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2018 Volume 81 Issue 12
2018, 81(12): 1059-1071
Abstract:
Rare earth upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), which can convert visible light into near infrared light, have excellent luminescence properties, stable chemical properties, and can avoid self-fluorescence interference. Therefore, they can be widely used in biomedical fields. However, the low luminescence efficiency of UCNPs restricts its further development. In this paper, several methods for optimizing the luminescence of rare earth upconversion nanoparticles are reviewed, including adjusting matrix and doping ions, co-doping transition metal ions with lanthanide ions, introducing the synergistic sensitizers to reduce the thermal effect, and synergistic effect of organic dyes and UCNPs, metal surface plasmon resonance enhancement method, etc. This review discusses the latest research progress of the above methods, summarizes the problems existing in these methods, and points out the research and development focus on upconversion luminescence field. One is to analyze the mechanism of various optimized luminescence methods, and put forward a more complete and clear theoretical system. The other is to explore UCNPs which are degradable by organisms, in order to minimize the side effects.
Rare earth upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), which can convert visible light into near infrared light, have excellent luminescence properties, stable chemical properties, and can avoid self-fluorescence interference. Therefore, they can be widely used in biomedical fields. However, the low luminescence efficiency of UCNPs restricts its further development. In this paper, several methods for optimizing the luminescence of rare earth upconversion nanoparticles are reviewed, including adjusting matrix and doping ions, co-doping transition metal ions with lanthanide ions, introducing the synergistic sensitizers to reduce the thermal effect, and synergistic effect of organic dyes and UCNPs, metal surface plasmon resonance enhancement method, etc. This review discusses the latest research progress of the above methods, summarizes the problems existing in these methods, and points out the research and development focus on upconversion luminescence field. One is to analyze the mechanism of various optimized luminescence methods, and put forward a more complete and clear theoretical system. The other is to explore UCNPs which are degradable by organisms, in order to minimize the side effects.
2018, 81(12): 1072-1077
Abstract:
Ionic liquids (ILs) have many excellent properties such as non-volatility, nonflammability, high ionic conductivity, physicochemical stability, wide electrochemical window, structural diversity and designability. In recent years, they have played a vital role in electrochemistry, biology, green chemistry, etc. This article mainly reviews some applications of ILs in biology. Firstly, the target gene or drug is expected to be delivered by ILs as an ideal carrier to target cells for therapeutic purposes. Secondly, the toxicity effects of ILs on organisms have been explored on purpose for killing cancer cells and other special cells or green degradation. Thirdly, the good electrocatalytic activity and high sensitivity of ILs can lead to preparations of biosensors for electrochemical detections. Finally, ILs can be used as the carrier for separations of nucleic acids, simplifying the separation process and improving the efficiency.
Ionic liquids (ILs) have many excellent properties such as non-volatility, nonflammability, high ionic conductivity, physicochemical stability, wide electrochemical window, structural diversity and designability. In recent years, they have played a vital role in electrochemistry, biology, green chemistry, etc. This article mainly reviews some applications of ILs in biology. Firstly, the target gene or drug is expected to be delivered by ILs as an ideal carrier to target cells for therapeutic purposes. Secondly, the toxicity effects of ILs on organisms have been explored on purpose for killing cancer cells and other special cells or green degradation. Thirdly, the good electrocatalytic activity and high sensitivity of ILs can lead to preparations of biosensors for electrochemical detections. Finally, ILs can be used as the carrier for separations of nucleic acids, simplifying the separation process and improving the efficiency.
2018, 81(12): 1078-1088
Abstract:
Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn., a kind of economic tree with high comprehensive utilization value, which integrates with industry, medicine, ornamental and ecology. In recent years, it has received extensive attention due to its high commercial value and pharmacological activity. To date, there were 71 kinds of triterpenoid saponins were isolated and identified from Sapindus mukorossi according to the reports from literatures, most of them have antibacterial, anti-tumor, protection of heart and brain blood vessels, protecting liver, anti fertility, insecticidal and other biological activities and good nonionic surface activity. So, they have a wide application in the fields of medicine, food health care, daily chemical and agricultural fields. In this paper, the types, extraction and separation of saponins and their application were summarized to provide reference for the future research, development and utilization of Sapindus mukorossi.
Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn., a kind of economic tree with high comprehensive utilization value, which integrates with industry, medicine, ornamental and ecology. In recent years, it has received extensive attention due to its high commercial value and pharmacological activity. To date, there were 71 kinds of triterpenoid saponins were isolated and identified from Sapindus mukorossi according to the reports from literatures, most of them have antibacterial, anti-tumor, protection of heart and brain blood vessels, protecting liver, anti fertility, insecticidal and other biological activities and good nonionic surface activity. So, they have a wide application in the fields of medicine, food health care, daily chemical and agricultural fields. In this paper, the types, extraction and separation of saponins and their application were summarized to provide reference for the future research, development and utilization of Sapindus mukorossi.
