.7 and 316.0℃, respectively. The glass transition temperatures(Tg) of P7~P9 are 121.8, 106.2 and 91.3℃, respectively, and Tg of their metal complexes are all higher than 180℃. Fluorescence emission peaks of P7~P9 in DMF solution appear at 413~418 nm, emitting weak purple light. Fluorescence emission peaks of P7-Zn~P9-Zn and P7-Al~P9-Al in DMF solution emerged at 509~513 and 485~487 nm, respectively, emitting strong green light, Fluorescence emission peaks of P7-Zn~P9-Zn and P7-Al~P9-Al in solid state located at 516~519 and 492~497 nm, respectively, emitting strong green light. The fluorescence quantum yields of P7~P9, P7-Zn~P9-Zn and P7-Al~P9-Al are 5.5%~8.4%, 21%~28% and 23%~29%, respectively.
Three kinds of novel polyesters containing 8-hydroxyquinoline side groups(P7~P9) were synthesized, and subsequently their zinc complexes(P7-Zn~P9-Zn) and aluminum complexes(P7-Al~P9-Al) were obtained by reactions with zinc acetate and aluminum chloride, respectively. The structures and properties of polyesters and their metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared(IR), ultraviolet-visable spectroscopy(UV-Vis), proton nuclear magnetic resonance(1H NMR), gel permeation chromatography(GPC), thermogravimetric analysis(TG), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The polyesters obtained are soluble in N, N-dimethyl formamide(DMF), N, N-dimethyl acetamide(DMAC), dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO), and N-methyl pyrrolidone(NMP). Complexes P7-Zn~P9-Zn and P7-Al~P9-Al can be partially dissolved in DMF, DMAC, DMSO and NMP. The Mw and polydispersity index(PDI) of P7~P9 are 1.79×104, 2.14×104 and 2.52×104 g/mol and 1.54, 1.64 and 1.72, respectively. The 5% mass loss temperatures of P7~P9, P7-Zn~P9-Zn and P7-Al~P9-Al are 291.6, 291.3, 284.9, 348.7, 339.2, 334.6, 316.1, 316.7 and 316.0℃, respectively. The glass transition temperatures(Tg) of P7~P9 are 121.8, 106.2 and 91.3℃, respectively, and Tg of their metal complexes are all higher than 180℃. Fluorescence emission peaks of P7~P9 in DMF solution appear at 413~418 nm, emitting weak purple light. Fluorescence emission peaks of P7-Zn~P9-Zn and P7-Al~P9-Al in DMF solution emerged at 509~513 and 485~487 nm, respectively, emitting strong green light, Fluorescence emission peaks of P7-Zn~P9-Zn and P7-Al~P9-Al in solid state located at 516~519 and 492~497 nm, respectively, emitting strong green light. The fluorescence quantum yields of P7~P9, P7-Zn~P9-Zn and P7-Al~P9-Al are 5.5%~8.4%, 21%~28% and 23%~29%, respectively.
2019, 36(3): 314-323
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2019.03.180220
Abstract:
The development of efficient and stable photocatalysts is highly desired and significantly critical for the current environmental field. In this paper, a novel Ag/NH2-MIL-125(Ti) was successfully prepared by solvothermal coupled with simple ultraviolet(UV) reduction method. The morphology, structure and optical properties of as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra(DRS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The photo-reduction performance of obtained catalysts were tested on Cr(Ⅵ) removal in various conditions. Under visible light irradiation(λ ≥ 420 nm), the catalysts dosage, heavy metal concentration, pH and hole scavenger were fully investigated to optimize the best Cr(Ⅵ) reduction parameters. The results indicate that Ag/NH2-MIL-125(Ti) exhibits excellent adsorption and photo-reduction activities on Cr(Ⅵ), which is 3.11 times higher than that of NH2-MIL-125(Ti). This special "sesame cakes" and heterojunction formation of Ag/NH2-MIL-125(Ti) are attributed to enhancing Cr(Ⅵ) catalytic reduction performance. Meanwhile, through the control experiments, the main active species during the photo-reduction route were suggested and the mechanism of the Cr(Ⅵ) reduction was proposed. This study will provide theoretical and experimental guidance for the application of novel metal-organic framework(MOF) composites in the field of environmental remediation.
