Login In
2021 Volume 84 Issue 4
2021, 84(4): 290-304, 321
Abstract:
The separation of oil/water emulsions and mixtures is highly significant to the pollution treatments of industrial oily wastewaters and oil spills. Superwetting materials have showed promising potentials for oil/water separation and attracted great interests. The recent advances in oil/water separation technologies through filtration and absorption, particularly the separation materials based on low-cost and eco-friendly natural materials with surperwetting properties, are reviewed. For each material, such as sand, wood sheet, coconut shell, representative research works are introduced, and their preparation process, inherent or modified wettability, as well as the related oil/water separation applications are described. The separation mechanisms of oil/water mixtures, oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions with superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic and superhydrophobic/superoleophilic materials are reviewed and discussed. Finally, the challenges and future research directions of the field are prospected.
The separation of oil/water emulsions and mixtures is highly significant to the pollution treatments of industrial oily wastewaters and oil spills. Superwetting materials have showed promising potentials for oil/water separation and attracted great interests. The recent advances in oil/water separation technologies through filtration and absorption, particularly the separation materials based on low-cost and eco-friendly natural materials with surperwetting properties, are reviewed. For each material, such as sand, wood sheet, coconut shell, representative research works are introduced, and their preparation process, inherent or modified wettability, as well as the related oil/water separation applications are described. The separation mechanisms of oil/water mixtures, oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions with superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic and superhydrophobic/superoleophilic materials are reviewed and discussed. Finally, the challenges and future research directions of the field are prospected.
2021, 84(4): 305-312
Abstract:
SiO2 aerogel is a type of porous material with nanostructure. It has broad application prospects in the fields of acoustics, optics, thermotics, and electricity. However, poor mechanical properties limit its practical applications. At present, incorporating reinforcement into SiO2 aerogel is the most effective way to improve its mechanical properties, and commonly used reinforcement can be classified into fibers, polymers, nanomaterials, etc. The latest research progress of the reinforcement composite SiO2 aerogel is reviewed, the preparation method and the reinforcement mechanism are analyzed, and the future research focus on improving the mechanical properties of aerogel has been prospected.
SiO2 aerogel is a type of porous material with nanostructure. It has broad application prospects in the fields of acoustics, optics, thermotics, and electricity. However, poor mechanical properties limit its practical applications. At present, incorporating reinforcement into SiO2 aerogel is the most effective way to improve its mechanical properties, and commonly used reinforcement can be classified into fibers, polymers, nanomaterials, etc. The latest research progress of the reinforcement composite SiO2 aerogel is reviewed, the preparation method and the reinforcement mechanism are analyzed, and the future research focus on improving the mechanical properties of aerogel has been prospected.
2021, 84(4): 313-321
Abstract:
Vitrimer is a new kind of polymer based on covalent reversible cross-linking networks which can be reconstructed while maintaining the cross-linked structures, thus the vitrimer materials possess the advantages of both thermosetting polymers and thermoplastic polymers. Vitrimer materials based on the commonly used thermosets can not only exhibit excellent mechanical property and solvent resistance, but also can be flowable and re-processable like thermoplastics, which will provide an effective way for the recycle of cross-linked polymers from the source. The research on vitrimer has been growing fast in recent years, especially epoxy resin vitrimer is mostly and widely investigated. This paper focuses on introducting the design concept and characteristics of epoxy vitrimer, systematically summarizing and analyzing the typical research at present stage, elucidating the direction and challenge for epoxy vitrimer, and providing references for the development of high performance recyclable resins.
Vitrimer is a new kind of polymer based on covalent reversible cross-linking networks which can be reconstructed while maintaining the cross-linked structures, thus the vitrimer materials possess the advantages of both thermosetting polymers and thermoplastic polymers. Vitrimer materials based on the commonly used thermosets can not only exhibit excellent mechanical property and solvent resistance, but also can be flowable and re-processable like thermoplastics, which will provide an effective way for the recycle of cross-linked polymers from the source. The research on vitrimer has been growing fast in recent years, especially epoxy resin vitrimer is mostly and widely investigated. This paper focuses on introducting the design concept and characteristics of epoxy vitrimer, systematically summarizing and analyzing the typical research at present stage, elucidating the direction and challenge for epoxy vitrimer, and providing references for the development of high performance recyclable resins.
