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1993 Volume 10 Issue 5
1993, 10(5): 1-6
Abstract:
The ion exchange resins and adsorbents with fine structure such as ion exchange resins with chiral ligands, bifunctional adsorption-exchange resins, surface modification adsorbents and resins with specific pore structure are briefly reviewed.
The ion exchange resins and adsorbents with fine structure such as ion exchange resins with chiral ligands, bifunctional adsorption-exchange resins, surface modification adsorbents and resins with specific pore structure are briefly reviewed.
1993, 10(5): 7-13
Abstract:
Advances in thermoplastic interpenetrating polymer networks and interpenetrating polymer networks based on castor oil are reviewed.
Advances in thermoplastic interpenetrating polymer networks and interpenetrating polymer networks based on castor oil are reviewed.
1993, 10(5): 14-21
Abstract:
The present status of pesticide chemistry research is reviewed. The scope and limitation of research endeavors between pesticide chemistry and pharmaceutical chemistry are compared. The active areas of pesticide chemistry are considered to be botanical pesticides, pro-pesticides, chiral pesticides and intensive search of novel bio-active structures. Recently the latter has been orientated to hyper-active pesticides, bioregulators, elemento-organic pesticides and blended pesticides. An outlook of future development of pesticide chemistry research is also discussed.
The present status of pesticide chemistry research is reviewed. The scope and limitation of research endeavors between pesticide chemistry and pharmaceutical chemistry are compared. The active areas of pesticide chemistry are considered to be botanical pesticides, pro-pesticides, chiral pesticides and intensive search of novel bio-active structures. Recently the latter has been orientated to hyper-active pesticides, bioregulators, elemento-organic pesticides and blended pesticides. An outlook of future development of pesticide chemistry research is also discussed.
1993, 10(5): 22-27
Abstract:
Amphoteric ion exchange resins(AIER) may be divided into two kinds:First one can not form inner salt and there is no interaction between anionogen and cationogen in it, its property is similar to that of the mixture of anion and cation exchange resins. The second kind can form inner salt,from which a series of new properties ate produced. The selectivity, swelling and absorption capacity of the second kind of AIER all are increased with the concentration of the electrolyte solution in a definite concentration range. The second kind of AIER is useful for separation and purification of concentrated electrolyte solution. This review puts emphasis on the formation of inner salt, especially on the effect of crosslinking and ionogen on it.
Amphoteric ion exchange resins(AIER) may be divided into two kinds:First one can not form inner salt and there is no interaction between anionogen and cationogen in it, its property is similar to that of the mixture of anion and cation exchange resins. The second kind can form inner salt,from which a series of new properties ate produced. The selectivity, swelling and absorption capacity of the second kind of AIER all are increased with the concentration of the electrolyte solution in a definite concentration range. The second kind of AIER is useful for separation and purification of concentrated electrolyte solution. This review puts emphasis on the formation of inner salt, especially on the effect of crosslinking and ionogen on it.
1993, 10(5): 28-37
Abstract:
This paper briefly introduces the recent developments in synthesis of telechelic polymers. It includes free radical oUgomerization, cationic oligomerization, group-transfer oligomerization, ringopening oligomerization and so forth.
This paper briefly introduces the recent developments in synthesis of telechelic polymers. It includes free radical oUgomerization, cationic oligomerization, group-transfer oligomerization, ringopening oligomerization and so forth.
1993, 10(5): 38-42
Abstract:
The recent developments of various major types of fuel cell systems are reviewed. Based on the trends of these developments, some suggestions are made concerning which major issues should be taken to promote fuel cell R & D in China so the community could be benifited from development of these techniques.
The recent developments of various major types of fuel cell systems are reviewed. Based on the trends of these developments, some suggestions are made concerning which major issues should be taken to promote fuel cell R & D in China so the community could be benifited from development of these techniques.
1993, 10(5): 43-47
Abstract:
From four thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCP) and polypropylene, poly(butylene terephthalate), polycarbonate,polyethersulfone and polysulfone, six polyblends containing TLCP were melt blended and extruded in the temperature range of respective "processing window". With the help of rheometry, scanning electron microscopy, polarized light microscopy and dynamic mechanical spectroscopy,the microstructure formation,and contribution of component characteristics, melt viscosity, extrusion temperature and concentration to the anisotropic microstructure formation and fibril-in-duced crystallization of matrix polymer and interphasial interaction were investigated.
