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2019 Volume 82 Issue 4
2019, 82(4): 291-298
Abstract:
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are coordination polymers formed by metal ions and polydentate organic ligands containing nitrogen and oxygen by self-assembly process, which have been widely applied in drug delivery systems due to their advantages such as large specific surface area and high porosity. Nano metal organic frameworks (NMOFs) materials have not only the properties of MOFs, but also the unique physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials. Taken into account their characteristics of high drug loading capacity, good targeting ability, versatile functionality and good biodegradability, NMOFs have become excellent nano-scale drug delivery systems. This article mainly featured recent research progress towards various preparation methods of NMOFs, including solvothermal method, reverse microemulsion method, and ultrasonic method. And the advantages and disadvantages of these methods were discussed respectively. Meanwhile, the characteristics of NMOFs used drug delivery systems and the load of different types of drugs are described in detail. Finally, the future of their main research direction is prospected, which include improving its biocompatibility, more effective surface functionalization, expanding the variety of biological NMOFs and their payload drugs. So that, NMOFs can be used in the treatment of more diseases.
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are coordination polymers formed by metal ions and polydentate organic ligands containing nitrogen and oxygen by self-assembly process, which have been widely applied in drug delivery systems due to their advantages such as large specific surface area and high porosity. Nano metal organic frameworks (NMOFs) materials have not only the properties of MOFs, but also the unique physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials. Taken into account their characteristics of high drug loading capacity, good targeting ability, versatile functionality and good biodegradability, NMOFs have become excellent nano-scale drug delivery systems. This article mainly featured recent research progress towards various preparation methods of NMOFs, including solvothermal method, reverse microemulsion method, and ultrasonic method. And the advantages and disadvantages of these methods were discussed respectively. Meanwhile, the characteristics of NMOFs used drug delivery systems and the load of different types of drugs are described in detail. Finally, the future of their main research direction is prospected, which include improving its biocompatibility, more effective surface functionalization, expanding the variety of biological NMOFs and their payload drugs. So that, NMOFs can be used in the treatment of more diseases.
2019, 82(4): 299-309
Abstract:
Chitosan is a high-molecular polysaccharide obtained by deacetylation of chitin, which has good biocompatibility, antibacterial activity and the advantages of being non-toxic and biodegradable. However, the poor water solubility of chitosan limits its application in many aspects. In order to overcome this shortage, the chemical modification for chitosan to introduce hydrophilic groups into the amino group and hydroxyl group of chitosan have became important methods. In this paper, different chitosan hydroxyalkylation methods are discussed. Meanwhile, the applications about the hydroxyalkyl chitosan and their derivatives in medicine, water treatment and tissue engineering materials are presented, and the future development trend of hydroxyalkyl chitosan is prospected.
Chitosan is a high-molecular polysaccharide obtained by deacetylation of chitin, which has good biocompatibility, antibacterial activity and the advantages of being non-toxic and biodegradable. However, the poor water solubility of chitosan limits its application in many aspects. In order to overcome this shortage, the chemical modification for chitosan to introduce hydrophilic groups into the amino group and hydroxyl group of chitosan have became important methods. In this paper, different chitosan hydroxyalkylation methods are discussed. Meanwhile, the applications about the hydroxyalkyl chitosan and their derivatives in medicine, water treatment and tissue engineering materials are presented, and the future development trend of hydroxyalkyl chitosan is prospected.
2019, 82(4): 310-315
Abstract:
Immuno-affinity column (IAC) is an effective veterinary drug residue detection and purification technology, which can simplify the sample purification process and improve the extraction efficiency of the analyte. In recent years, it has been widely used in the detection of veterinary drug residues and has shown good development prospects. This paper briefly describes the principle and preparation process of IAC and its application in the detection of various antimicrobial veterinary drugs. The anti-microbial IAC and its purification effect have been reviewed, and the development trend of the IAC in the future application of veterinary drug residue detection is prospected for providing reference and research ideas for researchers.
Immuno-affinity column (IAC) is an effective veterinary drug residue detection and purification technology, which can simplify the sample purification process and improve the extraction efficiency of the analyte. In recent years, it has been widely used in the detection of veterinary drug residues and has shown good development prospects. This paper briefly describes the principle and preparation process of IAC and its application in the detection of various antimicrobial veterinary drugs. The anti-microbial IAC and its purification effect have been reviewed, and the development trend of the IAC in the future application of veterinary drug residue detection is prospected for providing reference and research ideas for researchers.