The development of efficient and stable photocatalysts is highly desired and significantly critical for the current environmental field. In this paper, a novel Ag/NH2-MIL-125(Ti) was successfully prepared by solvothermal coupled with simple ultraviolet(UV) reduction method. The morphology, structure and optical properties of as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra(DRS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The photo-reduction performance of obtained catalysts were tested on Cr(Ⅵ) removal in various conditions. Under visible light irradiation(λ ≥ 420 nm), the catalysts dosage, heavy metal concentration, pH and hole scavenger were fully investigated to optimize the best Cr(Ⅵ) reduction parameters. The results indicate that Ag/NH2-MIL-125(Ti) exhibits excellent adsorption and photo-reduction activities on Cr(Ⅵ), which is 3.11 times higher than that of NH2-MIL-125(Ti). This special "sesame cakes" and heterojunction formation of Ag/NH2-MIL-125(Ti) are attributed to enhancing Cr(Ⅵ) catalytic reduction performance. Meanwhile, through the control experiments, the main active species during the photo-reduction route were suggested and the mechanism of the Cr(Ⅵ) reduction was proposed. This study will provide theoretical and experimental guidance for the application of novel metal-organic framework(MOF) composites in the field of environmental remediation.
2019, 36(3): 324-334
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2019.03.180112
Abstract:
Attapulgite clay(ATP) supported nano TiO2-Fe3O4(TiO2-Fe3O4-ATP) adsorbents were prepared by sol-gel method in one-pot, and its adsorption and desorption properties of Cr(Ⅵ) in simulated wastewater were studied. The structure and contents of the adsorbent were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR) and EDS before and after nano TiO2-Fe3O4 loading, The effects of the ratio of reactants, adsorption time, pH value, temperature, dosage and initial concentration on the adsorption rate of Cr(Ⅵ) were studied. The best performance of the adsorbents was observed when the molar fraction of Ti in the total loading is 75%. The attapulgite adsorbent loaded with nano TiO2 and Fe3O4 has better adsorption effect on the removal of Cr(Ⅵ) when the mass of adsorbent is 0.6 g. When the initial concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) is less than 0.8 mg/L and the pH value is 6 at 20℃, the adsorption rate of Cr(Ⅵ) reached 79.8%. The adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) by TiO2-Fe3O4-ATP can be described by Freundlich equation. At 20~40℃, the free energy(△G), enthalpy(△H) and entropy(△S) changes of the adsorption process were calculated. The results show that △G < 0, △S=-43.55 J/(mol·K), △H=-14.36 kJ/mol, indicating that the adsorption is spontaneous, exothermic and entropy reduction. Pseudo-first-order kinetic model, pseudo-second-order kinetic model and shell progressive model were studied for the kinetic data. The result shows that the adsorption process fits the quasi-second-order kinetic model. The rate control step of adsorption is mainly surface chemical reaction. The adsorption rate of TiO2-Fe3O4-ATP adsorbent can reach more than 65% after 4 times of recycling.
Attapulgite clay(ATP) supported nano TiO2-Fe3O4(TiO2-Fe3O4-ATP) adsorbents were prepared by sol-gel method in one-pot, and its adsorption and desorption properties of Cr(Ⅵ) in simulated wastewater were studied. The structure and contents of the adsorbent were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR) and EDS before and after nano TiO2-Fe3O4 loading, The effects of the ratio of reactants, adsorption time, pH value, temperature, dosage and initial concentration on the adsorption rate of Cr(Ⅵ) were studied. The best performance of the adsorbents was observed when the molar fraction of Ti in the total loading is 75%. The attapulgite adsorbent loaded with nano TiO2 and Fe3O4 has better adsorption effect on the removal of Cr(Ⅵ) when the mass of adsorbent is 0.6 g. When the initial concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) is less than 0.8 mg/L and the pH value is 6 at 20℃, the adsorption rate of Cr(Ⅵ) reached 79.8%. The adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) by TiO2-Fe3O4-ATP can be described by Freundlich equation. At 20~40℃, the free energy(△G), enthalpy(△H) and entropy(△S) changes of the adsorption process were calculated. The results show that △G < 0, △S=-43.55 J/(mol·K), △H=-14.36 kJ/mol, indicating that the adsorption is spontaneous, exothermic and entropy reduction. Pseudo-first-order kinetic model, pseudo-second-order kinetic model and shell progressive model were studied for the kinetic data. The result shows that the adsorption process fits the quasi-second-order kinetic model. The rate control step of adsorption is mainly surface chemical reaction. The adsorption rate of TiO2-Fe3O4-ATP adsorbent can reach more than 65% after 4 times of recycling.
