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2021 Volume 84 Issue 5
2021, 84(5): 402-410
Abstract:
The ions intercalation capacitive deionization (CDI) electrode materials with ions embedding/de-embedding ability have become a new type of CDI electrode with high specific capacity, which can effectively improve the shortcomings of limited ions storage capacity and easy corrosion on traditional carbon electrode. Based on the classification of metal oxide, Mxenes, NASICON type phosphate materials, the design of representative electrode materials depend on ions embedding/de-embedding and their application in CDI in recent years are reviewed in this paper in order to understand the structure-activity relationship and develop electrode materials with better performance.
The ions intercalation capacitive deionization (CDI) electrode materials with ions embedding/de-embedding ability have become a new type of CDI electrode with high specific capacity, which can effectively improve the shortcomings of limited ions storage capacity and easy corrosion on traditional carbon electrode. Based on the classification of metal oxide, Mxenes, NASICON type phosphate materials, the design of representative electrode materials depend on ions embedding/de-embedding and their application in CDI in recent years are reviewed in this paper in order to understand the structure-activity relationship and develop electrode materials with better performance.
2021, 84(5): 411-418, 410
Abstract:
Terrorist attacks are one of the major hidden dangers to security in the world today. Peroxide explosives are often used by criminals because of their difficulty in being detected by conventional means. Acetone peroxide explosives are commonly used explosives by terrorists among them. This article mainly summarizes the different detection methods of acetone peroxide explosives in the past 20 years, mainly including traditional detection technologies such as fluorescence detection technology and mass spectrometry, chromatography, Raman spectroscopy and other spectral technologies, as well as electrochemical methods, chemical colorimetry, physical sensors and new biological immune detection technology in the field of detection of acetone peroxide explosives.
Terrorist attacks are one of the major hidden dangers to security in the world today. Peroxide explosives are often used by criminals because of their difficulty in being detected by conventional means. Acetone peroxide explosives are commonly used explosives by terrorists among them. This article mainly summarizes the different detection methods of acetone peroxide explosives in the past 20 years, mainly including traditional detection technologies such as fluorescence detection technology and mass spectrometry, chromatography, Raman spectroscopy and other spectral technologies, as well as electrochemical methods, chemical colorimetry, physical sensors and new biological immune detection technology in the field of detection of acetone peroxide explosives.
2021, 84(5): 419-425
Abstract:
Polyoxometalate is a kind of oxygen-containing compound composed of heteroatoms (such as P, Si etc.) and transition metal atoms (such as W, V etc.) in a certain structure via coordination bridge of oxygen atoms. In this review, we discussed the development progress of its anti-HIV, anti-influenza and anti-hepatitis virus effect, both in vivo and in vitro, highlighting the mechanism of its anti-virus effect, as well as the possibility for anti-COVID-19 treatment.
Polyoxometalate is a kind of oxygen-containing compound composed of heteroatoms (such as P, Si etc.) and transition metal atoms (such as W, V etc.) in a certain structure via coordination bridge of oxygen atoms. In this review, we discussed the development progress of its anti-HIV, anti-influenza and anti-hepatitis virus effect, both in vivo and in vitro, highlighting the mechanism of its anti-virus effect, as well as the possibility for anti-COVID-19 treatment.
2021, 84(5): 426-432, 425
Abstract:
In the process of drug research and development, the number of compounds with low solubility has increased, and it is urgent to solve the problem of drug solubility in the pharmaceutical industry. Macrocyclic compounds such as cyclodextrin, calixarene and cucurbituril can form host-guest inclusion complex, thus acting as solubilizers for poorly soluble drugs. This paper introduces the application of macrocyclic compounds in improving the solubility of drugs by host-guest interaction. Firstly, due to the differences of macrocyclic compounds in structure and properties, the types of encapsulated drugs are overviewed. Secondly, the host-guest complex by dynamic reversible inclusion can enhance the stability and dissolution rate, thereby further improving the bioavailability of drugs. In addition, the toxicological data of macrocyclic compounds are presented, thus allowing the marketability of macrocyclic compounds as excipients. Lastly, the limitations of macrocyclic compounds as drug solubilizers, such as the restricted dimension of the cavity and the more comprehensive safety assessment are summarized.