2019, 82(4): 316-322
Abstract:
Hydrotalcite is a new class of inorganic materials. Since it has the characteristics of laminate cations adjustable, interlayer anion exchangable and acid-base property, hydrotalcite have received much attention of researchers in many fields such as medicine, ion exchange, reaction catalysis, and material flame retardant. The unique physical and chemical properties make it to be a outstanding flame retardant material with the advantages such as halogen-free, produce non-toxic and corrosive gases, flame retardant and smoke suppression. Study on ion-modified hydrotalcite is becoming a hot spot in the research of flame retardant materials. However, it also has shortcomings such as low thermal stability, easy-reaggregation and poor dispersion. Therefore, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out some research on hydrotalcite modification. This review mainly expounds the research progress in the cationic modification and anion modification of hydrotalcite flame retardants in recent years. The research and application prospects of hydrotalcite in the biomass material flame retardant, synthesis of low-cost hydrotalcite flame retardant, hydrotalcite synergistic flame retardant, new process and equipment, clean preparation technology for hydrotalcite flame retardant industrial production and other aspects are prospected.
Hydrotalcite is a new class of inorganic materials. Since it has the characteristics of laminate cations adjustable, interlayer anion exchangable and acid-base property, hydrotalcite have received much attention of researchers in many fields such as medicine, ion exchange, reaction catalysis, and material flame retardant. The unique physical and chemical properties make it to be a outstanding flame retardant material with the advantages such as halogen-free, produce non-toxic and corrosive gases, flame retardant and smoke suppression. Study on ion-modified hydrotalcite is becoming a hot spot in the research of flame retardant materials. However, it also has shortcomings such as low thermal stability, easy-reaggregation and poor dispersion. Therefore, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out some research on hydrotalcite modification. This review mainly expounds the research progress in the cationic modification and anion modification of hydrotalcite flame retardants in recent years. The research and application prospects of hydrotalcite in the biomass material flame retardant, synthesis of low-cost hydrotalcite flame retardant, hydrotalcite synergistic flame retardant, new process and equipment, clean preparation technology for hydrotalcite flame retardant industrial production and other aspects are prospected.
2019, 82(4): 323-328
Abstract:
Fluorescent carbon dots, a new type of carbon material, haves been widely used in photocatalysis, biological imaging, targeted drug delivery and electrochemical catalysis. In this article, yeast powder has been chosen as start materials for carbon dots preparation via one-pot process. Under the condition of microwave-assisted heating, a fluorescent quantum yield of 35% was achieved. The optical properties and microscopic morphology of carbon dots were further characterized by using TEM, FT-IR, UV-Vis and fluorescent spectra. It was found that the particles size of carbon dots range from 5 to 10 nm. It has abundant surficial nitrogen-containing groups which can effectively adjust the charge density and bandwidth gap of the conjugated plane. Furthermore, carbon dots were used as an effective fluorescent probe for the detection of Fe3+ in aqueous solution. When the concentration of carbon dots was 0.003 (wt)%, the testing range of Fe3+ could be 2.5×10-7~0.52 mol/L.
Fluorescent carbon dots, a new type of carbon material, haves been widely used in photocatalysis, biological imaging, targeted drug delivery and electrochemical catalysis. In this article, yeast powder has been chosen as start materials for carbon dots preparation via one-pot process. Under the condition of microwave-assisted heating, a fluorescent quantum yield of 35% was achieved. The optical properties and microscopic morphology of carbon dots were further characterized by using TEM, FT-IR, UV-Vis and fluorescent spectra. It was found that the particles size of carbon dots range from 5 to 10 nm. It has abundant surficial nitrogen-containing groups which can effectively adjust the charge density and bandwidth gap of the conjugated plane. Furthermore, carbon dots were used as an effective fluorescent probe for the detection of Fe3+ in aqueous solution. When the concentration of carbon dots was 0.003 (wt)%, the testing range of Fe3+ could be 2.5×10-7~0.52 mol/L.
2019, 82(4): 329-333
Abstract:
The small-grain mesoporous SAPO-11 molecular sieve was successfully prepared by the directing agent method under the condition that the amount of the template was halved. The crystal structure, elemental composition, surface area, pore volume, and acidity of the catalyst were thoroughly characterized. The catalytic hydroisomerization performance of SAPO-11 catalysts with 0.5(wt)% Pt loading was evaluated with n-dodecane as a material. The results showed that the size of SAPO-11 molecular sieve with reduced templating agent content is about 3μm, the mesoporous specific surface area is 113.3m2/g, the mesoporous pore volume is 0.328m3/g, and the isomer yield is 65.31%.