2019, 36(3): 335-340
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2019.03.180227
Abstract:
To establish a green and efficient method to extract the precious metal palladium, we used an aqueous biphasic system(ABS) formed by "green solvent" ionic liquids and potassium phosphate to extract Pd(Ⅱ) without additional extractants. We also determined the binodal curves and tie-lines of 6 imidazolium-based ionic liquids by turbidity point method. The results indicate that there is no significant difference in phase forming ability and extraction rate between chloride-based and bromide-based ionic liquids. The hydrophobicity of the side chain on the cation is one of the key factors affecting phase forming ability of ionic liquids. Compared to ionic liquid without functional groups on the side chain of cation, the introduction of amino group and nitrile group on the side chain reduces the phase forming ability, but increases the extraction rate by 11.57% and 34.26%, respectively. Moreover, the extraction rate by ionic liquid with nitrile group could reach 100% when the concentrations of ionic liquid and potassium phosphate were 5.00% and 39.55%, respectively. The conclusions of this work could provide theoretical basis and data support for the design or choose of ionic liquids for efficient extraction of palladium(Ⅱ) by its aqueous biphasic system.
To establish a green and efficient method to extract the precious metal palladium, we used an aqueous biphasic system(ABS) formed by "green solvent" ionic liquids and potassium phosphate to extract Pd(Ⅱ) without additional extractants. We also determined the binodal curves and tie-lines of 6 imidazolium-based ionic liquids by turbidity point method. The results indicate that there is no significant difference in phase forming ability and extraction rate between chloride-based and bromide-based ionic liquids. The hydrophobicity of the side chain on the cation is one of the key factors affecting phase forming ability of ionic liquids. Compared to ionic liquid without functional groups on the side chain of cation, the introduction of amino group and nitrile group on the side chain reduces the phase forming ability, but increases the extraction rate by 11.57% and 34.26%, respectively. Moreover, the extraction rate by ionic liquid with nitrile group could reach 100% when the concentrations of ionic liquid and potassium phosphate were 5.00% and 39.55%, respectively. The conclusions of this work could provide theoretical basis and data support for the design or choose of ionic liquids for efficient extraction of palladium(Ⅱ) by its aqueous biphasic system.
2019, 36(3): 341-348
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2019.03.180160
Abstract:
A novel multiple-ion imprinted sensor based on graphene oxide/fullerene composite(GO-C60) was developed for simultaneous and selective determination of Pb(Ⅱ), Cd(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ). The multiple-ion imprinted polymer was prepared with methacrylic acid and edetic acid as the functional monomer and ligand, respectively. The multiple-ion imprinted sensor was prepared by dispensing the imprinted polymer onto the GO-C60 modified carbon electrode surface. The performance of multiple-ion imprinted sensor was investigated using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in details. Under the optimized conditions, a linear relationship existed between the response currents of the multiple-ion imprinted sensor and the negative logarithm of ion concentrations ranging from 1.0×10-9 mol/L to 5.0×10-7 mol/L with the detection limit of 5.0×10-10, 5.0×10-10 and 1.0×10-10 mol/L for Pb(Ⅱ), Cd(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ), respectively. The multiple-ion imprinted sensor was successfully used for simultaneous detection of trace level Pb(Ⅱ), Cd(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ) ions in real samples.
