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2021 Volume 84 Issue 2
2021, 84(2): 98-107
Abstract:
Cell is the structural and functional unit of organisms. Studying the spatiotemporal distribution and activity of specific biomolecules in living cells would provide valuable information in understanding various biological processes. Fluorescence imaging technology has showed great potential for live-cell imaging. On the other hand, development of high-performance fluorescent probes has become a major bottleneck in this field. Functional nucleic acids (FNAs) are a class of oligonucleotides with specific chemical and/or biological functions, including natural ribozymes and riboswitches, as well as aptamers and DNAzymes screened through the SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) technique. Taking advantages of simple synthesis, low immunogenicity, small size, high chemical stability, easy modification, FNAs have received extensive attention in the fields of bio-analysis and bio-imaging. This review summarizes the recent applications of FNA in fluorescence cell imaging, and points out the challenges and future prospects in this field.
Cell is the structural and functional unit of organisms. Studying the spatiotemporal distribution and activity of specific biomolecules in living cells would provide valuable information in understanding various biological processes. Fluorescence imaging technology has showed great potential for live-cell imaging. On the other hand, development of high-performance fluorescent probes has become a major bottleneck in this field. Functional nucleic acids (FNAs) are a class of oligonucleotides with specific chemical and/or biological functions, including natural ribozymes and riboswitches, as well as aptamers and DNAzymes screened through the SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) technique. Taking advantages of simple synthesis, low immunogenicity, small size, high chemical stability, easy modification, FNAs have received extensive attention in the fields of bio-analysis and bio-imaging. This review summarizes the recent applications of FNA in fluorescence cell imaging, and points out the challenges and future prospects in this field.
2021, 84(2): 108-119, 148
Abstract:
Titanium dioxide attracts great attentions for its important applications in many fields, especially in photoelectronic conversion and photocatalysis due to its excellent light stability, non-toxicity and easy preparation. However, its relatively poor charge transport property and wide bandgap are two main limitations for its extensive application in light-responsive materials. To meet such challenges, two strategies including ion doping and going nanoscale are used and demonstrated to be effective in regulating its band gap structure and charge transport behavior. Ion doping can be divided into two categories, metal doping and nonmetal doping, according to the properties of the impurity elements. Besides, compared with traditional titanium dioxide, nano-sized titanium dioxide possesses larger surface areas and special nanosized effect, resulting in higher chemical activity and heat resistance. In this review, we focused on the research progress of non-metallic element doped titanium dioxide. Emphases was put on the relationship within the doping element, the band gap structure, visible light responsibility and photocatalytic performance of the hybrid titanium dioxide. Additionally, the application of non-metallic element doped titanium dioxide was also involved.
Titanium dioxide attracts great attentions for its important applications in many fields, especially in photoelectronic conversion and photocatalysis due to its excellent light stability, non-toxicity and easy preparation. However, its relatively poor charge transport property and wide bandgap are two main limitations for its extensive application in light-responsive materials. To meet such challenges, two strategies including ion doping and going nanoscale are used and demonstrated to be effective in regulating its band gap structure and charge transport behavior. Ion doping can be divided into two categories, metal doping and nonmetal doping, according to the properties of the impurity elements. Besides, compared with traditional titanium dioxide, nano-sized titanium dioxide possesses larger surface areas and special nanosized effect, resulting in higher chemical activity and heat resistance. In this review, we focused on the research progress of non-metallic element doped titanium dioxide. Emphases was put on the relationship within the doping element, the band gap structure, visible light responsibility and photocatalytic performance of the hybrid titanium dioxide. Additionally, the application of non-metallic element doped titanium dioxide was also involved.
2021, 84(2): 120-128
Abstract:
Ruthenium catalysts are emerging noble metal catalysts in recent years. Their supported catalysts have many advantages, such as low cost, recyclability and good catalytic performance, which has attracted extensive attention of researchers. The synthesis and application of supported ruthenium based catalysts in ammonia synthesis, hydrogenation and oxidation were reviewed. The support and promoters, preparation methods and catalytic performance in the reaction process were mainly described, and the existing problems in current reactions were summarized. Finally, the urgent problems to be solved at present and the main development trend in the future were proposed.
Ruthenium catalysts are emerging noble metal catalysts in recent years. Their supported catalysts have many advantages, such as low cost, recyclability and good catalytic performance, which has attracted extensive attention of researchers. The synthesis and application of supported ruthenium based catalysts in ammonia synthesis, hydrogenation and oxidation were reviewed. The support and promoters, preparation methods and catalytic performance in the reaction process were mainly described, and the existing problems in current reactions were summarized. Finally, the urgent problems to be solved at present and the main development trend in the future were proposed.