In the process of drug research and development, the number of compounds with low solubility has increased, and it is urgent to solve the problem of drug solubility in the pharmaceutical industry. Macrocyclic compounds such as cyclodextrin, calixarene and cucurbituril can form host-guest inclusion complex, thus acting as solubilizers for poorly soluble drugs. This paper introduces the application of macrocyclic compounds in improving the solubility of drugs by host-guest interaction. Firstly, due to the differences of macrocyclic compounds in structure and properties, the types of encapsulated drugs are overviewed. Secondly, the host-guest complex by dynamic reversible inclusion can enhance the stability and dissolution rate, thereby further improving the bioavailability of drugs. In addition, the toxicological data of macrocyclic compounds are presented, thus allowing the marketability of macrocyclic compounds as excipients. Lastly, the limitations of macrocyclic compounds as drug solubilizers, such as the restricted dimension of the cavity and the more comprehensive safety assessment are summarized.
2021, 84(5): 433-440
Abstract:
Biomass materials are renewable, inexpensive and pollution-free, and are commonly used in the preparation of superhydrophobic materials. Superhydrophobic materials have attracted much attention because of their high water repellency and self-cleaning ability, but they also bring different degrees of pressure to the environment during the preparation process due to the choice of solvents and low surface energy substances. In this paper, the preparation methods of biomass-based superhydrophobic materials are introduced, and according to the different solvents used in the preparation technology, the biomass-based superhydrophobic materials are divided into organic solvent type, water-based/semi-water-based type and non-solvent type, and the advantages and disadvantages of three different types of superhydrophobic materials are summarized. At the end of this article, the measures for preparing environmentally friendly superhydrophobic materials are summarized, and the future development direction of biomass-based superhydrophobic materials is prospected.
Biomass materials are renewable, inexpensive and pollution-free, and are commonly used in the preparation of superhydrophobic materials. Superhydrophobic materials have attracted much attention because of their high water repellency and self-cleaning ability, but they also bring different degrees of pressure to the environment during the preparation process due to the choice of solvents and low surface energy substances. In this paper, the preparation methods of biomass-based superhydrophobic materials are introduced, and according to the different solvents used in the preparation technology, the biomass-based superhydrophobic materials are divided into organic solvent type, water-based/semi-water-based type and non-solvent type, and the advantages and disadvantages of three different types of superhydrophobic materials are summarized. At the end of this article, the measures for preparing environmentally friendly superhydrophobic materials are summarized, and the future development direction of biomass-based superhydrophobic materials is prospected.
2021, 84(5): 441-449, 440
Abstract:
This paper summarizes the research progresses in the field of Hg2+-fluorescent probes based on coumarin during the past ten years. The molecular structure, design principle and application performance of this kind of probes are briefly introduced. The sensitivity, selectivity and detection conditions in the application process are evaluated. Finally, the research and development direction of coumarin-based fluorescent probes for Hg2+ are prospected.
This paper summarizes the research progresses in the field of Hg2+-fluorescent probes based on coumarin during the past ten years. The molecular structure, design principle and application performance of this kind of probes are briefly introduced. The sensitivity, selectivity and detection conditions in the application process are evaluated. Finally, the research and development direction of coumarin-based fluorescent probes for Hg2+ are prospected.
2021, 84(5): 450-459
Abstract:
As an important class of active synthons in organic synthesis, isocyanide is used to synthesize natural products, drug molecules and nitrogen-containing molecules or heterocyclic compounds with potential biological activity. In recent years, palladium-catalyzed various reactions involving isocyanide, especially the insertion reaction of isocyanide, have been widely concerned, studied and applied, which is of great practical significance. In this review, according to different reaction types, the latest research progress in palladium-catalyzed isocyanide reactions is introduced.