2021, 84(4): 322-329
Abstract:
The ionic liquid functionalized cyclodextrin compound (ILs-CD) combines the "internally hydrophobic and externally hydrophilic" cavities of cyclodextrin and the low toxicity, low vapor pressure, wide electrochemical window, thermal stability and high chemical stability from ILs. So ILs-CD is a new type of macrocyclic compound with great development potential. This article mainly classifies the synthesized ILs-CD compounds ascording to their different cations, and introduces their synthesis methods. Meanwhile, the applications of ILs-CD in different fields such as in electrochemistry, environment, food, medicine, catalysis, molecular imprinting technology and separation analysis were elaborated. The current situation and development of ILs-CD were summarized. This will provide the help for the preparation and application of ILs-CD in the future.
The ionic liquid functionalized cyclodextrin compound (ILs-CD) combines the "internally hydrophobic and externally hydrophilic" cavities of cyclodextrin and the low toxicity, low vapor pressure, wide electrochemical window, thermal stability and high chemical stability from ILs. So ILs-CD is a new type of macrocyclic compound with great development potential. This article mainly classifies the synthesized ILs-CD compounds ascording to their different cations, and introduces their synthesis methods. Meanwhile, the applications of ILs-CD in different fields such as in electrochemistry, environment, food, medicine, catalysis, molecular imprinting technology and separation analysis were elaborated. The current situation and development of ILs-CD were summarized. This will provide the help for the preparation and application of ILs-CD in the future.
2021, 84(4): 330-338
Abstract:
Inorganic hydrated salt phase change energy storage materials have the advantages of high latent heat, moderate phase transition temperature, low price, etc., and are widely applied in the field of efficient utilization of solar energy, inter-seasonal heat storage and heating, utilization of industrial waste heat, and textile industry. However, problems such as super-cooling, phase separation, and low thermal conductivity restrict their practical application. In this paper, the research progress of hydrated salt composite phase change energy storage materials in recent years is reviewed, and the causes of the phenomenon of super-cooling and phase separation in hydrated salt phase transition are analyzed. The degree of super-cooling can be reduced by the methods of nucleating agent, porous matrix adsorption, microcapsule and other methods. The phase separation can be improved by the methods of thickening agent, crystal shape changing agent and other methods. The property of thermal conductivity of hydrated salt phase change energy storage materials can be improved by combining with high thermal conductivity nano particles and porous thermal conductivity matrix. The future research directions of hydrated salt phase change energy storage materials are prospected, which can be studied from the aspects of combining with computational chemistry, searching for inorganic shell materials and exploring the eutectic system.
Inorganic hydrated salt phase change energy storage materials have the advantages of high latent heat, moderate phase transition temperature, low price, etc., and are widely applied in the field of efficient utilization of solar energy, inter-seasonal heat storage and heating, utilization of industrial waste heat, and textile industry. However, problems such as super-cooling, phase separation, and low thermal conductivity restrict their practical application. In this paper, the research progress of hydrated salt composite phase change energy storage materials in recent years is reviewed, and the causes of the phenomenon of super-cooling and phase separation in hydrated salt phase transition are analyzed. The degree of super-cooling can be reduced by the methods of nucleating agent, porous matrix adsorption, microcapsule and other methods. The phase separation can be improved by the methods of thickening agent, crystal shape changing agent and other methods. The property of thermal conductivity of hydrated salt phase change energy storage materials can be improved by combining with high thermal conductivity nano particles and porous thermal conductivity matrix. The future research directions of hydrated salt phase change energy storage materials are prospected, which can be studied from the aspects of combining with computational chemistry, searching for inorganic shell materials and exploring the eutectic system.
2021, 84(4): 339-345, 329
Abstract:
Rapid and effective detection of glucose plays an important role in maintaining human health, disease control and diagnosis, biological science and food science. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been successfully developed as a non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensor based on its catalytic activity and large specific surface area. Based on the unmodified MOFs, MOFs doped nanometer metal particles, metal and metal oxide core@MOFs, carbon nanomaterials@MOFs, and core-shell MOFs, the research progress in detecting glucose in recent years was reviewed, and the detection ability of doped materials was also reviewed, the future development of non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensors was prospected as well.