From four thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCP) and polypropylene, poly(butylene terephthalate), polycarbonate,polyethersulfone and polysulfone, six polyblends containing TLCP were melt blended and extruded in the temperature range of respective "processing window". With the help of rheometry, scanning electron microscopy, polarized light microscopy and dynamic mechanical spectroscopy,the microstructure formation,and contribution of component characteristics, melt viscosity, extrusion temperature and concentration to the anisotropic microstructure formation and fibril-in-duced crystallization of matrix polymer and interphasial interaction were investigated.
1993, 10(5): 48-52
Abstract:
The observation of inversion walls and nematic schlieren textures with singularity of high strength in polymer samples is reported. The polymers are of the type with two-dimensional mesogenic units and flexible spacers in the main chain and all form a nematic liquid crystal phase above melting.
The observation of inversion walls and nematic schlieren textures with singularity of high strength in polymer samples is reported. The polymers are of the type with two-dimensional mesogenic units and flexible spacers in the main chain and all form a nematic liquid crystal phase above melting.
1993, 10(5): 53-56
Abstract:
A decorative chemical conversion film was formed on A3 mild steel by immersing it in a SiMo heteropoly-acid solution. The SEM photographs and the anodic polarization curves revealed the good anticorrosive effect of the film. The results of XPS and AES analyses showed that Fe existed as Fe(Ⅲ) and Fe (Ⅱ) in the film while Mo as Mo (Ⅵ) in the surface of the film but as Mo (Ⅵ) and Mo (Ⅳ) in the internal layer of the film. The relative atomic percent content(AC%) of the film obtained from the elemental composition constant region of the profile curves by AES was Fe 17.1%,Mo 13.5%,Si 8.8%, O 57.4% and C 3.2% respectively.
A decorative chemical conversion film was formed on A3 mild steel by immersing it in a SiMo heteropoly-acid solution. The SEM photographs and the anodic polarization curves revealed the good anticorrosive effect of the film. The results of XPS and AES analyses showed that Fe existed as Fe(Ⅲ) and Fe (Ⅱ) in the film while Mo as Mo (Ⅵ) in the surface of the film but as Mo (Ⅵ) and Mo (Ⅳ) in the internal layer of the film. The relative atomic percent content(AC%) of the film obtained from the elemental composition constant region of the profile curves by AES was Fe 17.1%,Mo 13.5%,Si 8.8%, O 57.4% and C 3.2% respectively.
1993, 10(5): 57-60
Abstract:
Two novel N-acetic acid substituted and covalently attached to silica gel macrocycles containing oxygen-nitrogen (silica gel bound macrocycle, SGBMC) have been prepared. The coordination capacities and selectivity properties of SGBMC towards Co (Ⅱ), Ni (Ⅱ), Cu (Ⅱ), Zn (Ⅱ) have been investigated in detail. The coordinated Co(Ⅱ), Ni(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ) can be easily leached out from SGBMC by dilute hydrochloric acid, and the SGBMC could be used repeatedly at least more than five times.
Two novel N-acetic acid substituted and covalently attached to silica gel macrocycles containing oxygen-nitrogen (silica gel bound macrocycle, SGBMC) have been prepared. The coordination capacities and selectivity properties of SGBMC towards Co (Ⅱ), Ni (Ⅱ), Cu (Ⅱ), Zn (Ⅱ) have been investigated in detail. The coordinated Co(Ⅱ), Ni(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ) can be easily leached out from SGBMC by dilute hydrochloric acid, and the SGBMC could be used repeatedly at least more than five times.
1993, 10(5): 61-65
Abstract:
The title copolymer was prepared and characterized by 1H NMR, DSC, and mechanical property measurements. The sample appeared to be an elastomer at room temperature. The effects of the EO/PO ratio and LiClO4 content of the copolymer-LiClO4 complex on the crystallinity and conductivity have been studied. The conductivity of the LiClO4 dopped copolymer film was 1.2×10-4S/cm at room temperature obtained from AC impedance.
The title copolymer was prepared and characterized by 1H NMR, DSC, and mechanical property measurements. The sample appeared to be an elastomer at room temperature. The effects of the EO/PO ratio and LiClO4 content of the copolymer-LiClO4 complex on the crystallinity and conductivity have been studied. The conductivity of the LiClO4 dopped copolymer film was 1.2×10-4S/cm at room temperature obtained from AC impedance.