As an important class of active synthons in organic synthesis, isocyanide is used to synthesize natural products, drug molecules and nitrogen-containing molecules or heterocyclic compounds with potential biological activity. In recent years, palladium-catalyzed various reactions involving isocyanide, especially the insertion reaction of isocyanide, have been widely concerned, studied and applied, which is of great practical significance. In this review, according to different reaction types, the latest research progress in palladium-catalyzed isocyanide reactions is introduced.
2021, 84(5): 460-466
Abstract:
A novel alanine substituted water-soluble pillar[5]arene DAP5 was synthesized, which could be used as building block to construct a supramolecular nano drug loading carrier SDBS⊂DAP5 through host-guest interaction with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS). This carrier can efficiently encapsulate DOX with an entrapment efficiency of 62.6%. And its nano drug delivery system DOX⊂SDBS⊂DAP5 not only had good pH response performance and could continuously release the drug in a simulated weak acid tumor microenvironment, but also had low toxicity to normal liver cells (LO2) (IC50 >10μmol/L). More importantly, DOX⊂SDBS⊂DAP5 exhibited stronger proliferation inhibition activity and shorter medication time over free drug for four tested cancer cells (Hela, HepG2, MGC-803 and T24). Especially for HepG2, after 24 hours of incubation with drug, IC50 of DOX⊂SDBS⊂DAP5 was 0.77 μmol/L, about 22% of that of DOX (3.43 μmol/L). These results provide important reference information for improving the efficacy and reducing the side effects of supramolecular drug delivery system in the future cancer treatment.
A novel alanine substituted water-soluble pillar[5]arene DAP5 was synthesized, which could be used as building block to construct a supramolecular nano drug loading carrier SDBS⊂DAP5 through host-guest interaction with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS). This carrier can efficiently encapsulate DOX with an entrapment efficiency of 62.6%. And its nano drug delivery system DOX⊂SDBS⊂DAP5 not only had good pH response performance and could continuously release the drug in a simulated weak acid tumor microenvironment, but also had low toxicity to normal liver cells (LO2) (IC50 >10μmol/L). More importantly, DOX⊂SDBS⊂DAP5 exhibited stronger proliferation inhibition activity and shorter medication time over free drug for four tested cancer cells (Hela, HepG2, MGC-803 and T24). Especially for HepG2, after 24 hours of incubation with drug, IC50 of DOX⊂SDBS⊂DAP5 was 0.77 μmol/L, about 22% of that of DOX (3.43 μmol/L). These results provide important reference information for improving the efficacy and reducing the side effects of supramolecular drug delivery system in the future cancer treatment.
2021, 84(5): 474-479
Abstract:
Mixture metal organic frameworks (MixMOFs) was synthesized with terephthalic acid, 2-amino-terephthalic acid and zinc nitrate hexahydrate as starting materials. Then a novel MixMOFs graft PNP chromium catalyst was synthesized by post synthetic modification and complexation with MixMOFs, chlorodiphenylphosphine and CrCl3(THF)3 as raw materials. The structure of the MixMOFs graft PNP chromium catalyst was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, elemental analysis and ICP. The effects of catalytic system and reaction conditions on catalytic performance in ethylene oligomerization were investigated. The results showed that the catalyst exhibits better catalytic performance in ethylene oligomerization. When cyclohexane is used as solvent and Et2 AlCl is used as co-catalyst, the catalytic activity of 4.33×104g/(mol Cr·h) and more than 90% selectivity of less than C8 olefins are obtained under the condition of the reaction temperature 25℃, Al/Cr molar ratio 600 and ethylene pressure 1.0 MPa. Moreover, the activity and selectivity did not change significantly after reused three times, showing good reusability.
Mixture metal organic frameworks (MixMOFs) was synthesized with terephthalic acid, 2-amino-terephthalic acid and zinc nitrate hexahydrate as starting materials. Then a novel MixMOFs graft PNP chromium catalyst was synthesized by post synthetic modification and complexation with MixMOFs, chlorodiphenylphosphine and CrCl3(THF)3 as raw materials. The structure of the MixMOFs graft PNP chromium catalyst was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, elemental analysis and ICP. The effects of catalytic system and reaction conditions on catalytic performance in ethylene oligomerization were investigated. The results showed that the catalyst exhibits better catalytic performance in ethylene oligomerization. When cyclohexane is used as solvent and Et2 AlCl is used as co-catalyst, the catalytic activity of 4.33×104g/(mol Cr·h) and more than 90% selectivity of less than C8 olefins are obtained under the condition of the reaction temperature 25℃, Al/Cr molar ratio 600 and ethylene pressure 1.0 MPa. Moreover, the activity and selectivity did not change significantly after reused three times, showing good reusability.