Rapid and effective detection of glucose plays an important role in maintaining human health, disease control and diagnosis, biological science and food science. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been successfully developed as a non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensor based on its catalytic activity and large specific surface area. Based on the unmodified MOFs, MOFs doped nanometer metal particles, metal and metal oxide core@MOFs, carbon nanomaterials@MOFs, and core-shell MOFs, the research progress in detecting glucose in recent years was reviewed, and the detection ability of doped materials was also reviewed, the future development of non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensors was prospected as well.
2021, 84(4): 346-352
Abstract:
The multi-component reaction is an important type of organic chemical reactions, which has the characteristics of simple operation and high atom economy. The classic Passerini reaction is a multi-component reaction which use an isocyanide, an aldehyde (or a ketone) and a carboxylic acid to synthesize an α-acyloxycarboxamide in one pot. As a class of important organic intermediates, α-acyloxycarboxamides have a wide range of uses, and can be used to further synthesize many important complex organic molecules such as drugs, natural products and functional materials. This article summarizes the new progress of Passerini reactions in the past 5 years from the perspective of reaction substrates, tandem reactions and related applications.
The multi-component reaction is an important type of organic chemical reactions, which has the characteristics of simple operation and high atom economy. The classic Passerini reaction is a multi-component reaction which use an isocyanide, an aldehyde (or a ketone) and a carboxylic acid to synthesize an α-acyloxycarboxamide in one pot. As a class of important organic intermediates, α-acyloxycarboxamides have a wide range of uses, and can be used to further synthesize many important complex organic molecules such as drugs, natural products and functional materials. This article summarizes the new progress of Passerini reactions in the past 5 years from the perspective of reaction substrates, tandem reactions and related applications.
2021, 84(4): 353-358
Abstract:
The preparation of biologically/pharmacologically active compounds via economical and environmentally friendly strategies have received increasing attention in the past century, and have shown great utility in organic synthesis, pharmaceutical chemistry and bio-chemistry. The recent development of transition metal catalyzed photoredox reaction sheds light on this problem. Nonetheless, the replacement of the rare-metal catalyst (Ru or Ir complexes) with earth-abundant metal catalysts (Chromium catalysts) is unambiguously more attractive for practical applications. To this end, the chromium complex as the photocatalyst have been successfully accomplished with high activities. The high chemo-, regio-and stereo-selectivity [2+N] cycloaddition of alkene/alkyne with photocatalysts was the most general protocol to form important ring motif in various natural products and medicinally active compounds. In this paper, the recent experimental and theoretical exploration on Cr complex catalyzed photoredox [2+N] cycloaddition reaction were reviewed. On this basis, the unsettled problems and future development direction were prospected. We hope the provided insights could benefit the deep understanding of Cr complexes catalysed [2+N] cycloaddition and the development of new first-row transition metal catalyst and synthetic strategies.
The preparation of biologically/pharmacologically active compounds via economical and environmentally friendly strategies have received increasing attention in the past century, and have shown great utility in organic synthesis, pharmaceutical chemistry and bio-chemistry. The recent development of transition metal catalyzed photoredox reaction sheds light on this problem. Nonetheless, the replacement of the rare-metal catalyst (Ru or Ir complexes) with earth-abundant metal catalysts (Chromium catalysts) is unambiguously more attractive for practical applications. To this end, the chromium complex as the photocatalyst have been successfully accomplished with high activities. The high chemo-, regio-and stereo-selectivity [2+N] cycloaddition of alkene/alkyne with photocatalysts was the most general protocol to form important ring motif in various natural products and medicinally active compounds. In this paper, the recent experimental and theoretical exploration on Cr complex catalyzed photoredox [2+N] cycloaddition reaction were reviewed. On this basis, the unsettled problems and future development direction were prospected. We hope the provided insights could benefit the deep understanding of Cr complexes catalysed [2+N] cycloaddition and the development of new first-row transition metal catalyst and synthetic strategies.