The small-grain mesoporous SAPO-11 molecular sieve was successfully prepared by the directing agent method under the condition that the amount of the template was halved. The crystal structure, elemental composition, surface area, pore volume, and acidity of the catalyst were thoroughly characterized. The catalytic hydroisomerization performance of SAPO-11 catalysts with 0.5(wt)% Pt loading was evaluated with n-dodecane as a material. The results showed that the size of SAPO-11 molecular sieve with reduced templating agent content is about 3μm, the mesoporous specific surface area is 113.3m2/g, the mesoporous pore volume is 0.328m3/g, and the isomer yield is 65.31%.
2019, 82(4): 334-339
Abstract:
La-ZnO/SBA-15 catalyst was prepared by sol-gel method. The composition and properties of La-ZnO/SBA-15 were characterized by XRD, TG-DSC, XPS, SEM and N2 adsorption and desorption. Its catalytic activity on malachite green (MG) solution was investigated. The results showed that the doped SBA-15 still maintains an ordered two-dimensional hexagonal structure. When n(Zn):n(Si)=1, visible light irradiation for 2 h, the degradation rate of MG was 99.8%. Kinetic studies showed that the degradation of MG solution by the catalyst is consistent with the first-order reaction kinetics.
La-ZnO/SBA-15 catalyst was prepared by sol-gel method. The composition and properties of La-ZnO/SBA-15 were characterized by XRD, TG-DSC, XPS, SEM and N2 adsorption and desorption. Its catalytic activity on malachite green (MG) solution was investigated. The results showed that the doped SBA-15 still maintains an ordered two-dimensional hexagonal structure. When n(Zn):n(Si)=1, visible light irradiation for 2 h, the degradation rate of MG was 99.8%. Kinetic studies showed that the degradation of MG solution by the catalyst is consistent with the first-order reaction kinetics.
2019, 82(4): 350-358
Abstract:
Nineteen kinds of novel 4-(5H-pyrimido[5, 4-b]indol-2-yl-amino)benzamine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activities. The structures of the as-synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. Their anti-tumor activity against HCT116, MD-MBA-231, C6, A549 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines were tested by MTT assay. All compounds showed good anti-tumor activity, especially compounds 5a, 5b, 5c, 5e, 5i, 5p and 5r showed 20 to 100 folds activity enhancement than the positive control 5-fluorouracil. The IC50 values of 5b for tumor cells HCT116, MD-MBA-231, C6, A549 and MCF-7 were 3.26, 3.06, 0.63, 0.68, 2.32 μmol/L, respectively. Preliminary results indicated that these compounds have significant inhibitory effects on tumor cell proliferation and provide ideas for the design and synthesis of novel 5H-pyrimido[5, 4-b]indol-2-amine based antitumor compounds.
Nineteen kinds of novel 4-(5H-pyrimido[5, 4-b]indol-2-yl-amino)benzamine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activities. The structures of the as-synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. Their anti-tumor activity against HCT116, MD-MBA-231, C6, A549 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines were tested by MTT assay. All compounds showed good anti-tumor activity, especially compounds 5a, 5b, 5c, 5e, 5i, 5p and 5r showed 20 to 100 folds activity enhancement than the positive control 5-fluorouracil. The IC50 values of 5b for tumor cells HCT116, MD-MBA-231, C6, A549 and MCF-7 were 3.26, 3.06, 0.63, 0.68, 2.32 μmol/L, respectively. Preliminary results indicated that these compounds have significant inhibitory effects on tumor cell proliferation and provide ideas for the design and synthesis of novel 5H-pyrimido[5, 4-b]indol-2-amine based antitumor compounds.
2019, 82(4): 359-364, 349
Abstract:
In this paper, UPy derivatives with different 6-position substituents and different isocyanate structures were prepared, and the effects of the 6-substituent and isocyanate structure on the formation and aggregation behavior of UPy dimers were studied. The 6-substituent on the UPy structure affects the density of the π-electron cloud. The dimer of ureidopyrimidone structure has the lowest potential energy, indicating that the structure is most stable in the system. With the increase of the electron-donating effect of the 6-substituent, the density of the π-electron cloud increased gradually, indicating a strong hydrogen bond. Due to the increase of the density of the π-electron cloud, the electron repulsion between the π bonds is enhanced, resulting in an increase of the (001) interplanar spacing in the derivative. The increase of the steric hindrance of the isocyanate structure hinders the π-π interaction between the pyrimidine rings, which will increase the (001) crystal plane spacing in the derivative.