2021, 84(5): 480-485
Abstract:
In this paper, four chiral biguanide-amide catalysts based on the BINOL framework were successfully synthesized and applied to the 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition and intramolecular tandem reaction of o-hydroxybenzaldehyde ylide and unsaturated azlactone. Using CHCl3 as the solvent and axial chiral guanidine (1b, 10(mol)%) as the catalyst, reacting at room temperature for 12 hours, a series of benzopyran derivatives can be obtained with good yield (73%~88%) and high enantioselectivity (72%~86%).
In this paper, four chiral biguanide-amide catalysts based on the BINOL framework were successfully synthesized and applied to the 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition and intramolecular tandem reaction of o-hydroxybenzaldehyde ylide and unsaturated azlactone. Using CHCl3 as the solvent and axial chiral guanidine (1b, 10(mol)%) as the catalyst, reacting at room temperature for 12 hours, a series of benzopyran derivatives can be obtained with good yield (73%~88%) and high enantioselectivity (72%~86%).
2021, 84(5): 486-496
Abstract:
Neddylation is a post-translational modification of protein, and its abnormality can lead to neurodegenerative diseases and a variety of tumors which is therefore regarded as a promising anti-tumor target. Blockage of DCN1-UBE2M interaction can selectively inhibit neddylation. In this paper, the study of 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies were carried out on the piperidinylurea DCN1-UBE2M interaction inhibitors. CoMFA and CoMSIA methods for 3D-QSAR were used to build the models, whose cross-validation coefficients q2 were 0.686 and 0.682, and the fitting verification coefficients r2 were 0.966 and 0.931, respectively, indicating the reliability of the model and its good predictive ability. Furthermore, molecular docking was used to analyze the interaction of piperidinylurea compounds with DCN1, and the results showed that they mainly bind to the target protein through hydrogen bond interaction and hydrophobic interaction. Study on molecular dynamics simulation further understand the binding model and verify the docking results. These research provided clues for structural optimization of such compounds.
Neddylation is a post-translational modification of protein, and its abnormality can lead to neurodegenerative diseases and a variety of tumors which is therefore regarded as a promising anti-tumor target. Blockage of DCN1-UBE2M interaction can selectively inhibit neddylation. In this paper, the study of 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies were carried out on the piperidinylurea DCN1-UBE2M interaction inhibitors. CoMFA and CoMSIA methods for 3D-QSAR were used to build the models, whose cross-validation coefficients q2 were 0.686 and 0.682, and the fitting verification coefficients r2 were 0.966 and 0.931, respectively, indicating the reliability of the model and its good predictive ability. Furthermore, molecular docking was used to analyze the interaction of piperidinylurea compounds with DCN1, and the results showed that they mainly bind to the target protein through hydrogen bond interaction and hydrophobic interaction. Study on molecular dynamics simulation further understand the binding model and verify the docking results. These research provided clues for structural optimization of such compounds.
2021, 84(5): 467-473
Abstract:
As our ongoing work on research of anti-HIV-1 inhibitors, 26 N-phenylsulfonyl-3-acetylindole carbonyl hydrazone derivatives 3a~3z were designed and prepared through a modified route. This procedure imbues the synthetic methodology with green credentials. All the target compounds were also well evaluated for their inhibitory activities against HIV-1 replication in vitro. The results demonstrated that compounds 3a, 3g, 3t and 3w~3y display significant anti-HIV-1 activity. In particular, the N-phenylsulfonyl-3-acetylindole 3-methylbenzoyl hydrazone (3a) and N-(3-nitro) phenylsulfonyl-3-acetyl-6-methylindole 2-thienylformyl hydrazine (3t) exhibit the most potent anti-HIV-1 activity with EC50 values of 0.77 and 0.74 μg/mL, and TI values of >259.74 and >270.27, respectively. Therefore, target compounds 3a and 3t might be identified as the promising candidates for further chemical optimization.