2021, 84(4): 359-364
Abstract:
Cyclohexanone oxime, an important organic intermediate, is widely applied in synthetic fiber, industrial manufacturing, medicine, and daily necessities. Many methods for the synthetic of cyclohexanone oxime are available, in which the cyclohexanone ammoximation reaction has attracted extensive attention because of the simple process, mild conditions, and no by-products. In this review, the research progress in the preparation of cyclohexanone oxime catalyst and continuous process are summarized. Although the TS-1 catalyst has made a great success at present, there are still some disadvantages such as high cost of the catalyst, difficulty in separating the reaction liquid from the catalyst, and blockage of the catalyst pores by the reaction liquid, resulting in catalyst deactivation. In addition, the research priorities for the development of efficient, green and stable TS-1 catalysts and the future research directions of the continuous cyclohexanone oxime process are prospected.
Cyclohexanone oxime, an important organic intermediate, is widely applied in synthetic fiber, industrial manufacturing, medicine, and daily necessities. Many methods for the synthetic of cyclohexanone oxime are available, in which the cyclohexanone ammoximation reaction has attracted extensive attention because of the simple process, mild conditions, and no by-products. In this review, the research progress in the preparation of cyclohexanone oxime catalyst and continuous process are summarized. Although the TS-1 catalyst has made a great success at present, there are still some disadvantages such as high cost of the catalyst, difficulty in separating the reaction liquid from the catalyst, and blockage of the catalyst pores by the reaction liquid, resulting in catalyst deactivation. In addition, the research priorities for the development of efficient, green and stable TS-1 catalysts and the future research directions of the continuous cyclohexanone oxime process are prospected.
2021, 84(4): 365-371
Abstract:
The coupling of zero-valent iron (ZVI) with microorganisms is a promising technology that has received widespread attention for contaminants removal from wastewater. The coupling technology effectively integrates the high efficiency of ZVI technology and the economics of anaerobic biotechnology, and effectively reduces the bioinhibition and toxicity of refractory organic substances under the synergistic effect of multiple microelectric field and anaerobic microorganisms. This article reviews the potential mechanism of this technology for industrial wastewater treatment, the main operating parameters and influencing conditions in practical applications, and the research progress in the treatment of biorefractory pollutants including chlorinated compounds, heavy metals and dyes. The current research status of ZVI and anaerobic microorganism coupling technology for high-efficiency removal of the above-mentioned pollutants is summarized, and the feasible strategies of this technology in practical engineering applications are prospected.
The coupling of zero-valent iron (ZVI) with microorganisms is a promising technology that has received widespread attention for contaminants removal from wastewater. The coupling technology effectively integrates the high efficiency of ZVI technology and the economics of anaerobic biotechnology, and effectively reduces the bioinhibition and toxicity of refractory organic substances under the synergistic effect of multiple microelectric field and anaerobic microorganisms. This article reviews the potential mechanism of this technology for industrial wastewater treatment, the main operating parameters and influencing conditions in practical applications, and the research progress in the treatment of biorefractory pollutants including chlorinated compounds, heavy metals and dyes. The current research status of ZVI and anaerobic microorganism coupling technology for high-efficiency removal of the above-mentioned pollutants is summarized, and the feasible strategies of this technology in practical engineering applications are prospected.
2021, 84(4): 372-376, 382
Abstract:
The discharge limit of antimony in wastewater is becoming stricter, and there is an urgent need for efficient and low-cost antimony removal technology in wastewater. First, the mature antimony wastewater treatment technologies and processes are introduced. Then combined with the preparation and characteristics of biochar, the obvious advantages of modified biochar technology applied to the removal and treatment of antimony in wastewater and the research results obtained at this stage are reviewed. The purpose is to provide a reference for the application and promotion of modified biochar technology for the removal of antimony in wastewater.
The discharge limit of antimony in wastewater is becoming stricter, and there is an urgent need for efficient and low-cost antimony removal technology in wastewater. First, the mature antimony wastewater treatment technologies and processes are introduced. Then combined with the preparation and characteristics of biochar, the obvious advantages of modified biochar technology applied to the removal and treatment of antimony in wastewater and the research results obtained at this stage are reviewed. The purpose is to provide a reference for the application and promotion of modified biochar technology for the removal of antimony in wastewater.