2018, 81(12): 1089-1095
Abstract:
Membrane fouling constitutes a bottleneck limiting the efficient and wide application of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. One of the main way to improve the antifouling performance of PVDF membrane is surface hydrophilic modification. This paper reviews different modification methods including surface coating, surface grafting, blending modification and copolymerization modification. By analyzing the effects of different modification methods on hydrophilic effect, permeability, antifouling ability and long term effectiveness of PVDF, their advantages and disadvantages were discussed. It is hoped that this paper will provide some technical and theoretical support for the application of PVDF membrane treatment.
Membrane fouling constitutes a bottleneck limiting the efficient and wide application of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. One of the main way to improve the antifouling performance of PVDF membrane is surface hydrophilic modification. This paper reviews different modification methods including surface coating, surface grafting, blending modification and copolymerization modification. By analyzing the effects of different modification methods on hydrophilic effect, permeability, antifouling ability and long term effectiveness of PVDF, their advantages and disadvantages were discussed. It is hoped that this paper will provide some technical and theoretical support for the application of PVDF membrane treatment.
2018, 81(12): 1096-1103
Abstract:
Nitrogen compounds in oils affect oil stability, storage and transportation safety and secondary processing. In recent years, the denitrification of oil has become one of the research hotspots to solve environmental pollution and energy shortage problems. Although the technology of denitrification is mature, its cost and energy consumption are high. Photocatalytic denitrification has many advantages, such as safety, environmental friendliness, high stability, high catalytic activity and low energy consumption. This paper introduces the development process and research status of photocatalytic technology in the field of fuel oil denitrification, including carrier optimization and catalyst modification for metal oxide catalysts and molecular sieve catalyst systems. It is expected to provide reference for the preparation of novel modified nanophotocatalysts and their applications in the deep denitrification of oil products.
Nitrogen compounds in oils affect oil stability, storage and transportation safety and secondary processing. In recent years, the denitrification of oil has become one of the research hotspots to solve environmental pollution and energy shortage problems. Although the technology of denitrification is mature, its cost and energy consumption are high. Photocatalytic denitrification has many advantages, such as safety, environmental friendliness, high stability, high catalytic activity and low energy consumption. This paper introduces the development process and research status of photocatalytic technology in the field of fuel oil denitrification, including carrier optimization and catalyst modification for metal oxide catalysts and molecular sieve catalyst systems. It is expected to provide reference for the preparation of novel modified nanophotocatalysts and their applications in the deep denitrification of oil products.
2018, 81(12): 1104-1109
Abstract:
The detection of metal ions is extremely important for human health and environmental protection. In this work, a fluorescent probe for the detection of Fe3+ was synthesized based on aromatization reaction of methyl 3-dehydroshikimate (3-MDHS). The target probe RhM606 was synthesized by condensation reaction between rhodamine-6G ethylenediamine and 3-MDHS catalyzed by p-toluene sulfonic acid. The probe molecules have a specific coordination effect with Fe3+ in ethanol solution, which induce the opening of the lactam ring and generate a strong fluorescence emission at 553 nm. The fluorescent probe has a good selectivity and can quantitatively determinate Fe3+ in aqueous solution. The limit of detection is 3.93 μmol/L.
The detection of metal ions is extremely important for human health and environmental protection. In this work, a fluorescent probe for the detection of Fe3+ was synthesized based on aromatization reaction of methyl 3-dehydroshikimate (3-MDHS). The target probe RhM606 was synthesized by condensation reaction between rhodamine-6G ethylenediamine and 3-MDHS catalyzed by p-toluene sulfonic acid. The probe molecules have a specific coordination effect with Fe3+ in ethanol solution, which induce the opening of the lactam ring and generate a strong fluorescence emission at 553 nm. The fluorescent probe has a good selectivity and can quantitatively determinate Fe3+ in aqueous solution. The limit of detection is 3.93 μmol/L.
2018, 81(12): 1110-1114, 1120
Abstract:
In this paper, the titled compound (probe L) was synthesized by using 2-aminopyridine and 4-N, N-diethylamino salicylaldehyde as starting materials, and its structure was characterized by NMR. In DMSO/Tris (6:4, V/V, pH=7.4) solution, the probe L can selectively recognize Zn2+ with fluorescence 'turn-on' responding, and fluorescence color of the system was changed from non-fluoresce to strong blue fluorescence under 365 nm UV lamp irradiation. The experimental results demonstrated that the binding ratio of L to Zn2+ is 1:1, the binding constant is 2.60×103 L·mol-1, the detection limit is 9.39×10-7mol/L, and the proper pH range is 7~11. The probe L can also detect Zn2+ in real water samples.
