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2018 Volume 81 Issue 1
2018, 81(1): 3-11
Abstract:
The power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells has exceeded 13%. Among them, polymers and small organic molecules as active layer materials promote the development. Comparing the parent polymers, the cutting-out molecules are promising organic photovoltaic materials with the advantages of definite molecular weight, adjustable conjugate length, high extinction coefficient, excellent crystallinity and so on. In this paper, we briefly introduce the applications of cutting-out molecules in bulk heterojunction, ternary system, non-fullerene system, and related research works of our group. We also summarize their characteristics, and make a prospect of their applications.
The power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells has exceeded 13%. Among them, polymers and small organic molecules as active layer materials promote the development. Comparing the parent polymers, the cutting-out molecules are promising organic photovoltaic materials with the advantages of definite molecular weight, adjustable conjugate length, high extinction coefficient, excellent crystallinity and so on. In this paper, we briefly introduce the applications of cutting-out molecules in bulk heterojunction, ternary system, non-fullerene system, and related research works of our group. We also summarize their characteristics, and make a prospect of their applications.
2018, 81(1): 12-20
Abstract:
Introduced in 1999 as a solventless sample preparation method, stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) has been widely applied to the trace enrichment of various target analytes in environmental, food and biological samples, due to its advantages including large volume of the stationary phase, high pre-concentration capacity, no additional stirring, avoiding competitive adsorption, allowing sample extraction and preconcentration to be done in a single step at the same time of self-stirring and so on. Coating is the core of SBSE technique, which determines the selectivity and extraction capacity of analysis. In this review, a brief introduction of extraction principle, extraction/desorption mode and their influencing factors of the stir bar sorptive coatings are given out firstly, and then the preparation techniques and methods of SBSE coatings are focused on. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of SBSE coatings are discussed and future development trends of SBSE coatings is prospected.
Introduced in 1999 as a solventless sample preparation method, stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) has been widely applied to the trace enrichment of various target analytes in environmental, food and biological samples, due to its advantages including large volume of the stationary phase, high pre-concentration capacity, no additional stirring, avoiding competitive adsorption, allowing sample extraction and preconcentration to be done in a single step at the same time of self-stirring and so on. Coating is the core of SBSE technique, which determines the selectivity and extraction capacity of analysis. In this review, a brief introduction of extraction principle, extraction/desorption mode and their influencing factors of the stir bar sorptive coatings are given out firstly, and then the preparation techniques and methods of SBSE coatings are focused on. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of SBSE coatings are discussed and future development trends of SBSE coatings is prospected.
2018, 81(1): 21-28, 44
Abstract:
Label-free optical biosensor has been widely studied and applied to the research fields including chemistry, pharmacy and biology associated with life science recently, due to its key features such as label-free of target molecule, dynamic monitoring, non-destructive detection and so on. This article mainly focuses on the current development of four representative kinds of label-free optical biosensors, including surface plasmon resonance biosensor, optical waveguide light mode spectroscopy biosensor, spectroscopic ellipsometry biosensor, and reflectometry interference spectroscopy biosensor. In addition to the introduction of the instrument structure and mechanism, method development, and applications in various fields, the advantages and shortcomings of these methods are discussed, which may illuminate the future development.
Label-free optical biosensor has been widely studied and applied to the research fields including chemistry, pharmacy and biology associated with life science recently, due to its key features such as label-free of target molecule, dynamic monitoring, non-destructive detection and so on. This article mainly focuses on the current development of four representative kinds of label-free optical biosensors, including surface plasmon resonance biosensor, optical waveguide light mode spectroscopy biosensor, spectroscopic ellipsometry biosensor, and reflectometry interference spectroscopy biosensor. In addition to the introduction of the instrument structure and mechanism, method development, and applications in various fields, the advantages and shortcomings of these methods are discussed, which may illuminate the future development.
2018, 81(1): 29-36
Abstract:
Endotoxin is well established as a main reason for endoxemia and organs failure, which are severely harmful to human health. So far, much more attention has been paid to develop a efficient and sensitive detection method with high specificity. Because of the superior efficiency and sensitivity, easy to automation and miniaturization, biosensors which is confronted with substantial development space is playing an increasingly important role in the field of endotoxin detection. In this paper, the detection methods of endotoxin in recent years were introduced briefly, and then paid special emphasis on summarizing the optical and electrochemical biosensors applied in endotoxin detection. The challenges and development prospects of endotoxin detection by biosensors are also reviewed.
