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1984 Volume 1 Issue 4
1984, 1(4): 1-9
Abstract:
The present statatus of the development of oxygen enrichment process using gas separating polymeric membranes for intensified combustion process of fossil fuels for energy saving as well as for medical use is discussed. Most important directions in recent researches for more efficient oxygen enriching membranes are reviewed,including:effect of chemical structure of polymer molecules on its permeative properties,effect of addi-tion of small molecules and liquid crystals,permeative properties of segmented and graft multiphase polymers,and formation of ultrathin membrane on a porous substrate by in situ polymerization or plasma polymerization.
The present statatus of the development of oxygen enrichment process using gas separating polymeric membranes for intensified combustion process of fossil fuels for energy saving as well as for medical use is discussed. Most important directions in recent researches for more efficient oxygen enriching membranes are reviewed,including:effect of chemical structure of polymer molecules on its permeative properties,effect of addi-tion of small molecules and liquid crystals,permeative properties of segmented and graft multiphase polymers,and formation of ultrathin membrane on a porous substrate by in situ polymerization or plasma polymerization.
1984, 1(4): 10-16
Abstract:
Some properties and thermal decomposition of K3[Fe(C2O4)3] supported on HZSM-5 and HY zeolites have been studied by GC,MB,and IR methods.The Mössbauer spectrum and the infrared spectrum of K3[Fe(C2O4)3]/HY system were quite different from those of K3[Fe(C2O4)3], but for K3[Fe(C2O4)3]/HZSM-5 system, the differences were not roticeable. The decomposi-tion mechanism of K3[Fe(C2O4)3]/HY system was quite different from that of the unsupported owing to the interaction between C2O42- and Al3+ and that between Fe3+ and the surface OH group of the support as well. The decomposition products were in highly dispersed state with iron cations. It was difficult to reduce them in H_2 due to the strong effect of the surface of HY. In K3[Fe(C2O4)3]/HZSM-5 system the decomposition of K3[Fe(C2O4)3] was only partly modified because of the high Si/Al ratio and the weaker interaction between K3[Fe(C2O4)3] and the support.
Some properties and thermal decomposition of K3[Fe(C2O4)3] supported on HZSM-5 and HY zeolites have been studied by GC,MB,and IR methods.The Mössbauer spectrum and the infrared spectrum of K3[Fe(C2O4)3]/HY system were quite different from those of K3[Fe(C2O4)3], but for K3[Fe(C2O4)3]/HZSM-5 system, the differences were not roticeable. The decomposi-tion mechanism of K3[Fe(C2O4)3]/HY system was quite different from that of the unsupported owing to the interaction between C2O42- and Al3+ and that between Fe3+ and the surface OH group of the support as well. The decomposition products were in highly dispersed state with iron cations. It was difficult to reduce them in H_2 due to the strong effect of the surface of HY. In K3[Fe(C2O4)3]/HZSM-5 system the decomposition of K3[Fe(C2O4)3] was only partly modified because of the high Si/Al ratio and the weaker interaction between K3[Fe(C2O4)3] and the support.
1984, 1(4): 17-22
Abstract:
Some LnBO3: Ce3+(Ln=La,Gd or Y) phosphors were synthesized through solid state reaction. It was found that addition of NH4X to LnBO3:Ce3+ during firing increases the luminesence intensity of phosphors without changing the peak positions of excitation and emission spectra. As the radius of Ln3+ decreases and the crystal structure of LnBO3: Ce3+ changes from orthorhombic to hexagonal, the peak position of excitation and emission spectra of LnBO3: Ce3+ shift to longer wavelengths, showing an ob-vious influence of crystal-field on the 5d-4f transition of Ce3+.
Some LnBO3: Ce3+(Ln=La,Gd or Y) phosphors were synthesized through solid state reaction. It was found that addition of NH4X to LnBO3:Ce3+ during firing increases the luminesence intensity of phosphors without changing the peak positions of excitation and emission spectra. As the radius of Ln3+ decreases and the crystal structure of LnBO3: Ce3+ changes from orthorhombic to hexagonal, the peak position of excitation and emission spectra of LnBO3: Ce3+ shift to longer wavelengths, showing an ob-vious influence of crystal-field on the 5d-4f transition of Ce3+.
1984, 1(4): 23-29
Abstract:
Liquid polybutadiene. telomers (M.W.2000-4000) are synthesized using n-BuLi as inititator, toluene as solvent and chain transfer agent with the addition of different polar modifiers 2G. 4G and HMPA. The effects of polar modifiers on the butadiene telomerization reaction are investigated in detail. Based on the results of synthesis a new model of chain transfer is proposed,and on this basis the chain transfer constants are calculated.