1993, 10(5): 66-71
Abstract:
On the basis of vapour pressure changes at the inlet and outlet of a gas chromatographic column and the vapour pressure values of six types of compounds with different carbon atoms at diffferent temperatures, the basic conditions for using gas chromatography to analyze a component have been obtained. It appears that the vapour pressure of a component must be higher than 15~746Pa,and the capacity factor in the range of 0.2~20. A large retention value may prevent a component from being analyzable by gas chromatography. When the capacity factor (k') of a component lies in the range of 0.2 to 20,its vapour pressure will meet the requirements of FID detection.
On the basis of vapour pressure changes at the inlet and outlet of a gas chromatographic column and the vapour pressure values of six types of compounds with different carbon atoms at diffferent temperatures, the basic conditions for using gas chromatography to analyze a component have been obtained. It appears that the vapour pressure of a component must be higher than 15~746Pa,and the capacity factor in the range of 0.2~20. A large retention value may prevent a component from being analyzable by gas chromatography. When the capacity factor (k') of a component lies in the range of 0.2 to 20,its vapour pressure will meet the requirements of FID detection.
1993, 10(5): 72-74
Abstract:
A series of 4-vinyl pyridine-methyl acrylate copolymer complexes with tetracarbonyldichlorodirhodium were prepared. Their structure characteristics and catalytic properties for methanol carbonylation to synthesize acetic acid have been studied. The macromolecular complexes containing cis-dicarbonyl rhodium in structure have a higher catalytic activity in methanol carbonylation and an excellent thermal stability. There appeared two coordination units in the copolymer complexes:
x=0，1,2 The carbonylation of methanol catalyzed by the complexes can be carried out in mild conditions with-out any side-products. The selectivity of carbonylation reaction was approximately 100%.
A series of 4-vinyl pyridine-methyl acrylate copolymer complexes with tetracarbonyldichlorodirhodium were prepared. Their structure characteristics and catalytic properties for methanol carbonylation to synthesize acetic acid have been studied. The macromolecular complexes containing cis-dicarbonyl rhodium in structure have a higher catalytic activity in methanol carbonylation and an excellent thermal stability. There appeared two coordination units in the copolymer complexes:
x=0，1,2 The carbonylation of methanol catalyzed by the complexes can be carried out in mild conditions with-out any side-products. The selectivity of carbonylation reaction was approximately 100%.
1993, 10(5): 75-77
Abstract:
The bromination of poly-1-trimethylsilylpropyne (PTMSP) membrane with N-bromosuc-cinimide in acetone and nitrogen diluted bromine vapor(Br2/N2 volume ratio:0.20~1.00) have been investigated. The machanism of the bromination and the relationship between gas permeation and microstructure of the brominated PTMSP membranes are discussed. A significant breakdown of siliconcarbon bond, which was found in the fluorination of PTMSP, does not take place during bromination.Bromination increased the separation factor of membrane (aO2/N2) from 1.54 to 3.48,but only slightly improved its stability as gas permeation membrane. It is however with a marked decrease of the permeability coefficient of oxygene PO2.
The bromination of poly-1-trimethylsilylpropyne (PTMSP) membrane with N-bromosuc-cinimide in acetone and nitrogen diluted bromine vapor(Br2/N2 volume ratio:0.20~1.00) have been investigated. The machanism of the bromination and the relationship between gas permeation and microstructure of the brominated PTMSP membranes are discussed. A significant breakdown of siliconcarbon bond, which was found in the fluorination of PTMSP, does not take place during bromination.Bromination increased the separation factor of membrane (aO2/N2) from 1.54 to 3.48,but only slightly improved its stability as gas permeation membrane. It is however with a marked decrease of the permeability coefficient of oxygene PO2.
1993, 10(5): 78-80
Abstract:
Three Cr (Ⅲ) coordination compounds of S-(1-oxide-2-pyridyl)thiobenzoate (PTB) and its 3-methyl derivatives (3-CH3-PTB) and 1-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(1H)-pyridinethione (4-CH3-HPT) have been synthesized. They have been characterized by elemental analyses, UV, IR, molar conductance and TG-DTA-DTG. The antibacterial activities of the complexes have been tested.
Three Cr (Ⅲ) coordination compounds of S-(1-oxide-2-pyridyl)thiobenzoate (PTB) and its 3-methyl derivatives (3-CH3-PTB) and 1-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(1H)-pyridinethione (4-CH3-HPT) have been synthesized. They have been characterized by elemental analyses, UV, IR, molar conductance and TG-DTA-DTG. The antibacterial activities of the complexes have been tested.