2021, 84(2): 129-138
Abstract:
The preparation methods and synthesis factors of SAPO-34 zeolites are important factors affecting its physicochemical properties such as crystal morphology, grain size, acidity and pore structure, which are closely related to the catalytic performance of SAPO-34 zeolites. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of conventional hydrothermal synthesis, microwave-assisted synthesis, dry gel conversion synthesis and solvent-free synthesis were compared and analyzed. The influences of preparation parameters such as template agent, Si/Al ratio, H2O/Al2O3, silicon source, aluminum source and metal modification on the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of SAPO-34 zeolites were emphatically introduced. Its catalytic applications such as methanol to light olefins, ammonia selective catalytic reduction of NOx and hydrocarbon catalytic cracking to light olefins were briefly summarized. It provides some reference significance and research ideas for the design and preparation of new and efficient SAPO-34 zeolites.
The preparation methods and synthesis factors of SAPO-34 zeolites are important factors affecting its physicochemical properties such as crystal morphology, grain size, acidity and pore structure, which are closely related to the catalytic performance of SAPO-34 zeolites. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of conventional hydrothermal synthesis, microwave-assisted synthesis, dry gel conversion synthesis and solvent-free synthesis were compared and analyzed. The influences of preparation parameters such as template agent, Si/Al ratio, H2O/Al2O3, silicon source, aluminum source and metal modification on the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of SAPO-34 zeolites were emphatically introduced. Its catalytic applications such as methanol to light olefins, ammonia selective catalytic reduction of NOx and hydrocarbon catalytic cracking to light olefins were briefly summarized. It provides some reference significance and research ideas for the design and preparation of new and efficient SAPO-34 zeolites.
2021, 84(2): 139-148
Abstract:
In recent years, antibiotics have been widely used as basic therapeutic drugs in medicine, animal husbandry, aquaculture industries and so on. However, we are now facing serious contamination of antibiotics (e.g., ecological environment and food) and the associated health concerns because of their uncontrolled disposal. In an effort to resolve this problem, nanostructured electrochemical platforms comprising of diverse materials have been proposed to rapidly detect antibiotic residues, and considerable progress has been made. Here, various nano-electrochemical sensors for detection of antibiotics residues are reviewed. The present review begins with a brief introduction to antibiotics followed by an analysis of the electrochemical properties of antibiotics. Then, the review summaries the application of existing nano-electrochemical platforms comprising of diverse nanostructured materials to highlight the significance of the nanomaterials for detection of antibiotics in diverse matrices. Finally, we provide an outlook on the future concepts of this research field to help upgrade the detecting techniques for antibiotics.
In recent years, antibiotics have been widely used as basic therapeutic drugs in medicine, animal husbandry, aquaculture industries and so on. However, we are now facing serious contamination of antibiotics (e.g., ecological environment and food) and the associated health concerns because of their uncontrolled disposal. In an effort to resolve this problem, nanostructured electrochemical platforms comprising of diverse materials have been proposed to rapidly detect antibiotic residues, and considerable progress has been made. Here, various nano-electrochemical sensors for detection of antibiotics residues are reviewed. The present review begins with a brief introduction to antibiotics followed by an analysis of the electrochemical properties of antibiotics. Then, the review summaries the application of existing nano-electrochemical platforms comprising of diverse nanostructured materials to highlight the significance of the nanomaterials for detection of antibiotics in diverse matrices. Finally, we provide an outlook on the future concepts of this research field to help upgrade the detecting techniques for antibiotics.
2021, 84(2): 149-153, 166
Abstract:
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a new type of nanostructure materials, which have attracted much attention due to their unique properties. COFs with high crystallinity, adjustable pore size, large specific surface area, good oxidation resistance and unique molecular structure, have been widely used in energy and environment aspects. COFs materials have high economic benefits, which urge people to study their basic properties and regulate their structure and function to improve their performance. Through the designability of COFs, on-demand synthesized structure-performance related materials are ideal candidate materials to solve the persistent challenges of sustainable energy and environment (such as gas storage, gas separation, catalysis, environmental remediation and chemical sensing).
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a new type of nanostructure materials, which have attracted much attention due to their unique properties. COFs with high crystallinity, adjustable pore size, large specific surface area, good oxidation resistance and unique molecular structure, have been widely used in energy and environment aspects. COFs materials have high economic benefits, which urge people to study their basic properties and regulate their structure and function to improve their performance. Through the designability of COFs, on-demand synthesized structure-performance related materials are ideal candidate materials to solve the persistent challenges of sustainable energy and environment (such as gas storage, gas separation, catalysis, environmental remediation and chemical sensing).