2021, 84(4): 377-382
Abstract:
In this paper, carbon nitride quantum dots (CN QDs) was successfully prepared by a facile hydrothermal reaction in pure water by using linear graphitic carbon nitride (Lg-CN) as starting material, without the existence of strong acid. The CN QDs were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TEM, XPS, and its optical properties were determined by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectra. In addition, the formation mechanism of CN QDs was elucidated. The results showed that in accordance with previous reports, on one side, the fluorescence of CN QDs is related to the excitation wavelength. On the other side, the fluorescent intensity and emission wavelength of CN QDs are influenced by the pH of CN QDs aqueous solution. Under pH 7, a maximum intensity was achieved. In addition, the fluorescence of CN QDs can be significantly quenched by Fe3+. So it can be used for selective determination of Fe3+. This new method for the synthesis of CN QDs provided in this manuscript can avoid both the tedious operations and the hazards caused by using of strong acids.
In this paper, carbon nitride quantum dots (CN QDs) was successfully prepared by a facile hydrothermal reaction in pure water by using linear graphitic carbon nitride (Lg-CN) as starting material, without the existence of strong acid. The CN QDs were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TEM, XPS, and its optical properties were determined by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectra. In addition, the formation mechanism of CN QDs was elucidated. The results showed that in accordance with previous reports, on one side, the fluorescence of CN QDs is related to the excitation wavelength. On the other side, the fluorescent intensity and emission wavelength of CN QDs are influenced by the pH of CN QDs aqueous solution. Under pH 7, a maximum intensity was achieved. In addition, the fluorescence of CN QDs can be significantly quenched by Fe3+. So it can be used for selective determination of Fe3+. This new method for the synthesis of CN QDs provided in this manuscript can avoid both the tedious operations and the hazards caused by using of strong acids.
2021, 84(4): 388-393
Abstract:
Resveratrol, a natural phytoalexin as well as a type of polyphenolic compound, exists in peanuts, wines, grapes and different berries. CopC is a redox switch for modulating copper, and its interaction with small molecules affects the switching function. This work focuses on investigating the resveratrol-CopC interaction using FTIR, CD, fluorescence lifetime, three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopic and molecular docking. As revealed by the FTIR, CD and fluorescence lifetime assays, the combination of resveratrol changed the conformation of CopC. The results suggested that the content of β-sheet decreased, and the content of random coil increased. The 3D fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking studies showed that after resveratrol is combined with CopC, the fluorescence spectrum appears blue shift, indicating that resveratrol may be bound to the hydrophobic region of CopC. Also, as demonstrated by the fluorescence quenching data, resveratrol and CopC present a binding ratio of 1∶1, and the obtained binding constant is (6.76±0.17)×105 L·mol-1. Based on thermodynamic parameters, CopC-resveratrol complex is formed under the impact of hydrophobic force. What's more, Förster non-radioactive resonance energy transfer together with molecular docking were used to determine the average binding distance between the resveratrol and the tryptophan in CopC. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. This study will provide help to clarify the copper regulation mechanism of CopC.
Resveratrol, a natural phytoalexin as well as a type of polyphenolic compound, exists in peanuts, wines, grapes and different berries. CopC is a redox switch for modulating copper, and its interaction with small molecules affects the switching function. This work focuses on investigating the resveratrol-CopC interaction using FTIR, CD, fluorescence lifetime, three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopic and molecular docking. As revealed by the FTIR, CD and fluorescence lifetime assays, the combination of resveratrol changed the conformation of CopC. The results suggested that the content of β-sheet decreased, and the content of random coil increased. The 3D fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking studies showed that after resveratrol is combined with CopC, the fluorescence spectrum appears blue shift, indicating that resveratrol may be bound to the hydrophobic region of CopC. Also, as demonstrated by the fluorescence quenching data, resveratrol and CopC present a binding ratio of 1∶1, and the obtained binding constant is (6.76±0.17)×105 L·mol-1. Based on thermodynamic parameters, CopC-resveratrol complex is formed under the impact of hydrophobic force. What's more, Förster non-radioactive resonance energy transfer together with molecular docking were used to determine the average binding distance between the resveratrol and the tryptophan in CopC. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. This study will provide help to clarify the copper regulation mechanism of CopC.