Endotoxin is well established as a main reason for endoxemia and organs failure, which are severely harmful to human health. So far, much more attention has been paid to develop a efficient and sensitive detection method with high specificity. Because of the superior efficiency and sensitivity, easy to automation and miniaturization, biosensors which is confronted with substantial development space is playing an increasingly important role in the field of endotoxin detection. In this paper, the detection methods of endotoxin in recent years were introduced briefly, and then paid special emphasis on summarizing the optical and electrochemical biosensors applied in endotoxin detection. The challenges and development prospects of endotoxin detection by biosensors are also reviewed.
2018, 81(1): 37-44
Abstract:
4-(N, N-Diethylamino)salicylaldehyde is an important intermediate in dye and organic synthesis, as well as a well-known chromophore with a hydrophilic character. Its aldehyde groups are often used to prepare Schiff bases and to develop novel probe molecules. In this paper, several kinds of Schiff base fluorescent probes based on 4-(N, N-diethylamino)salicylaldehyde that applied in the detection of some common ions such as Al3+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Hg2+、Co2+、F-、CN- were introduced. Most of the probes can accurately and rapidly recognize ions with high selectivity and sensitivity. Some fluorescent probes have good cell permeability and low cytotoxicity and have a certain practical value. These studies provide a theoretical and practical basis for such fluorescent probes to be used in environment, biology and food detection applications.
4-(N, N-Diethylamino)salicylaldehyde is an important intermediate in dye and organic synthesis, as well as a well-known chromophore with a hydrophilic character. Its aldehyde groups are often used to prepare Schiff bases and to develop novel probe molecules. In this paper, several kinds of Schiff base fluorescent probes based on 4-(N, N-diethylamino)salicylaldehyde that applied in the detection of some common ions such as Al3+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Hg2+、Co2+、F-、CN- were introduced. Most of the probes can accurately and rapidly recognize ions with high selectivity and sensitivity. Some fluorescent probes have good cell permeability and low cytotoxicity and have a certain practical value. These studies provide a theoretical and practical basis for such fluorescent probes to be used in environment, biology and food detection applications.
2018, 81(1): 45-51
Abstract:
5-Ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) is considered to be a promising liquid biofuel that can replace the petroleum-based chemicals. In recent years, the synthesis of EMF from biomass resources has attracted more and more attentions at home and abroad. Currently, EMF was mainly obtained from the acid-catalyzed conversion of biomass-derived carbohydrates (e.g., fructose, glucose, sucrose, inulin) in ethanol medium. In this review, the chemical reaction process and the latest research progress in regard to EMF synthesis are introduced mainly from the starting materials, catalytic synthesis technology, catalytic behavior and characteristics, and economic feasibility. Based on the present research progress, the technology and engineering barriers for the conversion of biomass resources to yield EMF in commercial scales are analyzed and discussed, and the future research trend in this field is prospected. It is pointed out that future studies should be focus on developing high efficiency and environmental friendliness strategies for the synthesis of EMF from abundant and accessible biomass resources.
5-Ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) is considered to be a promising liquid biofuel that can replace the petroleum-based chemicals. In recent years, the synthesis of EMF from biomass resources has attracted more and more attentions at home and abroad. Currently, EMF was mainly obtained from the acid-catalyzed conversion of biomass-derived carbohydrates (e.g., fructose, glucose, sucrose, inulin) in ethanol medium. In this review, the chemical reaction process and the latest research progress in regard to EMF synthesis are introduced mainly from the starting materials, catalytic synthesis technology, catalytic behavior and characteristics, and economic feasibility. Based on the present research progress, the technology and engineering barriers for the conversion of biomass resources to yield EMF in commercial scales are analyzed and discussed, and the future research trend in this field is prospected. It is pointed out that future studies should be focus on developing high efficiency and environmental friendliness strategies for the synthesis of EMF from abundant and accessible biomass resources.
2018, 81(1): 52-58
Abstract:
Electrostatic coalescence technology has the characteristics of fast, clean and high efficiency, usually do not need to add chemical reagent, and no additional pollutants are produced. Compared with gravity sedimentation method, it is more suitable for water droplet of small size or oil-water mixture with stable oil-water interface. In this paper, we briefly reviewed the coalescence principle of electrostatic coalescence, summarized the research and application progress on traditional electric dehydration technology, pipe electrostatic pre-coalescence and vessel internal electrostatic coalescence, compared and analyzed the application fields and technical characteristics of three kinds of electrostatic coalescence, introduced the current research situation of electrostatic coalescence and turbulence/shear flow coupling technique. Finally, the development trend of electrostatic coalescence was summarized and predicted.