1993, 10(5): 81-83
Abstract:
The epitaxial crystallization of LDPE on highly oriented iPP films was studied by means of electron microscopy. The electron microsraphs of LDPE/iPP layered films indicate that after heat treatment and recrystallization, a thin layer of LDPE can form a cross-hatched lamellar structure on the oriented iPP films. The LDPE lameliae incline ±40°to the drawing direction of iPP film. Electron diffraction patterns confirmed that the caxes of LDPE are ±50° apart from the c axes of iPP.The contact planes are (010) of iPP and (100) of LDPE.
The epitaxial crystallization of LDPE on highly oriented iPP films was studied by means of electron microscopy. The electron microsraphs of LDPE/iPP layered films indicate that after heat treatment and recrystallization, a thin layer of LDPE can form a cross-hatched lamellar structure on the oriented iPP films. The LDPE lameliae incline ±40°to the drawing direction of iPP film. Electron diffraction patterns confirmed that the caxes of LDPE are ±50° apart from the c axes of iPP.The contact planes are (010) of iPP and (100) of LDPE.
1993, 10(5): 84-86
Abstract:
A novel amphoteric surfactant was prepared from lauric acid and N-(β-hydroxyethyl)ethylene diamine via cyclization, reduction, amidation and quaterisation. Its surface tension and foaming capability were measured.
A novel amphoteric surfactant was prepared from lauric acid and N-(β-hydroxyethyl)ethylene diamine via cyclization, reduction, amidation and quaterisation. Its surface tension and foaming capability were measured.
1993, 10(5): 87-88
Abstract:
The treatment of fluoride waste with emulsion liquid membrane is described. The liquid membrane consists of water-in-oil emulsions where polyamine N-205 was used as surfactant, primary amine N1923 as carrier, kerosene as solvent, and the internal phase was CaCl2 solution. The concentration of F- was reduced from O. 500g/L to an average of 0.010g/L after treatment.
The treatment of fluoride waste with emulsion liquid membrane is described. The liquid membrane consists of water-in-oil emulsions where polyamine N-205 was used as surfactant, primary amine N1923 as carrier, kerosene as solvent, and the internal phase was CaCl2 solution. The concentration of F- was reduced from O. 500g/L to an average of 0.010g/L after treatment.
1993, 10(5): 89-91
Abstract:
A flow-injection amperometric method for the determination of Cr(Ⅲ) and (Ⅵ) in water is established,using a carbon tube flow-through detector. The method is simple,rapid and of low cost.The effects of interfering ions are eliminated with a line-on separation column with strong acid-cation resin. Detection limit under optimized conditions was 0.2ng/mL for Cr (Ⅵ). The determination resuits of trace Cr (Ⅲ) and (Ⅵ) in water were in accordance with those obtained by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in graphite tube furnace.
A flow-injection amperometric method for the determination of Cr(Ⅲ) and (Ⅵ) in water is established,using a carbon tube flow-through detector. The method is simple,rapid and of low cost.The effects of interfering ions are eliminated with a line-on separation column with strong acid-cation resin. Detection limit under optimized conditions was 0.2ng/mL for Cr (Ⅵ). The determination resuits of trace Cr (Ⅲ) and (Ⅵ) in water were in accordance with those obtained by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in graphite tube furnace.
1993, 10(5): 92-94
Abstract:
The hydrogen evolution reaction has been studied on the Ni-W-Mo surface alloys, containing W26, Ni24, and Mo9 atom percent. The electrode was prepared by electrodeposition of W and Ni on nickel disk with after implanation of Mo ions. The cathodes showed a high catalytic activity and stability.
The hydrogen evolution reaction has been studied on the Ni-W-Mo surface alloys, containing W26, Ni24, and Mo9 atom percent. The electrode was prepared by electrodeposition of W and Ni on nickel disk with after implanation of Mo ions. The cathodes showed a high catalytic activity and stability.
1993, 10(5): 95-96
Abstract:
The method of preparation of tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP) has been improved by using a mixed solvent based on the propionic acid and thionyl chloride as oxidizing agent instead of 2, 3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoqinone. The yield of the pure H2TPP achieved 38%. Six complexes of H2TPP with Cu, Co, Ni, Fe, In, and La were prepared respectively.
