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2017 Volume 80 Issue 4
2017, 80(4): 315-321
Abstract:
Fluorene derivatives are a kind of important compounds for organic blue luminescent materials due to they have an rigid aromatic biphenyl structure with a few of interesting properties, such as wide energy gap, high luminescent efficiency, high thermal stability, easy to modify, etc. In this article, the research advance on the fluorene derivatives for blue organic electroluminescent diodes is reviewed, and their future development trend is prospected.
Fluorene derivatives are a kind of important compounds for organic blue luminescent materials due to they have an rigid aromatic biphenyl structure with a few of interesting properties, such as wide energy gap, high luminescent efficiency, high thermal stability, easy to modify, etc. In this article, the research advance on the fluorene derivatives for blue organic electroluminescent diodes is reviewed, and their future development trend is prospected.
2017, 80(4): 322-328
Abstract:
4-Chromanone derivatives are widespread in nature, most of them have biological activities. 4-Chromanone derivatives with bioactivities are chiral compounds, especially C2. The asymmetric synthesis of these compounds has attracted great attention. The key step of synthesizing of 4-chromanone derivatives is to control the synthesis of C2 chiral center. In this paper, based on the different synthesis routes, various methods of synthesizing C2 (racemic or chiral)-4-chromanone derivatives in recent years were summarized, and the reaction characteristics of synthesizing C2 (chiral)-4-chromanone derivatives were discussed.
4-Chromanone derivatives are widespread in nature, most of them have biological activities. 4-Chromanone derivatives with bioactivities are chiral compounds, especially C2. The asymmetric synthesis of these compounds has attracted great attention. The key step of synthesizing of 4-chromanone derivatives is to control the synthesis of C2 chiral center. In this paper, based on the different synthesis routes, various methods of synthesizing C2 (racemic or chiral)-4-chromanone derivatives in recent years were summarized, and the reaction characteristics of synthesizing C2 (chiral)-4-chromanone derivatives were discussed.
2017, 80(4): 329-333
Abstract:
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) can be used to synthesize a variety of heterocyclic carbene metal compounds due to its unique structure and properties. Now NHC has been developed as one of the most important ligands in the field of catalysis and has been the focus of a large number of researchers. The synthesis methods of metal complexes with monodentate, bidentate and multidentate using imidazole as the basic unit equipped with different heteroatomic groups were reviewed in this paper, and their applications in the Suzuki coupling reaction, Heck coupling reactions were also summarized.
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) can be used to synthesize a variety of heterocyclic carbene metal compounds due to its unique structure and properties. Now NHC has been developed as one of the most important ligands in the field of catalysis and has been the focus of a large number of researchers. The synthesis methods of metal complexes with monodentate, bidentate and multidentate using imidazole as the basic unit equipped with different heteroatomic groups were reviewed in this paper, and their applications in the Suzuki coupling reaction, Heck coupling reactions were also summarized.
2017, 80(4): 334-340
Abstract:
New psychoactive substances of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) have been concerned greatly in recent years. SCs are a chemically diverse group of compounds functionally similar to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), because of their access availability and hard to be detected, it has been used around the world, directly affects people's physical and mental health. For this reason, the researchers from various countries have conducted many correlation studies on new psychoactive substances such as SCs. This article summarized the current research on the structure, classification, toxicity, metabolism and determination methods of SCs. Meanwhile, some new ideas of detection of synthetic cannabinoids were introduced, and prospect on this field was briefly discussed.
New psychoactive substances of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) have been concerned greatly in recent years. SCs are a chemically diverse group of compounds functionally similar to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), because of their access availability and hard to be detected, it has been used around the world, directly affects people's physical and mental health. For this reason, the researchers from various countries have conducted many correlation studies on new psychoactive substances such as SCs. This article summarized the current research on the structure, classification, toxicity, metabolism and determination methods of SCs. Meanwhile, some new ideas of detection of synthetic cannabinoids were introduced, and prospect on this field was briefly discussed.
2017, 80(4): 341-348
Abstract:
Surface molecular imprinted sensors (SMIS) have comparable selectivities with those biosensors. They have received great attention from domestic and foreign researchers due to the advantages of easy preparation, low cost, remarkable robustness and excellent repeatability. Compared with the traditional chromatography analysis methods (i.e., GC, GC-MS, HPLC and HPLC-MS etc.), SMIS combine separation and detection functions without any sample pretreatment step, so they can afford a much simple, sensitive and rapid sample analysis, and are widely used in medicine transferring, environmental monitoring, food safety analysis and real-time chemical analysis. In this paper, the classification, fabrication methods and application fields of SMIS are reviewed, and the challenges and prospects of this technology are also discussed.