2021, 84(2): 154-161, 171
Abstract:
In the present investigation, a simple and facile synthesis of a series of structurally novel and intriguing quinoxaline-based isoindolin-1-ones through the one-step reaction of ethyl 3-bromomethylquinoxaline-2-carboxylatewith with arylamines or aliphatic amines in refluxing ethanol medium has been described. The preliminary screening for their in vitro anti-tumor activity against A549 and HT29 using the MTT assay revealed that halo-substituted (F, Cl, Br, I) compounds 7h~7k showed promising inhibitory activity, among which fluro-substituted 7h possessed the best activity against the two cell lines with the IC50 values of 1.50 and 3.77 μg/mL, respectively, which were higher than that of the reference drug cisplatin.
In the present investigation, a simple and facile synthesis of a series of structurally novel and intriguing quinoxaline-based isoindolin-1-ones through the one-step reaction of ethyl 3-bromomethylquinoxaline-2-carboxylatewith with arylamines or aliphatic amines in refluxing ethanol medium has been described. The preliminary screening for their in vitro anti-tumor activity against A549 and HT29 using the MTT assay revealed that halo-substituted (F, Cl, Br, I) compounds 7h~7k showed promising inhibitory activity, among which fluro-substituted 7h possessed the best activity against the two cell lines with the IC50 values of 1.50 and 3.77 μg/mL, respectively, which were higher than that of the reference drug cisplatin.
2021, 84(2): 162-166
Abstract:
Using 2, 3-diaminopyridine and 2, 3-butanedione as the starting material, ten new piperido [2, 3-b]piperazine derivatives (3a~3j) were synthesized by cyclization, catalytic hydrogenation and nucleophilic substitution reaction. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. The in vitro antiplatelet aggregation activity study showed that compounds 3d, 3e, 3g, 3h and 3j had a certain antiplatelet aggregation effect, and the activity of compound 3h (IC50=1.24 mmol/L) was significantly better than that of the lead compound ligustrazine (IC50=3.96 mmol/L) and the positive drug aspirin (IC50=2.41 mmol/L).
Using 2, 3-diaminopyridine and 2, 3-butanedione as the starting material, ten new piperido [2, 3-b]piperazine derivatives (3a~3j) were synthesized by cyclization, catalytic hydrogenation and nucleophilic substitution reaction. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. The in vitro antiplatelet aggregation activity study showed that compounds 3d, 3e, 3g, 3h and 3j had a certain antiplatelet aggregation effect, and the activity of compound 3h (IC50=1.24 mmol/L) was significantly better than that of the lead compound ligustrazine (IC50=3.96 mmol/L) and the positive drug aspirin (IC50=2.41 mmol/L).
2021, 84(2): 167-171
Abstract:
Cobalt-terephthalic acid metal organic framework material (Co(BDC)) was synthesized through a hydrothermal method and characterized by scanning electron microscope and infrared spectrum. The hybrid material of Co(BDC) and sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) was cast on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to get a modified electrode Co(BDC)-PAAS/GCE for the electrochemical detection of CIP. The electrochemical study showed that Co(BDC) exhibited high catalytic effect on the reduction of CIP. The results showed that the peak current increased with the CIP concentration in the range of 3.0×10-9~1.5×10-8 mol/L with a calibration equation of I (μA)=99.8CCIP+5.74(R2=0.989), and in the range of 1.5×10-8~1.5×10-7 mol/L with a calibration equation of I (μA)=11.09CCIP+7.09 (R2=0.992). The detection limit is 1.0×10-9 mol/L (S/N=3). The Co(BDC)-PAAS/GCE exhibited excellent reproducibility, good stability and good selectivity and was successfully applied to the determination of CIP in aquatic samples. Recoveries obtained for the determination of CIP in spiked samples were between 95.0% and 101.9%.
Cobalt-terephthalic acid metal organic framework material (Co(BDC)) was synthesized through a hydrothermal method and characterized by scanning electron microscope and infrared spectrum. The hybrid material of Co(BDC) and sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) was cast on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to get a modified electrode Co(BDC)-PAAS/GCE for the electrochemical detection of CIP. The electrochemical study showed that Co(BDC) exhibited high catalytic effect on the reduction of CIP. The results showed that the peak current increased with the CIP concentration in the range of 3.0×10-9~1.5×10-8 mol/L with a calibration equation of I (μA)=99.8CCIP+5.74(R2=0.989), and in the range of 1.5×10-8~1.5×10-7 mol/L with a calibration equation of I (μA)=11.09CCIP+7.09 (R2=0.992). The detection limit is 1.0×10-9 mol/L (S/N=3). The Co(BDC)-PAAS/GCE exhibited excellent reproducibility, good stability and good selectivity and was successfully applied to the determination of CIP in aquatic samples. Recoveries obtained for the determination of CIP in spiked samples were between 95.0% and 101.9%.