Liquid polybutadiene. telomers (M.W.2000-4000) are synthesized using n-BuLi as inititator, toluene as solvent and chain transfer agent with the addition of different polar modifiers 2G. 4G and HMPA. The effects of polar modifiers on the butadiene telomerization reaction are investigated in detail. Based on the results of synthesis a new model of chain transfer is proposed,and on this basis the chain transfer constants are calculated.
1984, 1(4): 30-33
Abstract:
Photoelectrochemical characteristics of p-type epitaxial silicon (p+/p-Si) cathodes coating with a thin metal film in alkaline solution have been inves-tigated by cyclic yoltammetric and potentiostatic method. It turns out that the p+/p-Si cathodes coating with tungsten-nickel alloy and with palladium both show enhanced photocurrents for hydrogen evolution. The potential of the former is shifted to positive direction by more than 0.3V; that of the latter 0.25V. The photoresponses of p-type epitaxial silicon (p+/p-Si) cathode is found to be larger than those of p-type single crystal silicon(p-Si) catho-de. The scanning electron microscope photos show that the tungsten-nickel deposition film consists of discontinuous clusters rather than a continuous film.
Photoelectrochemical characteristics of p-type epitaxial silicon (p+/p-Si) cathodes coating with a thin metal film in alkaline solution have been inves-tigated by cyclic yoltammetric and potentiostatic method. It turns out that the p+/p-Si cathodes coating with tungsten-nickel alloy and with palladium both show enhanced photocurrents for hydrogen evolution. The potential of the former is shifted to positive direction by more than 0.3V; that of the latter 0.25V. The photoresponses of p-type epitaxial silicon (p+/p-Si) cathode is found to be larger than those of p-type single crystal silicon(p-Si) catho-de. The scanning electron microscope photos show that the tungsten-nickel deposition film consists of discontinuous clusters rather than a continuous film.
1984, 1(4): 34-39
Abstract:
Efforts have been made to use the graft copolymer EPR-g-PS with eth-ylene and propylene copolymer(EPR) as the backbone and polystyrene(PS) as grafts, prepared by macromer copolymerization, as a compatibilizer for PS/EPDM blends. The results indicated that composition of the blends,dosage and molecular structure of the graft copolymers had strong effects on impact strength of the blends. The mechanism of the graft copolymers as a compatibilizer for PS/EPDM blends has been interpreted by correlating the structure of the graft copolymers with the morphology of the blends revealed by phase contrast microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
Efforts have been made to use the graft copolymer EPR-g-PS with eth-ylene and propylene copolymer(EPR) as the backbone and polystyrene(PS) as grafts, prepared by macromer copolymerization, as a compatibilizer for PS/EPDM blends. The results indicated that composition of the blends,dosage and molecular structure of the graft copolymers had strong effects on impact strength of the blends. The mechanism of the graft copolymers as a compatibilizer for PS/EPDM blends has been interpreted by correlating the structure of the graft copolymers with the morphology of the blends revealed by phase contrast microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
1984, 1(4): 40-44
Abstract:
Eighteen new phenylalanine rare earth metal(Ⅲ) polyhedral borane che-lates have been prepared in high yield by the reaction of rare earth metal hydroborate [Ln2(BnHn)3, n=10 or 12] with DL-phenylalanine. The pro-ducts have been characterized by elemental analysis,IR spectra and electrical conductivity measurement. The results showed that in these compounds DL-phenylalanines are neutral ligands coordinated to rare earth ion through the nitrogen atom of amino group and the oxygen atom of carbonyl of carboxylic group.
Eighteen new phenylalanine rare earth metal(Ⅲ) polyhedral borane che-lates have been prepared in high yield by the reaction of rare earth metal hydroborate [Ln2(BnHn)3, n=10 or 12] with DL-phenylalanine. The pro-ducts have been characterized by elemental analysis,IR spectra and electrical conductivity measurement. The results showed that in these compounds DL-phenylalanines are neutral ligands coordinated to rare earth ion through the nitrogen atom of amino group and the oxygen atom of carbonyl of carboxylic group.
