Login In
2020 Volume 83 Issue 6
2020, 83(6): 482-487, 496
Abstract:
The energy crisis is becoming a major challenge facing all human beings, and the increasingly severe environmental problems have urged the increasing demand for clean energy. Carbon materials owing to their excellent physical and chemical properties have shown potentials. Recently, researchers have used micro/nano processing technology to prepare carbon-based materials of various dimensions to capture ambient energy, which is considered to be an efficient way of harvesting renewable and clean energy. From the perspective of different forms of energy made use of, this paper aims to give an introduction over the research advances in the different dimensional carbon materials for nanoscale power generation devices. The potential applications of carbon-based nanogenerator in wearable devices, sensors and beyond are presented.
The energy crisis is becoming a major challenge facing all human beings, and the increasingly severe environmental problems have urged the increasing demand for clean energy. Carbon materials owing to their excellent physical and chemical properties have shown potentials. Recently, researchers have used micro/nano processing technology to prepare carbon-based materials of various dimensions to capture ambient energy, which is considered to be an efficient way of harvesting renewable and clean energy. From the perspective of different forms of energy made use of, this paper aims to give an introduction over the research advances in the different dimensional carbon materials for nanoscale power generation devices. The potential applications of carbon-based nanogenerator in wearable devices, sensors and beyond are presented.
2020, 83(6): 488-496
Abstract:
Mitochondria are bilayer-membrane organelles that are found in most cells. They are called as "Energy factories" as they can generate energy through the respiratory chain. Mitochondria are involved in cell differentiation, signaling and apoptosis, and they can also regulate cell growth and cell cycle. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with many human diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Due to its important role in both cells and organisms, mitochondria have been the focus of research for a long time. This review provides the latest progress of mitochondrial-specific detection and regulation.
Mitochondria are bilayer-membrane organelles that are found in most cells. They are called as "Energy factories" as they can generate energy through the respiratory chain. Mitochondria are involved in cell differentiation, signaling and apoptosis, and they can also regulate cell growth and cell cycle. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with many human diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Due to its important role in both cells and organisms, mitochondria have been the focus of research for a long time. This review provides the latest progress of mitochondrial-specific detection and regulation.
2020, 83(6): 497-507
Abstract:
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is vastly prevalent in genome mutations, which has been proved to be highly associated with various types of diseases. While sequencing detection plays a vital part in SNP detection, its dependence on equipment and time consumption confines the clinical application. This review focuses on sequencing-free detection of SNP. Thermodynamic aspects are first discussed, followed by major detection strategies:hybridization-based detection, strand displacement reaction, and enzyme-mediated detection. Three categories of detection methods are then elucidated. In three-dimensional homogeneous detection, signal switch strategies such as fluorophore switch, enzyme recognition switch, and field effect switch are elaborated. Three-dimentional detection in situ provides the location of SNP in addition to its presence, showing advantages in SNP detection in heterogeneous cells. In two-dimensional interface detection, despite the compromised reaction rate and hybridization efficiency, the nature of chip detection facilitates multiplexed detection as well as minimized interferences. Corrected chips like DNA tetrahedron-structured probes (TSP) show optimized detection sensitivity and specificity. Setbacks and further research directions in the field are also discussed.
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is vastly prevalent in genome mutations, which has been proved to be highly associated with various types of diseases. While sequencing detection plays a vital part in SNP detection, its dependence on equipment and time consumption confines the clinical application. This review focuses on sequencing-free detection of SNP. Thermodynamic aspects are first discussed, followed by major detection strategies:hybridization-based detection, strand displacement reaction, and enzyme-mediated detection. Three categories of detection methods are then elucidated. In three-dimensional homogeneous detection, signal switch strategies such as fluorophore switch, enzyme recognition switch, and field effect switch are elaborated. Three-dimentional detection in situ provides the location of SNP in addition to its presence, showing advantages in SNP detection in heterogeneous cells. In two-dimensional interface detection, despite the compromised reaction rate and hybridization efficiency, the nature of chip detection facilitates multiplexed detection as well as minimized interferences. Corrected chips like DNA tetrahedron-structured probes (TSP) show optimized detection sensitivity and specificity. Setbacks and further research directions in the field are also discussed.
2020, 83(6): 508-515
Abstract:
A series of environmental and energy issues today has forced humans to find clean alternative fuels to replace traditional fossil fuels. As a carbon-free fuel, ammonia has the advantages of high energy density, low cost and high safety. In recent years, it has attracted more and more scholars' attention and become a research hotspot. This review introduces the physicochemical properties and combustion characteristics of ammonia fuel. The combustion characteristics of ammonia/various fuels are also discussed in detail, such as burning speed, flame structure, pollutant formation, etc. The application of ammonia in engines and the combustion mechanism are summarized. The problems to be further studied are pointed out and the development direction of the ammonia combustion research is prospected.