A novel multiple-ion imprinted sensor based on graphene oxide/fullerene composite(GO-C60) was developed for simultaneous and selective determination of Pb(Ⅱ), Cd(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ). The multiple-ion imprinted polymer was prepared with methacrylic acid and edetic acid as the functional monomer and ligand, respectively. The multiple-ion imprinted sensor was prepared by dispensing the imprinted polymer onto the GO-C60 modified carbon electrode surface. The performance of multiple-ion imprinted sensor was investigated using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in details. Under the optimized conditions, a linear relationship existed between the response currents of the multiple-ion imprinted sensor and the negative logarithm of ion concentrations ranging from 1.0×10-9 mol/L to 5.0×10-7 mol/L with the detection limit of 5.0×10-10, 5.0×10-10 and 1.0×10-10 mol/L for Pb(Ⅱ), Cd(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ), respectively. The multiple-ion imprinted sensor was successfully used for simultaneous detection of trace level Pb(Ⅱ), Cd(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ) ions in real samples.
2019, 36(3): 349-357
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2019.03.180205
Abstract:
Coolants corrode the metals in the circulation system and decrease the service life of energy tower significantly. To ensure the long life service of the equipments in energy tower, the corrosion compatibility between the materials in the circulation system of energy tower and the coolants should be confirmed. Herein, the corrosion behavior of H65 copper alloy, 3003 aluminium alloy and 20# low carbon steel in six typical commercial coolants was studied. The alliances between H65 copper alloy and YH6830 coolant, 3003 aluminium alloy and BL3500 coolant, 20# low carbon steel and HG3500 or YH6830 coolants are found to be optimal for corrosion control. This is significant for prolonging the service life of energy tower equipment.
Coolants corrode the metals in the circulation system and decrease the service life of energy tower significantly. To ensure the long life service of the equipments in energy tower, the corrosion compatibility between the materials in the circulation system of energy tower and the coolants should be confirmed. Herein, the corrosion behavior of H65 copper alloy, 3003 aluminium alloy and 20# low carbon steel in six typical commercial coolants was studied. The alliances between H65 copper alloy and YH6830 coolant, 3003 aluminium alloy and BL3500 coolant, 20# low carbon steel and HG3500 or YH6830 coolants are found to be optimal for corrosion control. This is significant for prolonging the service life of energy tower equipment.
2019, 36(3): 358-366
doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2019.03.180243
Abstract:
Superhydrophobic-superoleophobic materials have received considerable attention due to their wide potential applications in the fields of anti-fouling, water-proof and oil-proof. In this paper, superhydrophobic-superoleophobic zinc spheres are first prepared by immersing the zinc spheres into the solution of perfluorooctanoic acid, and then the superhydrophobic-superoleophobic surfaces are obtained by pasting the obtained superhydrophobic-superoleophobic zinc spheres on substrates of glass, wood, plastic, stainless steel, paper and stone. The contact angles of water and oil droplets on these surfaces all exceed 150°. Zinc spheres react with perfluorooctanoic acid to form zinc perfluorooctanoate, and the coordinate effects of micro/nanometer rough structures and chemical composition with low surface energy of the long fluoroalkyl lead to the formation of superhydrophobicity and superoleophobicity. The research may offer a new idea for the design and fabrication of superamphiphobic materials, as well as their application in self-cleaning, waterproof, oil-proof and anti-contamination.
Superhydrophobic-superoleophobic materials have received considerable attention due to their wide potential applications in the fields of anti-fouling, water-proof and oil-proof. In this paper, superhydrophobic-superoleophobic zinc spheres are first prepared by immersing the zinc spheres into the solution of perfluorooctanoic acid, and then the superhydrophobic-superoleophobic surfaces are obtained by pasting the obtained superhydrophobic-superoleophobic zinc spheres on substrates of glass, wood, plastic, stainless steel, paper and stone. The contact angles of water and oil droplets on these surfaces all exceed 150°. Zinc spheres react with perfluorooctanoic acid to form zinc perfluorooctanoate, and the coordinate effects of micro/nanometer rough structures and chemical composition with low surface energy of the long fluoroalkyl lead to the formation of superhydrophobicity and superoleophobicity. The research may offer a new idea for the design and fabrication of superamphiphobic materials, as well as their application in self-cleaning, waterproof, oil-proof and anti-contamination.