In this paper, the titled compound (probe L) was synthesized by using 2-aminopyridine and 4-N, N-diethylamino salicylaldehyde as starting materials, and its structure was characterized by NMR. In DMSO/Tris (6:4, V/V, pH=7.4) solution, the probe L can selectively recognize Zn2+ with fluorescence 'turn-on' responding, and fluorescence color of the system was changed from non-fluoresce to strong blue fluorescence under 365 nm UV lamp irradiation. The experimental results demonstrated that the binding ratio of L to Zn2+ is 1:1, the binding constant is 2.60×103 L·mol-1, the detection limit is 9.39×10-7mol/L, and the proper pH range is 7~11. The probe L can also detect Zn2+ in real water samples.
2018, 81(12): 1121-1126
Abstract:
The syntheses of 2-aryl-3-sulfenyl-2, 3-dihydroquinolin-4(1H)-ones are realized using (E)-1-(2-tosylaminophenyl)-3-arylprop-2-en-1-ones (1) and N-sulfanylsuccinimides as substrates through electrophilic cyclization. With BF3·Et2O (20(mol)%) as the catalyst and 1, 2-dichloroethane as the solvent, the reaction can be performed well at 60℃ and give the desired 2-aryl-3-sulfenyl-4(1H)-quinolinones in a yield of 60%~92%. Compounds 3a-3l have not been reported in the literature, and their structures are confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-MS.
The syntheses of 2-aryl-3-sulfenyl-2, 3-dihydroquinolin-4(1H)-ones are realized using (E)-1-(2-tosylaminophenyl)-3-arylprop-2-en-1-ones (1) and N-sulfanylsuccinimides as substrates through electrophilic cyclization. With BF3·Et2O (20(mol)%) as the catalyst and 1, 2-dichloroethane as the solvent, the reaction can be performed well at 60℃ and give the desired 2-aryl-3-sulfenyl-4(1H)-quinolinones in a yield of 60%~92%. Compounds 3a-3l have not been reported in the literature, and their structures are confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-MS.
2018, 81(12): 1127-1131
Abstract:
A convenient method for the preparation of indenoindolones from 3-(2-bromobenzoyl)-indoles without the aid of transition-metal catalysis has been developed. 2-Zincioindole reagents, prepared in-situ from 3-(2-bromobenzoyl)-indoles, n-BuLi and ZnI2, were found to undergo intramolecular addition-cyclizing reactions with aryl bromides in the presence of LiI in a mixed solvent consisting of toluene and THF(2:1). Various substituted indeno[1, 2-b]indol-10(5H)-ones can be obtained in good yields. The effects of reaction parameters such as solvent, zinc halide and additive on the yield were investigated.
A convenient method for the preparation of indenoindolones from 3-(2-bromobenzoyl)-indoles without the aid of transition-metal catalysis has been developed. 2-Zincioindole reagents, prepared in-situ from 3-(2-bromobenzoyl)-indoles, n-BuLi and ZnI2, were found to undergo intramolecular addition-cyclizing reactions with aryl bromides in the presence of LiI in a mixed solvent consisting of toluene and THF(2:1). Various substituted indeno[1, 2-b]indol-10(5H)-ones can be obtained in good yields. The effects of reaction parameters such as solvent, zinc halide and additive on the yield were investigated.
2018, 81(12): 1132-1137
Abstract:
To improve the flocculability of the epichlorohydrin and polyamine flocculants, a novel epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine-methenamine quaternary ammonium salt cationic modified flocculant (HMTA) was synthesized by using epichlorohydrin and dimethylamine as main raw materials and methenamine as the crosslinking agent. The HMTA flocculant showed better performance in the treatment of the Liaohe oilfield wastewater. Influences of the flocculant dosage and temperature on the flocculation performance of the flocculant (HMTA) were investigated. Under the optimum temperature of 45℃ and the optimum dosage of flocculant of 20mg/L, turbidity removal rate of 98.1% and oil removal rate of 35.1% are achieved. The IR and NMR results illustrated that the methenamine acted as the crosslinking agent in the polymer and improved the flocculation performance of the epichlorohydrin and polyamine flocculant.