A series of environmental and energy issues today has forced humans to find clean alternative fuels to replace traditional fossil fuels. As a carbon-free fuel, ammonia has the advantages of high energy density, low cost and high safety. In recent years, it has attracted more and more scholars' attention and become a research hotspot. This review introduces the physicochemical properties and combustion characteristics of ammonia fuel. The combustion characteristics of ammonia/various fuels are also discussed in detail, such as burning speed, flame structure, pollutant formation, etc. The application of ammonia in engines and the combustion mechanism are summarized. The problems to be further studied are pointed out and the development direction of the ammonia combustion research is prospected.
2020, 83(6): 516-528
Abstract:
Nitric oxide(NO), a kind of biological small molecule, has been widely concerned by scientists for its important physiological and pathological functions. The design and development of high-selectivity, ultra-sensitive, low-toxicity NO molecular fluorescent probes are of great significance in environmental testing, food safety, and NO detection in humans. In this paper, the recognition mechanism of NO by small molecule fluorescent probes from the formation of azole ring, spironolactam ring opening, reductive deamination, aromatization of dihydropyridine, NO and metal complex in the reaction, the reaction with non-metal Se and the formation of nitrosamines, the research progress of NO small molecule fluorescent probes in recent years is reviewed. The works of NO probe design and its recognition performance research are summarized, and the future design ideas and key research directions of NO fluorescence probes are also discussed.
Nitric oxide(NO), a kind of biological small molecule, has been widely concerned by scientists for its important physiological and pathological functions. The design and development of high-selectivity, ultra-sensitive, low-toxicity NO molecular fluorescent probes are of great significance in environmental testing, food safety, and NO detection in humans. In this paper, the recognition mechanism of NO by small molecule fluorescent probes from the formation of azole ring, spironolactam ring opening, reductive deamination, aromatization of dihydropyridine, NO and metal complex in the reaction, the reaction with non-metal Se and the formation of nitrosamines, the research progress of NO small molecule fluorescent probes in recent years is reviewed. The works of NO probe design and its recognition performance research are summarized, and the future design ideas and key research directions of NO fluorescence probes are also discussed.
2020, 83(6): 529-535
Abstract:
The[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b] [1,3,4]thiadiazine as a promising active group has received extensive attention because of its pharmacological activities in antibacterial, anti-tumor and other aspects in the field of medicine and chemistry. In this paper, based on the syntheses of compounds containing triazolidazide structure and their anti-tumor, antibacterial and other activities in recent years, the research on[1,2,4] triazolazine[3,4-b] [1,3,4] thiadiazine compounds was analyzed and summarized, so as to provide reference for the design and synthesis of these novel antitumor compounds.
The[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b] [1,3,4]thiadiazine as a promising active group has received extensive attention because of its pharmacological activities in antibacterial, anti-tumor and other aspects in the field of medicine and chemistry. In this paper, based on the syntheses of compounds containing triazolidazide structure and their anti-tumor, antibacterial and other activities in recent years, the research on[1,2,4] triazolazine[3,4-b] [1,3,4] thiadiazine compounds was analyzed and summarized, so as to provide reference for the design and synthesis of these novel antitumor compounds.
2020, 83(6): 536-545
Abstract:
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a non-toxic, lipophilic and hydrophilic compound which characterized with high biocompatibility and non-immunogenicity. Chitosan (CTS) can be transformed into PEGylated chitosan by introducing PEG into its sugar chain. It not only maintains the natural and excellent biodegradability of chitosan, but also has better water solubility and ability to bind organic compounds. The fields concerned with the application of CTS can be expanded through PEGylated modification. On basis of the relevant research traits in the past 20 years, the preparation of PEGylated chitosans and their application in the domains of drug loading and controlled release, tissue engineering, antibacterial materials, bioactive material delivery and environmental protection are summarized, and the future development trend is prospected.
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a non-toxic, lipophilic and hydrophilic compound which characterized with high biocompatibility and non-immunogenicity. Chitosan (CTS) can be transformed into PEGylated chitosan by introducing PEG into its sugar chain. It not only maintains the natural and excellent biodegradability of chitosan, but also has better water solubility and ability to bind organic compounds. The fields concerned with the application of CTS can be expanded through PEGylated modification. On basis of the relevant research traits in the past 20 years, the preparation of PEGylated chitosans and their application in the domains of drug loading and controlled release, tissue engineering, antibacterial materials, bioactive material delivery and environmental protection are summarized, and the future development trend is prospected.