2021, 84(2): 172-177
Abstract:
In this work, micro-nano-scale carbon electrodes were successfully prepared by flame etching and glass capillary tubes encapsulation. Pt clusters of different sizes, such as single atom, 3 atoms, 5 atoms, were obtained on as-prepared carbon electrodes by electrochemical deposition through regulating the parameters, such as electrolyte concentration, deposition strategy and deposition time. The size of Pt clusters was calculated using limiting current of the catalytic hydrogen reduction on as-prepared electrodes in an acidic solution. Meanwhile, the hydrogen evolution characteristics of Pt clusters were compared using linear scanning voltammetry, and the stability of Pt single atom was evaluated by consulting cyclic voltammetry. This study can provide an important reference for the study of the electrodeposition and properties of single-atom and few-atom metal clusters.
In this work, micro-nano-scale carbon electrodes were successfully prepared by flame etching and glass capillary tubes encapsulation. Pt clusters of different sizes, such as single atom, 3 atoms, 5 atoms, were obtained on as-prepared carbon electrodes by electrochemical deposition through regulating the parameters, such as electrolyte concentration, deposition strategy and deposition time. The size of Pt clusters was calculated using limiting current of the catalytic hydrogen reduction on as-prepared electrodes in an acidic solution. Meanwhile, the hydrogen evolution characteristics of Pt clusters were compared using linear scanning voltammetry, and the stability of Pt single atom was evaluated by consulting cyclic voltammetry. This study can provide an important reference for the study of the electrodeposition and properties of single-atom and few-atom metal clusters.
2021, 84(2): 178-181
Abstract:
A series of quinoline derivatives were successfully obtained through opening-cyclization reaction of 3-amino-2-cyclobutanones in the presence of acid. By screening the reaction solvent, catalyst, temperature, feed ratio and other factors, the optimal reaction conditions were obtained. The method exhibits many advantages such as low temperature, high yield, rapid response and so on, and it establishes a simple and effective new method for the synthesis of quinoline derivatives.
A series of quinoline derivatives were successfully obtained through opening-cyclization reaction of 3-amino-2-cyclobutanones in the presence of acid. By screening the reaction solvent, catalyst, temperature, feed ratio and other factors, the optimal reaction conditions were obtained. The method exhibits many advantages such as low temperature, high yield, rapid response and so on, and it establishes a simple and effective new method for the synthesis of quinoline derivatives.
2021, 84(2): 182-184
Abstract:
The paper presents a strict definition for the law of equal amount of substance in titration: the amount of substance of electron lost is equal to the amount of substance of electron got in oxide-reduction titration; the amount of substance of proton lost equals the amount of substance of proton got in neutralization titration; the amount of substance of negative charge equals the amount of substance of positive charge in precipitation titration; the amount of substance of metal ions is equal to the amount of substance of complexone in complexometry. The law can be expressed by follow formula,\begin{document}$ \sum\limits_{i = 1}^{i = k} {\Delta n\left( {\frac{1}{{{z_{Ai}}}}} \right)} {A_i} = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^{i = p} {\Delta n\left( {\frac{1}{{{z_{Bi}}}}} \right)} {B_i}$\end{document}
The paper presents a strict definition for the law of equal amount of substance in titration: the amount of substance of electron lost is equal to the amount of substance of electron got in oxide-reduction titration; the amount of substance of proton lost equals the amount of substance of proton got in neutralization titration; the amount of substance of negative charge equals the amount of substance of positive charge in precipitation titration; the amount of substance of metal ions is equal to the amount of substance of complexone in complexometry. The law can be expressed by follow formula,
2021, 84(2): 185-191
Abstract:
In 1914, American physicist Bridgman accidentally produced black phosphorus and proved that it was a new variant of phosphorus, but for a long time it did not attract much attention. After the mid-20th century, the preparation of black phosphorus has been developed to a certain extent. In 2014, researchers successfully prepared a two-dimensional black phosphorus field effect transistor, subsequently, it was found that black phosphorus has great application potential in energy storage devices, optoelectronic devices, photocatalysis, bio-sensing and other fields. With the development of preparation methods of black phosphorus and the deepening of people's understanding of black phosphorus, the application of black phosphorus will also have a broader prospect.
In 1914, American physicist Bridgman accidentally produced black phosphorus and proved that it was a new variant of phosphorus, but for a long time it did not attract much attention. After the mid-20th century, the preparation of black phosphorus has been developed to a certain extent. In 2014, researchers successfully prepared a two-dimensional black phosphorus field effect transistor, subsequently, it was found that black phosphorus has great application potential in energy storage devices, optoelectronic devices, photocatalysis, bio-sensing and other fields. With the development of preparation methods of black phosphorus and the deepening of people's understanding of black phosphorus, the application of black phosphorus will also have a broader prospect.