To improve the flocculability of the epichlorohydrin and polyamine flocculants, a novel epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine-methenamine quaternary ammonium salt cationic modified flocculant (HMTA) was synthesized by using epichlorohydrin and dimethylamine as main raw materials and methenamine as the crosslinking agent. The HMTA flocculant showed better performance in the treatment of the Liaohe oilfield wastewater. Influences of the flocculant dosage and temperature on the flocculation performance of the flocculant (HMTA) were investigated. Under the optimum temperature of 45℃ and the optimum dosage of flocculant of 20mg/L, turbidity removal rate of 98.1% and oil removal rate of 35.1% are achieved. The IR and NMR results illustrated that the methenamine acted as the crosslinking agent in the polymer and improved the flocculation performance of the epichlorohydrin and polyamine flocculant.
2018, 81(12): 1138-1142
Abstract:
In order to understand the pollution of dioxins and their analogues in the e-waste dismantling area of certain city, Guangdong Province, two batches of adult free-range poultry samples of chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons and quail were randomly collected from the homes of village residents in the e-waste dismantling area to study the levels of 17 dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in the meat from September 2017 to October 2017. The collected 10 batches of poultry samples were analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution double focused magnetic mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). As a result, referring to the EU current "2014/663/EU" action standard and "(EU) No 1259/2011" maximum limit standard, it was found that 6 batches of samples exceeded the dioxin equivalence action standard (1.25pg/g fat), of which 3 batches of samples (2.40pg/g fat, 2.56pg/g fat, 1.94pg/g fat) exceeded the maximum limit standard (1.75pg/g fat); two batches of samples (0.930pg/g fat, 2.14 pg/g fat) exceeded the dioxin-like polyphenylene equivalent standard of action (0.75pg/g fat); one batch of sample (3.33pg/g fat) exceeded the toxicity of dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls equivalent total limit standard (3.0pg/g fat). It was confirmed that there is a certain degree of dioxin and dioxin-like PCB contamination in the area.
In order to understand the pollution of dioxins and their analogues in the e-waste dismantling area of certain city, Guangdong Province, two batches of adult free-range poultry samples of chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons and quail were randomly collected from the homes of village residents in the e-waste dismantling area to study the levels of 17 dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in the meat from September 2017 to October 2017. The collected 10 batches of poultry samples were analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution double focused magnetic mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). As a result, referring to the EU current "2014/663/EU" action standard and "(EU) No 1259/2011" maximum limit standard, it was found that 6 batches of samples exceeded the dioxin equivalence action standard (1.25pg/g fat), of which 3 batches of samples (2.40pg/g fat, 2.56pg/g fat, 1.94pg/g fat) exceeded the maximum limit standard (1.75pg/g fat); two batches of samples (0.930pg/g fat, 2.14 pg/g fat) exceeded the dioxin-like polyphenylene equivalent standard of action (0.75pg/g fat); one batch of sample (3.33pg/g fat) exceeded the toxicity of dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls equivalent total limit standard (3.0pg/g fat). It was confirmed that there is a certain degree of dioxin and dioxin-like PCB contamination in the area.
2018, 81(12): 1115-1120
Abstract:
A facile procedure for the catalytic addition of arylboronic acids to aromatic aldehydes was developed using a simple NiCl2(PPh3)2/IPr·HCl system under mild conditions, providing diarylmethanols in high yields. This method is simple and easy to handle, which is an important supplement to the preparation of diaryl methanols.
A facile procedure for the catalytic addition of arylboronic acids to aromatic aldehydes was developed using a simple NiCl2(PPh3)2/IPr·HCl system under mild conditions, providing diarylmethanols in high yields. This method is simple and easy to handle, which is an important supplement to the preparation of diaryl methanols.
2018, 81(12): 1143-1146
Abstract:
In this work a novel binder-free electrode material is prepared through carbon dioxide activation by using basswood as a precursor, and it is also used as current collector. The morphology, structure, and pore properties are revealed by a variety of characterization methods, such as SEM, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurement. The capacitive desalination performance of the material was tested by capacitive desalination device. The results showed that the material has a large number of microporous structure with a specific surface area of 1440m2/g. At the solution solubility of 200, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/L, the adsorption capacities were 2.02, 3.76, 6.21 and 12.42 mg/g, respectively.
In this work a novel binder-free electrode material is prepared through carbon dioxide activation by using basswood as a precursor, and it is also used as current collector. The morphology, structure, and pore properties are revealed by a variety of characterization methods, such as SEM, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurement. The capacitive desalination performance of the material was tested by capacitive desalination device. The results showed that the material has a large number of microporous structure with a specific surface area of 1440m2/g. At the solution solubility of 200, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/L, the adsorption capacities were 2.02, 3.76, 6.21 and 12.42 mg/g, respectively.