In this paper, UPy derivatives with different 6-position substituents and different isocyanate structures were prepared, and the effects of the 6-substituent and isocyanate structure on the formation and aggregation behavior of UPy dimers were studied. The 6-substituent on the UPy structure affects the density of the π-electron cloud. The dimer of ureidopyrimidone structure has the lowest potential energy, indicating that the structure is most stable in the system. With the increase of the electron-donating effect of the 6-substituent, the density of the π-electron cloud increased gradually, indicating a strong hydrogen bond. Due to the increase of the density of the π-electron cloud, the electron repulsion between the π bonds is enhanced, resulting in an increase of the (001) interplanar spacing in the derivative. The increase of the steric hindrance of the isocyanate structure hinders the π-π interaction between the pyrimidine rings, which will increase the (001) crystal plane spacing in the derivative.
2019, 82(4): 340-349
Abstract:
Palladium compounds containing diphosphine ligand with N atom were immobilized on the surface of nano silica and MCM-41 respectively. The resulting two novel heterogeneous Pd catalysts SiO2@PNPPdCl2 (1) and MCM-41@PNPPdCl2(2) were fully characterized by SEM (EDX), TEM (SAED), XRD, FT-IR, ICP-Ms and TGA. Microstructure tests showed that the two kinds of nanoparticles have completely different structures, 1 has an irregular sphere structure and 2 has a honeycomb structure. The catalytic performance of nanoparticles 1 and 2 under mild conditions with EtOH/H2O (v/v=3/2) as solvent in Suzuki coupling reaction was further studied. The two catalysts had good group tolerance, and their average yields in four cycles were 81% (1) and 89% (2) respectively. Their catalytic properties are also slightly different. The catalytic rate of catalyst 1 is much faster than that of 2, while catalyst 2 has better recycling performance.
Palladium compounds containing diphosphine ligand with N atom were immobilized on the surface of nano silica and MCM-41 respectively. The resulting two novel heterogeneous Pd catalysts SiO2@PNPPdCl2 (1) and MCM-41@PNPPdCl2(2) were fully characterized by SEM (EDX), TEM (SAED), XRD, FT-IR, ICP-Ms and TGA. Microstructure tests showed that the two kinds of nanoparticles have completely different structures, 1 has an irregular sphere structure and 2 has a honeycomb structure. The catalytic performance of nanoparticles 1 and 2 under mild conditions with EtOH/H2O (v/v=3/2) as solvent in Suzuki coupling reaction was further studied. The two catalysts had good group tolerance, and their average yields in four cycles were 81% (1) and 89% (2) respectively. Their catalytic properties are also slightly different. The catalytic rate of catalyst 1 is much faster than that of 2, while catalyst 2 has better recycling performance.
2019, 82(4): 365-367
Abstract:
A series of TPI/LLDPE composite films containing TPI of 1%, 5% and 9% were prepared by thermal processing and extruding blow molding. After doping in saturated iodine vapor at 60℃, the composite films were converted and films with photothermal conversion ability were obtained successfully. The more TPI in the composite film, the better photothermal conversion ability of the film doped by iodine vapor. It shows that under irradiation of laser light with 808nm and power of 0.9 W for 3 minutes, the surface temperature of the as-prepared film with photothermal conversion ability can increase as much as 35℃.
A series of TPI/LLDPE composite films containing TPI of 1%, 5% and 9% were prepared by thermal processing and extruding blow molding. After doping in saturated iodine vapor at 60℃, the composite films were converted and films with photothermal conversion ability were obtained successfully. The more TPI in the composite film, the better photothermal conversion ability of the film doped by iodine vapor. It shows that under irradiation of laser light with 808nm and power of 0.9 W for 3 minutes, the surface temperature of the as-prepared film with photothermal conversion ability can increase as much as 35℃.