2020, 83(6): 546-551, 535
Abstract:
The screening of template molecules, functional monomers, crosslinking agents and porogens using the traditional molecular imprinting techniques usually depends on experience, and the synthesis conditions are generally optimized through repeated experiments. There are some problems such as long experiment cycle and large consumption of materials, etc. The application of computer molecular simulation technology plays a predictable guiding role in the experimental process, and can realize the precise tailoring of identification sites and the design of the driving force for recognition. The stability of the recognition system is optimized through the calculation of binding energy and other physical and chemical characteristic parameters, thus template molecules, functional monomers, crosslinking agents and porogens can be selected rationally, and the polymerization conditions are optimized so that the specificity and affinity of polymer recognition can be improved. The experimental cycle is concise and efficient, more in line with the concept of green chemistry. In this paper, computer molecular simulation technology is briefly introduced, especially its guiding role in molecular imprinting technology is reviewed, and its application in molecular imprinting technology is prospected.
The screening of template molecules, functional monomers, crosslinking agents and porogens using the traditional molecular imprinting techniques usually depends on experience, and the synthesis conditions are generally optimized through repeated experiments. There are some problems such as long experiment cycle and large consumption of materials, etc. The application of computer molecular simulation technology plays a predictable guiding role in the experimental process, and can realize the precise tailoring of identification sites and the design of the driving force for recognition. The stability of the recognition system is optimized through the calculation of binding energy and other physical and chemical characteristic parameters, thus template molecules, functional monomers, crosslinking agents and porogens can be selected rationally, and the polymerization conditions are optimized so that the specificity and affinity of polymer recognition can be improved. The experimental cycle is concise and efficient, more in line with the concept of green chemistry. In this paper, computer molecular simulation technology is briefly introduced, especially its guiding role in molecular imprinting technology is reviewed, and its application in molecular imprinting technology is prospected.
2020, 83(6): 552-556, 507
Abstract:
The regular silica aerogel was synthesized through a one-step process using TEOS as precursor, ethanol as solvent and hydrofluoric acid as catalyst. After alcohol supercritical drying, the silica aerogel sample was characterized by SEM, FTIR, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms to better understand the relationship of the adsorption mechanism-property. The results indicated that the sample has a high specific surface area of 519m2/g, a pore volume of 1.9cm3/g and a large pore size of 15.15nm. The adsorption properties of the prepared samples for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were tested. Toluene, paraxylene and benzene were selected as typical adsorbates due to their extensive utilization in industry. The results showed that silica aerogel has high adsorption capacity for all three pollutants. The high adsorption ability of silica aerogel is attributed to the nano-network structure and the small pore size. Therefore, the silica aerogel is a promising adsorbent for VOCs disposal with superior adsorption ability.
The regular silica aerogel was synthesized through a one-step process using TEOS as precursor, ethanol as solvent and hydrofluoric acid as catalyst. After alcohol supercritical drying, the silica aerogel sample was characterized by SEM, FTIR, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms to better understand the relationship of the adsorption mechanism-property. The results indicated that the sample has a high specific surface area of 519m2/g, a pore volume of 1.9cm3/g and a large pore size of 15.15nm. The adsorption properties of the prepared samples for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were tested. Toluene, paraxylene and benzene were selected as typical adsorbates due to their extensive utilization in industry. The results showed that silica aerogel has high adsorption capacity for all three pollutants. The high adsorption ability of silica aerogel is attributed to the nano-network structure and the small pore size. Therefore, the silica aerogel is a promising adsorbent for VOCs disposal with superior adsorption ability.
2020, 83(6): 557-563, 575
Abstract:
By virtue of the high theoretical capacity (~700 mAh·g-1) in lithium-ion battery and the comparatively low cost, tungsten trioxide (WO3) has attracted great interest of researchers. However, it still suffers from its low conductivity and the severe volume variation during the discharge/charge processes, which lead to the inferior rate performance and cycling performance. To enhance its conductivity and mitigate the adverse effects caused by the volume variation, a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method was successfully used to coat nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon on defective WO3-x nanosheets. N-doped amorphous carbon coating can effectively alleviate the unsatisfactory volume variation effects, and provide more sites for lithium-ions to insert and extract. The electrochemical evaluations demonstrated that the prepared WO3-x/C electrode exhibits superior rate and cycle performance than that of WO3-x electrode and commercial WO3 electrode. Dynamic simulation and analysis suggested that the WO3-x/C electrode has smaller charge transfer resistance and the faster lithium-ion diffusion coefficient, thereby effectively improving its electrochemical performance.