Electrostatic coalescence technology has the characteristics of fast, clean and high efficiency, usually do not need to add chemical reagent, and no additional pollutants are produced. Compared with gravity sedimentation method, it is more suitable for water droplet of small size or oil-water mixture with stable oil-water interface. In this paper, we briefly reviewed the coalescence principle of electrostatic coalescence, summarized the research and application progress on traditional electric dehydration technology, pipe electrostatic pre-coalescence and vessel internal electrostatic coalescence, compared and analyzed the application fields and technical characteristics of three kinds of electrostatic coalescence, introduced the current research situation of electrostatic coalescence and turbulence/shear flow coupling technique. Finally, the development trend of electrostatic coalescence was summarized and predicted.
2018, 81(1): 59-64, 76
Abstract:
We put forward a hybrid chain reaction amplification detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) based on auxiliary magnetic sensing strategy. The surface of magnetic nanoparticles is easy to be modified, and they have the advantages of the convenient operation, the good separation effect and the higher selectivity for biological sensing. First of all, the biotin labeled ATP aptamer will connect to the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles which is modified with streptavidin based on the affinity between biotin and streptavidin. Then a single DNA which is complementary to the ATP aptamer is added to hybrid with ATP aptamer, and the unnecessary DNA will be removed by magnetic separation. When the targeted ATP is added to the solution, the ATP will bind with its aptamer specially by releasing the complementary single-stranded DNA, and the complementary single-stranded DNA will continue to be used for the next step of hybridization chain reaction. The signal would be stronger after magnetic separation. The background will be reduced by the fluorescence quenching effect of the graphene oxide, and the method has high sensitivity and high selectivity for targeting ATP. The lowest detection concentration of ATP is 0.1nmol/L.
We put forward a hybrid chain reaction amplification detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) based on auxiliary magnetic sensing strategy. The surface of magnetic nanoparticles is easy to be modified, and they have the advantages of the convenient operation, the good separation effect and the higher selectivity for biological sensing. First of all, the biotin labeled ATP aptamer will connect to the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles which is modified with streptavidin based on the affinity between biotin and streptavidin. Then a single DNA which is complementary to the ATP aptamer is added to hybrid with ATP aptamer, and the unnecessary DNA will be removed by magnetic separation. When the targeted ATP is added to the solution, the ATP will bind with its aptamer specially by releasing the complementary single-stranded DNA, and the complementary single-stranded DNA will continue to be used for the next step of hybridization chain reaction. The signal would be stronger after magnetic separation. The background will be reduced by the fluorescence quenching effect of the graphene oxide, and the method has high sensitivity and high selectivity for targeting ATP. The lowest detection concentration of ATP is 0.1nmol/L.
2018, 81(1): 65-69
Abstract:
The nitrogen doped carbon dots based on polyethyleneimine were prepared by one-step hydrothermal method. Ultraviolet-visible absorption, fluorescence spectra and transmission electron microscopy show that the carbon dots have excellent fluorescence performance and good dispersion. In 0.1 mol/L PBS solution, the fluorescence intensity of carbon dots reduces as Cu(Ⅱ) concentration increases gradually. The detection linear range of Cu(Ⅱ) is 50~150 μmol/L with the detection limit of 10 μmol/L. Cytotoxicity test results show that different concentrations of the carbon dots all have low toxicity. The above results show that the carbon dots can successfully detect Cu(Ⅱ) with low cytotoxicity, showing potential application in biological sensing.
The nitrogen doped carbon dots based on polyethyleneimine were prepared by one-step hydrothermal method. Ultraviolet-visible absorption, fluorescence spectra and transmission electron microscopy show that the carbon dots have excellent fluorescence performance and good dispersion. In 0.1 mol/L PBS solution, the fluorescence intensity of carbon dots reduces as Cu(Ⅱ) concentration increases gradually. The detection linear range of Cu(Ⅱ) is 50~150 μmol/L with the detection limit of 10 μmol/L. Cytotoxicity test results show that different concentrations of the carbon dots all have low toxicity. The above results show that the carbon dots can successfully detect Cu(Ⅱ) with low cytotoxicity, showing potential application in biological sensing.
2018, 81(1): 70-76
Abstract:
Based on the graphene modified carbon fiber, different Pt-SnO2 modified carbon fiber anode catalysts were prepared by adding polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) through impregnating method and hydrothermal method. The physical and chemical properties of the cathode catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, electric catalytic properties, single battery power performance and so on. The results showed that the catalyst has the best catalytic performance after adding pore-forming agent PVDF, the peak current density is 137.33mA·cm-2, its resistance is also significantly reduced. When it is prepared to a single cell, the highest power density is 22.89 mW·cm-2.
Based on the graphene modified carbon fiber, different Pt-SnO2 modified carbon fiber anode catalysts were prepared by adding polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) through impregnating method and hydrothermal method. The physical and chemical properties of the cathode catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, electric catalytic properties, single battery power performance and so on. The results showed that the catalyst has the best catalytic performance after adding pore-forming agent PVDF, the peak current density is 137.33mA·cm-2, its resistance is also significantly reduced. When it is prepared to a single cell, the highest power density is 22.89 mW·cm-2.