Surface molecular imprinted sensors (SMIS) have comparable selectivities with those biosensors. They have received great attention from domestic and foreign researchers due to the advantages of easy preparation, low cost, remarkable robustness and excellent repeatability. Compared with the traditional chromatography analysis methods (i.e., GC, GC-MS, HPLC and HPLC-MS etc.), SMIS combine separation and detection functions without any sample pretreatment step, so they can afford a much simple, sensitive and rapid sample analysis, and are widely used in medicine transferring, environmental monitoring, food safety analysis and real-time chemical analysis. In this paper, the classification, fabrication methods and application fields of SMIS are reviewed, and the challenges and prospects of this technology are also discussed.
2017, 80(4): 349-355
Abstract:
In this paper the mechanism of the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) reaction of sulfur-containing compounds over bulk transition metal phosphide catalysts, supported transition metal phosphide catalysts, and modified transition metal phosphide catalysts were reviewed. The structure-activity relationships of catalysts, the influence of different types of catalysts on the reaction paths of sulfur-containing compounds over catalysts were also discussed in detail. The calculation of rate constant of different HDS steps over phosphide catalyst led to a better understanding of HDS reaction steps. These results can also help us to understand the reaction kinetics and reaction network of sulfur-containing compounds over phosphide catalysts, which offers an important academic value and general guiding significance for the development and application of new-style deep HDS catalyst.
In this paper the mechanism of the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) reaction of sulfur-containing compounds over bulk transition metal phosphide catalysts, supported transition metal phosphide catalysts, and modified transition metal phosphide catalysts were reviewed. The structure-activity relationships of catalysts, the influence of different types of catalysts on the reaction paths of sulfur-containing compounds over catalysts were also discussed in detail. The calculation of rate constant of different HDS steps over phosphide catalyst led to a better understanding of HDS reaction steps. These results can also help us to understand the reaction kinetics and reaction network of sulfur-containing compounds over phosphide catalysts, which offers an important academic value and general guiding significance for the development and application of new-style deep HDS catalyst.
2017, 80(4): 356-360
Abstract:
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) has received great attention in wastewater treatment for several years. However, the application of MBR is hindered by the membrane fouling which brings the decrease of permeation flux. It has been reported that membrane fouling can be reduced by iron-based coagulant. This article firstly summarized the effects of iron ion with different valence on the quality of MBR effluent. Then, the distribution and transformation of iron in sludge mixed liquor were analyzed. Moreover, the mechanisms of membrane fouling under the presence of iron ions with different valence were clarified. Finally, the future perspectives regarding the influence of iron ions on the performance of MBR were proposed.
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) has received great attention in wastewater treatment for several years. However, the application of MBR is hindered by the membrane fouling which brings the decrease of permeation flux. It has been reported that membrane fouling can be reduced by iron-based coagulant. This article firstly summarized the effects of iron ion with different valence on the quality of MBR effluent. Then, the distribution and transformation of iron in sludge mixed liquor were analyzed. Moreover, the mechanisms of membrane fouling under the presence of iron ions with different valence were clarified. Finally, the future perspectives regarding the influence of iron ions on the performance of MBR were proposed.
2017, 80(4): 361-366
Abstract:
The graphene oxide were prepared via modified Hummers method. Thiol-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-SH) was synthesized by condensation reaction of cysteamine with graphene oxide. The synthesized materials were characterized by FT-IR, SEM and XPS. The results indicated that cysteamine has been successfully grafted on the surface of graphite oxide. And then the synthesized GO-SH was used to simulate the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) in aqueous solution. Under the optimized condition, GO-SH exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity for Pb(Ⅱ) of 205.25 mg/g. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics matched well with the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order equation. The GO-SH reported in this paper has great potential application in wastewater treatment and purification.
The graphene oxide were prepared via modified Hummers method. Thiol-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-SH) was synthesized by condensation reaction of cysteamine with graphene oxide. The synthesized materials were characterized by FT-IR, SEM and XPS. The results indicated that cysteamine has been successfully grafted on the surface of graphite oxide. And then the synthesized GO-SH was used to simulate the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) in aqueous solution. Under the optimized condition, GO-SH exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity for Pb(Ⅱ) of 205.25 mg/g. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics matched well with the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order equation. The GO-SH reported in this paper has great potential application in wastewater treatment and purification.
2017, 80(4): 367-372
Abstract:
A novel copper ion imprinted sensor was prepared for sensitive and selective determination of copper with graphene as the modification material, copper ion as the template ion, and dopamine as the functional monomer. The ion imprinted electrochemical sensor was characterized by differential pulse voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that the as-prepared sensor exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity toward copper ions. Under the optimized conditions, a good linear relationship was established between the response current of the imprinted sensor and the negative logarithm of copper ion concentration in the range of 5.0× 10-6~5.0× 10-11mol/L. The ion imprinted electrochemical sensor was successfully used for the detection of trace copper ions in water sample.