As our ongoing work on research of anti-HIV-1 inhibitors, 26 N-phenylsulfonyl-3-acetylindole carbonyl hydrazone derivatives 3a~3z were designed and prepared through a modified route. This procedure imbues the synthetic methodology with green credentials. All the target compounds were also well evaluated for their inhibitory activities against HIV-1 replication in vitro. The results demonstrated that compounds 3a, 3g, 3t and 3w~3y display significant anti-HIV-1 activity. In particular, the N-phenylsulfonyl-3-acetylindole 3-methylbenzoyl hydrazone (3a) and N-(3-nitro) phenylsulfonyl-3-acetyl-6-methylindole 2-thienylformyl hydrazine (3t) exhibit the most potent anti-HIV-1 activity with EC50 values of 0.77 and 0.74 μg/mL, and TI values of >259.74 and >270.27, respectively. Therefore, target compounds 3a and 3t might be identified as the promising candidates for further chemical optimization.
2021, 84(5): 497-505
Abstract:
The polarization and deformation of cations and anions is a pair of important concepts in inorganic chemistry education, which can be used to explain the structures, and many physical and chemical properties of compounds. However, in some textbooks, the descriptions on this pair of concepts are ambiguous, which leads to the students puzzled on the understanding of these concepts. In this paper, the fundamental definitions of the polarization and deformation of cations and anions are introduced, and then the influence factors on the concepts are discussed. By using the concepts-polarization and deformation, the structures, solubility, color and thermal stability of some compounds are analyzed. Especially, reasonable explanations are supplied to some disputable subjects in inorganic chemistry education. On the analysis of the structures of the small molecule compounds by using the concepts of polarization and deformation, the shortages of the hybrid orbital theory and the valence- shell electron pair repulsion theory can be compensated.
The polarization and deformation of cations and anions is a pair of important concepts in inorganic chemistry education, which can be used to explain the structures, and many physical and chemical properties of compounds. However, in some textbooks, the descriptions on this pair of concepts are ambiguous, which leads to the students puzzled on the understanding of these concepts. In this paper, the fundamental definitions of the polarization and deformation of cations and anions are introduced, and then the influence factors on the concepts are discussed. By using the concepts-polarization and deformation, the structures, solubility, color and thermal stability of some compounds are analyzed. Especially, reasonable explanations are supplied to some disputable subjects in inorganic chemistry education. On the analysis of the structures of the small molecule compounds by using the concepts of polarization and deformation, the shortages of the hybrid orbital theory and the valence- shell electron pair repulsion theory can be compensated.
2021, 84(5): 506-511
Abstract:
Through the textual analysis of the discovery process of silicon, it can be seen that with the rise of scientific experiments and the development of elemental views in the 17-18th century, scientists used logical thinking and intuitive thinking to foresee the existence of silicon based on practice. With the development of electrochemistry and analytical chemistry, scientists successfully prepared amorphous silicon and crystalline silicon in the 19th century. In the 1930s, the discovery of silicon isotopes gave people a new understanding of the concept of silicon. In short, with the evolution of scientific thinking and the development of scientific methods, the connotation of the concept of silicon is constantly evolving and changing.
Through the textual analysis of the discovery process of silicon, it can be seen that with the rise of scientific experiments and the development of elemental views in the 17-18th century, scientists used logical thinking and intuitive thinking to foresee the existence of silicon based on practice. With the development of electrochemistry and analytical chemistry, scientists successfully prepared amorphous silicon and crystalline silicon in the 19th century. In the 1930s, the discovery of silicon isotopes gave people a new understanding of the concept of silicon. In short, with the evolution of scientific thinking and the development of scientific methods, the connotation of the concept of silicon is constantly evolving and changing.