2021, 84(4): 394-399
Abstract:
The contact angle is a key physical parameter in the areas of colloid and surface chemistry, mineral flotation, washing, and oil and gas exploitation. In this study, an easy-to-use contact angle measurement method has been proposed. When the contact angle is less than 90°, the radius of the major axis and the minor axis of the ellipse and the coordinates of the oil-water-solid contact point are calculated; when the contact angle is greater than 90°, merely needs to select two points on the ellipse contour line and measure four data. The oil drop profile is converted into a PowerPoint (PPT) diagram with the MS Office PowerPoint software and the tangents calculated by the ellipse method are displayed on the diagram, which is conducive to reducing the influence of human factor on drawing tangents under the sessile drop method. When the contact angle is greater than 90°, the contact angle can be calculated according to the radius of the major axis and the minor axis of the ellipse on the PPT diagram. The research results of 11 kinds of oil-water-solid systems showed that the calculation method presented in this paper is consistent with the tangent method, the contact angle calculated by half angle method is 50°~60° larger than that measured by tangent method, so it is not suitable for application.
The contact angle is a key physical parameter in the areas of colloid and surface chemistry, mineral flotation, washing, and oil and gas exploitation. In this study, an easy-to-use contact angle measurement method has been proposed. When the contact angle is less than 90°, the radius of the major axis and the minor axis of the ellipse and the coordinates of the oil-water-solid contact point are calculated; when the contact angle is greater than 90°, merely needs to select two points on the ellipse contour line and measure four data. The oil drop profile is converted into a PowerPoint (PPT) diagram with the MS Office PowerPoint software and the tangents calculated by the ellipse method are displayed on the diagram, which is conducive to reducing the influence of human factor on drawing tangents under the sessile drop method. When the contact angle is greater than 90°, the contact angle can be calculated according to the radius of the major axis and the minor axis of the ellipse on the PPT diagram. The research results of 11 kinds of oil-water-solid systems showed that the calculation method presented in this paper is consistent with the tangent method, the contact angle calculated by half angle method is 50°~60° larger than that measured by tangent method, so it is not suitable for application.
2021, 84(4): 383-387, 399
Abstract:
A novel 1, 2, 4-oxadiazol derivative N-(2, 6-dichloro-4-(1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-3-yl) phenyl)-2-methoxynicotinamide (C15H10Cl2N4O3) was synthesized, and the structure was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to the triclinic system, space group P1 with a=7.1291 (9), b=8.4352 (10), c=14.0021 (18) Å, α=73.834 (3)°, β=77.407 (3)°, γ=70.019 (3)°, Mr=366.18, V=752.97 (16) Å3, Z=2, Dc=1.611 g/cm3, μ(MoKα)=0.454 mm-1, F(000)=372.0, and Rint=0.023. The preliminary biological results suggested that the titled compound has obvious inhibitory effect on LoVo, A549, SK-BR-3, and HeLa cell lines, especially the inhibitory activity on HeLa cells was comparable to the positive drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).
A novel 1, 2, 4-oxadiazol derivative N-(2, 6-dichloro-4-(1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-3-yl) phenyl)-2-methoxynicotinamide (C15H10Cl2N4O3) was synthesized, and the structure was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to the triclinic system, space group P1 with a=7.1291 (9), b=8.4352 (10), c=14.0021 (18) Å, α=73.834 (3)°, β=77.407 (3)°, γ=70.019 (3)°, Mr=366.18, V=752.97 (16) Å3, Z=2, Dc=1.611 g/cm3, μ(MoKα)=0.454 mm-1, F(000)=372.0, and Rint=0.023. The preliminary biological results suggested that the titled compound has obvious inhibitory effect on LoVo, A549, SK-BR-3, and HeLa cell lines, especially the inhibitory activity on HeLa cells was comparable to the positive drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).