1984, 1(4): 45-49
Abstract:
The TPD of surface oxygen of Fe2O3, Sb2O4 and other five mixed oxides with atom ratio Sb/Fe from 1/9 to 9/1 have been investigated. A small amount of oxygen is desorbed from Fe2O3 at 200-450℃ while for Sb2O4 the desorption peak of oxygen appears after 700℃ and in the case of mixed oxides both α and β oxygen are found to be during TPD after 400℃. It is found that the activation energy of desorption of a oxygen increases with the increase of Sb content and that α oxygen is more reactive than β oxygen for the oxidation of propylene. It is shown also that NH3 adsorption sites are of different strength depending on the content of α and β oxygen in Fe-Sb oxide. It is concluded that suitable bonding strength of surface oxygen in Fe-Sb oxides should be the main cause of high activity and selectivity in the ammoxidation of propylene.
The TPD of surface oxygen of Fe2O3, Sb2O4 and other five mixed oxides with atom ratio Sb/Fe from 1/9 to 9/1 have been investigated. A small amount of oxygen is desorbed from Fe2O3 at 200-450℃ while for Sb2O4 the desorption peak of oxygen appears after 700℃ and in the case of mixed oxides both α and β oxygen are found to be during TPD after 400℃. It is found that the activation energy of desorption of a oxygen increases with the increase of Sb content and that α oxygen is more reactive than β oxygen for the oxidation of propylene. It is shown also that NH3 adsorption sites are of different strength depending on the content of α and β oxygen in Fe-Sb oxide. It is concluded that suitable bonding strength of surface oxygen in Fe-Sb oxides should be the main cause of high activity and selectivity in the ammoxidation of propylene.
1984, 1(4): 50-54
Abstract:
Three new complexes (HPR3)2CeCl6. where R=-C2H5,-C3H7,-C4C9,were synthesized by means of adding PR3 into H2CeCl6 ethanol solution under bubbling of dry HCl. The complexes were identified by elemental analysis, IR and visible spectra. In the thermogram of the complexes an initial mass loss corresponding to the loss of a chlorine atom is observed.
Three new complexes (HPR3)2CeCl6. where R=-C2H5,-C3H7,-C4C9,were synthesized by means of adding PR3 into H2CeCl6 ethanol solution under bubbling of dry HCl. The complexes were identified by elemental analysis, IR and visible spectra. In the thermogram of the complexes an initial mass loss corresponding to the loss of a chlorine atom is observed.
1984, 1(4): 55-59
Abstract:
In studying the properties of thermodynamic cycle of metal elements author has derived a general equation: ΔX=(2π/270)xΦi·Rx where ΔX: ΔHi0,Δi0,ΔSi0; xΦi: practical radian; Rx: practical radius of the cycle.A calculating scale of thermodynamic cycle of metal elements has been de-signed on the basis of this equation. The scale can be used for calculation of 66 kinds of thermodynamic data.The structure and some applications of the calculating scale have been briefly described.
In studying the properties of thermodynamic cycle of metal elements author has derived a general equation: ΔX=(2π/270)xΦi·Rx where ΔX: ΔHi0,Δi0,ΔSi0; xΦi: practical radian; Rx: practical radius of the cycle.A calculating scale of thermodynamic cycle of metal elements has been de-signed on the basis of this equation. The scale can be used for calculation of 66 kinds of thermodynamic data.The structure and some applications of the calculating scale have been briefly described.