By virtue of the high theoretical capacity (~700 mAh·g-1) in lithium-ion battery and the comparatively low cost, tungsten trioxide (WO3) has attracted great interest of researchers. However, it still suffers from its low conductivity and the severe volume variation during the discharge/charge processes, which lead to the inferior rate performance and cycling performance. To enhance its conductivity and mitigate the adverse effects caused by the volume variation, a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method was successfully used to coat nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon on defective WO3-x nanosheets. N-doped amorphous carbon coating can effectively alleviate the unsatisfactory volume variation effects, and provide more sites for lithium-ions to insert and extract. The electrochemical evaluations demonstrated that the prepared WO3-x/C electrode exhibits superior rate and cycle performance than that of WO3-x electrode and commercial WO3 electrode. Dynamic simulation and analysis suggested that the WO3-x/C electrode has smaller charge transfer resistance and the faster lithium-ion diffusion coefficient, thereby effectively improving its electrochemical performance.
2020, 83(6): 564-568
Abstract:
The corrosion inhibition effect of zein/SDS complex on carbon steel was studied by weight loss method, scanning electron microscope and polarization curve method. In 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, the corrosion inhibition rate of carbon steel by adding 0.05 ‰ zein is 65.5%, and the addition of zein/SDS complex (0.05‰ zein+0~8mmol/L SDS) can gradually increase the corrosion inhibition rate of carbon steel to 90.1%. With the increase of SDS concentration in the zein/SDS complex, the surface of the carbon steel gradually changed from overall deep pit corrosion to local pitting corrosion, and eventually flattened. The polarization curve test showed that the zein/SDS complex can effectively inhibit the occurrence of electrode reactions on the surface of carbon steel. The ΔGads value of the surface adsorption of pure zein with carbon steel indicated that electrostatic adsorption is the main force between zein and the surface of carbon steel, and the corrosion inhibition effect of zein/SDS complex on carbon steel mainly comes from the coordination adsorption between zein and carbon steel, which is related with the conformation change of zein induced by the electrostatic repulsion between SDS micelle-like aggregates.
The corrosion inhibition effect of zein/SDS complex on carbon steel was studied by weight loss method, scanning electron microscope and polarization curve method. In 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, the corrosion inhibition rate of carbon steel by adding 0.05 ‰ zein is 65.5%, and the addition of zein/SDS complex (0.05‰ zein+0~8mmol/L SDS) can gradually increase the corrosion inhibition rate of carbon steel to 90.1%. With the increase of SDS concentration in the zein/SDS complex, the surface of the carbon steel gradually changed from overall deep pit corrosion to local pitting corrosion, and eventually flattened. The polarization curve test showed that the zein/SDS complex can effectively inhibit the occurrence of electrode reactions on the surface of carbon steel. The ΔGads value of the surface adsorption of pure zein with carbon steel indicated that electrostatic adsorption is the main force between zein and the surface of carbon steel, and the corrosion inhibition effect of zein/SDS complex on carbon steel mainly comes from the coordination adsorption between zein and carbon steel, which is related with the conformation change of zein induced by the electrostatic repulsion between SDS micelle-like aggregates.
2020, 83(6): 569-575
Abstract:
The magnetic properties of a azido-Cu(Ⅱ) complex[Cu2(4-aba)3(N3)3(CH3OH)3]2- were studied by using the DFT-BS method under different density functional methods and basis sets. The results showed that the magnetic coupling constant between paramagnetic centers calculated at the B2PLYP/TZVP level is 33.48cm-1, which agrees well with the experimental value (33.80 cm-1). Accordingly, it could describe the magnetic properties of the azido-Cu(Ⅱ) complexes. The molecular magnetic orbital of the titled complex are mainly contributed by 3dx2-y2 orbitals of the paramagnetic center Cu(1)/Cu(2), π molecular orbitals of N3- ion and 4-azabenzoic acid and p orbital of oxygen atom in the methanol. As results, with the increasing of electrophobic effect of R-groups solvent, the contribution of antiferromagnetic interaction decreases, whereas the values of the magnetic coupling constant increases.
The magnetic properties of a azido-Cu(Ⅱ) complex[Cu2(4-aba)3(N3)3(CH3OH)3]2- were studied by using the DFT-BS method under different density functional methods and basis sets. The results showed that the magnetic coupling constant between paramagnetic centers calculated at the B2PLYP/TZVP level is 33.48cm-1, which agrees well with the experimental value (33.80 cm-1). Accordingly, it could describe the magnetic properties of the azido-Cu(Ⅱ) complexes. The molecular magnetic orbital of the titled complex are mainly contributed by 3dx2-y2 orbitals of the paramagnetic center Cu(1)/Cu(2), π molecular orbitals of N3- ion and 4-azabenzoic acid and p orbital of oxygen atom in the methanol. As results, with the increasing of electrophobic effect of R-groups solvent, the contribution of antiferromagnetic interaction decreases, whereas the values of the magnetic coupling constant increases.