The method of preparation of tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP) has been improved by using a mixed solvent based on the propionic acid and thionyl chloride as oxidizing agent instead of 2, 3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoqinone. The yield of the pure H2TPP achieved 38%. Six complexes of H2TPP with Cu, Co, Ni, Fe, In, and La were prepared respectively.
1993, 10(5): 97-98
Abstract:
The specific heat capacity of 3-methyl-4-nitropyridine oxide has been determined directly by DSC method as 1.2251~1.4046J/g·deg in the temperature range of 320 to 380K.
The specific heat capacity of 3-methyl-4-nitropyridine oxide has been determined directly by DSC method as 1.2251~1.4046J/g·deg in the temperature range of 320 to 380K.
1993, 10(5): 99-101
Abstract:
Ultrafine high-purity alumina has been prepared by hydrolysis of aluminium isopropylate in yield 95%. By this technology the isopropyl alcohol from alcoholed can be recovered and used repeatedly. The α-Al2O3 obtained by this process has a high-bulk density with relative uniform particle size.The average particle size is 0.3 to 0.03 μm, in purify of 99.99%.
Ultrafine high-purity alumina has been prepared by hydrolysis of aluminium isopropylate in yield 95%. By this technology the isopropyl alcohol from alcoholed can be recovered and used repeatedly. The α-Al2O3 obtained by this process has a high-bulk density with relative uniform particle size.The average particle size is 0.3 to 0.03 μm, in purify of 99.99%.
1993, 10(5): 102-104
Abstract:
Optically active polymer series of poly(triphenylmethy methacrylate) has been studied by thermogravimetry. The effects of heating rate and surrounding atmosphere on the thermal behaviour of polymers are discussed. The activation energy of thermal degradation of PTrMA is calculated by the differential and integral methods. The thermal stability and mechanism of thermal degradation has been discussed.
Optically active polymer series of poly(triphenylmethy methacrylate) has been studied by thermogravimetry. The effects of heating rate and surrounding atmosphere on the thermal behaviour of polymers are discussed. The activation energy of thermal degradation of PTrMA is calculated by the differential and integral methods. The thermal stability and mechanism of thermal degradation has been discussed.
1993, 10(5): 105-107
Abstract:
A high water-absorbent polyacrylate was obtained by inverse suspension polymerization using monooctadecyl phosphate as dispersion agent. The polymer particle can be easily obtained by filtering without evaporation of solvent. For polymer particles obtained at optimum conditions the deionized-water absorbability and saline solution absorbability were 580 and 68 mL/per gram polymer, respectively.
A high water-absorbent polyacrylate was obtained by inverse suspension polymerization using monooctadecyl phosphate as dispersion agent. The polymer particle can be easily obtained by filtering without evaporation of solvent. For polymer particles obtained at optimum conditions the deionized-water absorbability and saline solution absorbability were 580 and 68 mL/per gram polymer, respectively.
1993, 10(5): 108-109
Abstract:
Five α-amino acids were prepared by rapid alkylation without solvent under microwave and phase transfer catalysis. The alkylation lasted only for 1~2min. The α-amino acids were obtained by after hydrolysis. The overall yields were 43.6%~62.5%.
Five α-amino acids were prepared by rapid alkylation without solvent under microwave and phase transfer catalysis. The alkylation lasted only for 1~2min. The α-amino acids were obtained by after hydrolysis. The overall yields were 43.6%~62.5%.
1993, 10(5): 110-112
Abstract:
Hot corrosion of Ni-Al intermetallic compounds in molten (Na,K, Li)2SO4 has been studied by AC impedance technique. The hot corrosion of Ni-Al alloys was shown to be a diffusion-controlled process.The parameters in the corresponding equivalent circuit was calculated by the IFP technique. The results showed that the value of the charge-transfer resistance of Ni-Al alloys was very small,which indicates the lower anticorrosive character of the alloys. The mechanism of Ni-Al alloys during hot corrosion has been discussed.
Hot corrosion of Ni-Al intermetallic compounds in molten (Na,K, Li)2SO4 has been studied by AC impedance technique. The hot corrosion of Ni-Al alloys was shown to be a diffusion-controlled process.The parameters in the corresponding equivalent circuit was calculated by the IFP technique. The results showed that the value of the charge-transfer resistance of Ni-Al alloys was very small,which indicates the lower anticorrosive character of the alloys. The mechanism of Ni-Al alloys during hot corrosion has been discussed.