2019, 82(4): 368-372
Abstract:
Conjugate effect, existing in conjugation systems, is one of the crucial electronic effects in organic chemistry. One of the teaching objectives of organic chemistry at university stage lies in enabling students to master and skillfully apply the conjugate effect theory to solve practical problems in organic chemistry. As conjugate effect belongs to the scope of microcosmic cognition, undergraduates often have some difficult in learning this theory. However, as the main and difficult points in teaching contents, the knowledge about the conjugate effect must be grasped by undergraduates. Meanwhile, it also is the basic theoretical knowledge that graduate students need to master. Therefore, it is very important for undergraduates to understand, master and skillfully apply the knowledge about the conjugate effect. In present paper, we calculated the HOMO and LUMO of three alkadiene molecules using theoretical calculation method at DFT level. The nature of equalization for electron cloud density is derived from the charge transfer in conjugation systems, which further leads to the equalization of bond distances.
Conjugate effect, existing in conjugation systems, is one of the crucial electronic effects in organic chemistry. One of the teaching objectives of organic chemistry at university stage lies in enabling students to master and skillfully apply the conjugate effect theory to solve practical problems in organic chemistry. As conjugate effect belongs to the scope of microcosmic cognition, undergraduates often have some difficult in learning this theory. However, as the main and difficult points in teaching contents, the knowledge about the conjugate effect must be grasped by undergraduates. Meanwhile, it also is the basic theoretical knowledge that graduate students need to master. Therefore, it is very important for undergraduates to understand, master and skillfully apply the knowledge about the conjugate effect. In present paper, we calculated the HOMO and LUMO of three alkadiene molecules using theoretical calculation method at DFT level. The nature of equalization for electron cloud density is derived from the charge transfer in conjugation systems, which further leads to the equalization of bond distances.
2019, 82(4): 373-378
Abstract:
The Nomenclature of Chemistry approved in 1932 by the Ministry of Education established unified standard for Chinese chemical terms. For basic heterocyclic nuclei, it suggested the phonetic "two Chinese characters with kou (口) radicals" as their short names. At the beginning of the People's Republic of China, many chemists were dissatisfied with those short terms with kou radicals. They proposed that the systematic names for heterocyclic compounds should be composed of ideographic characters created denoting heterocyclic parent substances and names for heteroatoms. The Nomenclature approved in 1950, 1953 and 1960 accepted the idea of using ideographic characters, but saved the short terms with kou radicals. The Nomenclature approved in 1980 denied previous ideographic characters and reused those names with kou radicals which have been followed ever since. This paper further explains why those ideographic characters were put up, supported at the early People's Republic of China and finally abolished.
The Nomenclature of Chemistry approved in 1932 by the Ministry of Education established unified standard for Chinese chemical terms. For basic heterocyclic nuclei, it suggested the phonetic "two Chinese characters with kou (口) radicals" as their short names. At the beginning of the People's Republic of China, many chemists were dissatisfied with those short terms with kou radicals. They proposed that the systematic names for heterocyclic compounds should be composed of ideographic characters created denoting heterocyclic parent substances and names for heteroatoms. The Nomenclature approved in 1950, 1953 and 1960 accepted the idea of using ideographic characters, but saved the short terms with kou radicals. The Nomenclature approved in 1980 denied previous ideographic characters and reused those names with kou radicals which have been followed ever since. This paper further explains why those ideographic characters were put up, supported at the early People's Republic of China and finally abolished.
2019, 82(4): 379-383
Abstract:
John Edward Lennard-Jones is a eminent British theoretical chemist. He is well-known among scientists for his work on molecular structure, valency and intermolecular forces. Most importantly, Lennard-Jones proposed a mathematically simple model that approximates the interaction between a pair of neutral atoms or molecules, this model is the so-called Lennard-Jones potential (also termed the L-J potential, 6-12 potential); he was the first to use the LCAO MO theory in a manner that connects directly to that which is common today, he have been called one of the founding fathers of modern molecular orbital theory. This paper introduces the life of Lennard-Jones, and describes in detail his scientific research process on Lennard-Jones potential and LCAO MO theory.
John Edward Lennard-Jones is a eminent British theoretical chemist. He is well-known among scientists for his work on molecular structure, valency and intermolecular forces. Most importantly, Lennard-Jones proposed a mathematically simple model that approximates the interaction between a pair of neutral atoms or molecules, this model is the so-called Lennard-Jones potential (also termed the L-J potential, 6-12 potential); he was the first to use the LCAO MO theory in a manner that connects directly to that which is common today, he have been called one of the founding fathers of modern molecular orbital theory. This paper introduces the life of Lennard-Jones, and describes in detail his scientific research process on Lennard-Jones potential and LCAO MO theory.