1984, 1(4): 60-67
Abstract:
Kinetics of the extraction of chromium(Ⅲ) with HEH(EHP) in kerosene solution from aqueous sulfate solution has been studied. To interpret the experimental results of the influence of the concentration of chromium(Ⅲ),extractant,hydrogen ion and sulfate radical on the rate of extraction, a mecha-nism for the extraction is proposed Cr(OH)2++(HA)Ik-1???19840411???(Cr(OH)2A)I+H+ (Cr(OH)2A)1+(H2A2)ok-1???19840411???(CrA3)o+2H2O For Cr(Ⅲ)exists in various forms in aqueous solution [Cr(Ⅲ)]total=[Cr+3]+[Cr(OH)2+]+[Cr(OH)2+]+[CrSO4+] the rate of the extraction can be expressed as followsR=(k1K2[Cr(Ⅲ)][HA]I[H2A2]。)/(k-1[H+]+k2[H2A2]。)(1/β1β2)(H+]2+1/β2[H+]+1+a/β1β2[H+][SO-42-])-(k-1k-2[CrA3]。[H+]/(k-1[H+]+k2[H2A2]。)), Kinetics of the extraction of chromium(Ⅲ) with HEH(EHP) in kerosene solution from aqueous sulfate solution has been studied. To interpret the experimental results of the influence of the concentration of chromium(Ⅲ),extractant,hydrogen ion and sulfate radical on the rate of extraction, a mecha-nism for the extraction is proposed Cr(OH)2++(HA)Ik-1
(Cr(OH)2A)I+H+ (Cr(OH)2A)1+(H2A2)ok-1(CrA3)o+2H2O For Cr(Ⅲ)exists in various forms in aqueous solution [Cr(Ⅲ)]total=[Cr+3]+[Cr(OH)2+]+[Cr(OH)2+]+[CrSO4+] the rate of the extraction can be expressed as followsR=(k1K2[Cr(Ⅲ)][HA]I[H2A2]。)/(k-1[H+]+k2[H2A2]。)(1/β1β2)(H+]2+1/β2[H+]+1+a/β1β2[H+][SO42-])-(k-1k-2[CrA3]。[H+]/(k-1[H+]+k2[H2A2]。))
Kinetics of the extraction of chromium(Ⅲ) with HEH(EHP) in kerosene solution from aqueous sulfate solution has been studied. To interpret the experimental results of the influence of the concentration of chromium(Ⅲ),extractant,hydrogen ion and sulfate radical on the rate of extraction, a mecha-nism for the extraction is proposed Cr(OH)2++(HA)Ik-1???19840411???(Cr(OH)2A)I+H+ (Cr(OH)2A)1+(H2A2)ok-1???19840411???(CrA3)o+2H2O For Cr(Ⅲ)exists in various forms in aqueous solution [Cr(Ⅲ)]total=[Cr+3]+[Cr(OH)2+]+[Cr(OH)2+]+[CrSO4+] the rate of the extraction can be expressed as followsR=(k1K2[Cr(Ⅲ)][HA]I[H2A2]。)/(k-1[H+]+k2[H2A2]。)(1/β1β2)(H+]2+1/β2[H+]+1+a/β1β2[H+][SO-42-])-(k-1k-2[CrA3]。[H+]/(k-1[H+]+k2[H2A2]。)), Kinetics of the extraction of chromium(Ⅲ) with HEH(EHP) in kerosene solution from aqueous sulfate solution has been studied. To interpret the experimental results of the influence of the concentration of chromium(Ⅲ),extractant,hydrogen ion and sulfate radical on the rate of extraction, a mecha-nism for the extraction is proposed Cr(OH)2++(HA)Ik-1
(Cr(OH)2A)I+H+ (Cr(OH)2A)1+(H2A2)ok-1(CrA3)o+2H2O For Cr(Ⅲ)exists in various forms in aqueous solution [Cr(Ⅲ)]total=[Cr+3]+[Cr(OH)2+]+[Cr(OH)2+]+[CrSO4+] the rate of the extraction can be expressed as followsR=(k1K2[Cr(Ⅲ)][HA]I[H2A2]。)/(k-1[H+]+k2[H2A2]。)(1/β1β2)(H+]2+1/β2[H+]+1+a/β1β2[H+][SO42-])-(k-1k-2[CrA3]。[H+]/(k-1[H+]+k2[H2A2]。))
1984, 1(4): 68-71
Abstract:
The formation of polypyrrole film on electrode surfaces by anodic-oxida-tion polymerization was studied using Pt foil as substrate.An uiform and see-mingly transparent film of polypyrrole with remarkable electro-chromic fea-ture can be obtained under suitably controlled conditions. Newly formed polypyrrole films exhibit activity toward electro-oxidation-reduction in cer-tain electrolytes,but they gradually tend to be inactive and of high resis-tance on prolonged cyclic polarization. An attempt to apply polypyrrole film forprotecting sintered n-CdS photoanode from photo-corrosion has so far been unsuccessful.
The formation of polypyrrole film on electrode surfaces by anodic-oxida-tion polymerization was studied using Pt foil as substrate.An uiform and see-mingly transparent film of polypyrrole with remarkable electro-chromic fea-ture can be obtained under suitably controlled conditions. Newly formed polypyrrole films exhibit activity toward electro-oxidation-reduction in cer-tain electrolytes,but they gradually tend to be inactive and of high resis-tance on prolonged cyclic polarization. An attempt to apply polypyrrole film forprotecting sintered n-CdS photoanode from photo-corrosion has so far been unsuccessful.
1984, 1(4): 72-75
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1984, 1(4): 76-77
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1984, 1(4): 78-81
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