2018, 81(1): 77-82
Abstract:
In order to find new potent biological agents, twelve 4'-(N-substitued-1-piperazinyl) furanyl chalcone derivatives (3a~3l) are designed and synthesized by the general principle of molecular hybridization. The structures are characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. In vitro cytotoxic activities against a panel of human tumor cell lines (Hela, A549 and SGC7901) are tested by the MTT assay, and the anti-inflammatory activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW-264.7 macrophages are evaluated. The result indicate that the substituents of the NH group of piperazine ring have an obvious influence on biological activities. Especially, compounds 3j and 3k are found to be the potent compounds against Hela and A549, and compounds 3d has inhibitory effect on the generation of NO, which can be taken as lead compounds for further SAR research.
In order to find new potent biological agents, twelve 4'-(N-substitued-1-piperazinyl) furanyl chalcone derivatives (3a~3l) are designed and synthesized by the general principle of molecular hybridization. The structures are characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. In vitro cytotoxic activities against a panel of human tumor cell lines (Hela, A549 and SGC7901) are tested by the MTT assay, and the anti-inflammatory activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW-264.7 macrophages are evaluated. The result indicate that the substituents of the NH group of piperazine ring have an obvious influence on biological activities. Especially, compounds 3j and 3k are found to be the potent compounds against Hela and A549, and compounds 3d has inhibitory effect on the generation of NO, which can be taken as lead compounds for further SAR research.
2018, 81(1): 83-87
Abstract:
In this work, dehydronorcantharidin imide-salicylaldehyde was synthesized from furan, maleic anhydride and hydrazine hydrate, and the structure of synthesized compound was confirmed by NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The bacteriostatic activity of the product and the interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were tested. The results showed that the compound has good antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus. The quenching mechanism of titled compound to BSA is static quenching. Moreover, at 293, 303 and 310 K, the quenching constants are 3.39×104 L/mol, 3.29×104 L/mol, and 3.13×104 L/mol, respectively. The interaction of the compound to BSA is mainly driven by hydrophobic force. Meanwhile, the binding distance is 2.688 nm, and the number of binding sites is 1.049 (303K).
In this work, dehydronorcantharidin imide-salicylaldehyde was synthesized from furan, maleic anhydride and hydrazine hydrate, and the structure of synthesized compound was confirmed by NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The bacteriostatic activity of the product and the interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were tested. The results showed that the compound has good antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus. The quenching mechanism of titled compound to BSA is static quenching. Moreover, at 293, 303 and 310 K, the quenching constants are 3.39×104 L/mol, 3.29×104 L/mol, and 3.13×104 L/mol, respectively. The interaction of the compound to BSA is mainly driven by hydrophobic force. Meanwhile, the binding distance is 2.688 nm, and the number of binding sites is 1.049 (303K).
2018, 81(1): 88-91
Abstract:
1α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone was prepared from androsta-1, 4-diene-3, 17-dione through seven steps such as protection of carbonyl group, bromination, deconjugation, reduction, epoxidation, ring-opening and deprotection, with an overall yield of 28.3%. The method has the advantages of high efficiency and economy, technical feasibility, safety and environmentally benign, and lays a foundation for industrialized production of 1α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone and research of vitamin D drugs.
1α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone was prepared from androsta-1, 4-diene-3, 17-dione through seven steps such as protection of carbonyl group, bromination, deconjugation, reduction, epoxidation, ring-opening and deprotection, with an overall yield of 28.3%. The method has the advantages of high efficiency and economy, technical feasibility, safety and environmentally benign, and lays a foundation for industrialized production of 1α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone and research of vitamin D drugs.
2018, 81(1): 92-95
Abstract:
A novel synthetic process of HDAC6 selective inhibitor WT161 has been developed. WT161 was synthesized from commercially available monomethyl suberate by four steps, namely condensation, substitution, reduction and dehydration, in 64.8% overall yield. The structure of the target product were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13CNMR and HRMS. The optimized synthetic route has the advantages of cost-effectiveness, mild conditions, easy chemical operation, high yield, and easy scale-up production.
A novel synthetic process of HDAC6 selective inhibitor WT161 has been developed. WT161 was synthesized from commercially available monomethyl suberate by four steps, namely condensation, substitution, reduction and dehydration, in 64.8% overall yield. The structure of the target product were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13CNMR and HRMS. The optimized synthetic route has the advantages of cost-effectiveness, mild conditions, easy chemical operation, high yield, and easy scale-up production.