A novel copper ion imprinted sensor was prepared for sensitive and selective determination of copper with graphene as the modification material, copper ion as the template ion, and dopamine as the functional monomer. The ion imprinted electrochemical sensor was characterized by differential pulse voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that the as-prepared sensor exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity toward copper ions. Under the optimized conditions, a good linear relationship was established between the response current of the imprinted sensor and the negative logarithm of copper ion concentration in the range of 5.0× 10-6~5.0× 10-11mol/L. The ion imprinted electrochemical sensor was successfully used for the detection of trace copper ions in water sample.
2017, 80(4): 373-377
Abstract:
Dynamic testing can well simulate the indoor environment temperature, relative humidity, air exchange and harmful substances release rate and so on, can more reliably reflect the purification performance of scavenging materials in door. Photodegradation of benzenes by UV/active carbon(AC)/TiO2 has been carried out through dynamic testing methods in this work. The benzenes removal capacities of UV oxidation, AC adsorption and the photodegradation of UV/AC/TiO2 were systematically investigated. Moreover, the effects of O2 content and relative humidity on the degradation efficiency of benzenes by UV/AC/TiO2 has been discussed. The results indicated that moderate O2 concentration and relative humidity can obvious enhance the degradation of benzenes under 254 nm UV light. Thus, this dynamic testing methods could effectively evaluate the purification efficiency and degradation rate of different scavenging materials, and it has a vital significance for establishing methods which could estimate the property of air cleaner.
Dynamic testing can well simulate the indoor environment temperature, relative humidity, air exchange and harmful substances release rate and so on, can more reliably reflect the purification performance of scavenging materials in door. Photodegradation of benzenes by UV/active carbon(AC)/TiO2 has been carried out through dynamic testing methods in this work. The benzenes removal capacities of UV oxidation, AC adsorption and the photodegradation of UV/AC/TiO2 were systematically investigated. Moreover, the effects of O2 content and relative humidity on the degradation efficiency of benzenes by UV/AC/TiO2 has been discussed. The results indicated that moderate O2 concentration and relative humidity can obvious enhance the degradation of benzenes under 254 nm UV light. Thus, this dynamic testing methods could effectively evaluate the purification efficiency and degradation rate of different scavenging materials, and it has a vital significance for establishing methods which could estimate the property of air cleaner.
2017, 80(4): 378-384
Abstract:
Three fairly stable high-valence silver complexes [AgEn(BigH)2]2(SO4)3·7H2O (3), [Ag(Py)2(N2)2](OH)2 (4) and [Ag(2-Apy)3(OH)](HSO4)·H2O (5) have been synthesized with ethylenebisbiguanide, pyridine and pyridine derivative as ligands. The products were characterized by IR, elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The growth-inhibitory curves and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were applied to evaluate the antibacterial ability of complexes, and the photostability of complexes was detected. The results showed that all the complexes begin to inhabit the growth of test bacteria at very low concentration of 0.5 μg/mL, and the MIC values for E.coli are 10, 5, and 5 μg/mL respectively, the MIC values for S.aureus are 40, 20, and 20 μg/mL respectively, indicating the synthesized high-valence silver complexes possess an excellent antibacterial activity. Besides, all the complexes have better antibacterial activity to E.coli than S.aureus.
Three fairly stable high-valence silver complexes [AgEn(BigH)2]2(SO4)3·7H2O (3), [Ag(Py)2(N2)2](OH)2 (4) and [Ag(2-Apy)3(OH)](HSO4)·H2O (5) have been synthesized with ethylenebisbiguanide, pyridine and pyridine derivative as ligands. The products were characterized by IR, elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The growth-inhibitory curves and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were applied to evaluate the antibacterial ability of complexes, and the photostability of complexes was detected. The results showed that all the complexes begin to inhabit the growth of test bacteria at very low concentration of 0.5 μg/mL, and the MIC values for E.coli are 10, 5, and 5 μg/mL respectively, the MIC values for S.aureus are 40, 20, and 20 μg/mL respectively, indicating the synthesized high-valence silver complexes possess an excellent antibacterial activity. Besides, all the complexes have better antibacterial activity to E.coli than S.aureus.
2017, 80(4): 385-391
Abstract:
The flash point is a physical quantity indicating the flammable degree of a compound, and also an important safety index of combustible liquid. This paper analyzed the relationship between flash points and molecular structures of oxygen-containing organic compounds, including alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters. A set of molecular structural descriptors, i. e., the vertex degree-distance index (VDI), odd-even index (OEI), edge degree-distance index (EDI), molecular volume index (MVI), and hydrogen bond indicator (HB) were extracted and calculated. Based on these descriptors and the two-thirds power of the number of vertexes (N2/3), quantitative structure-property relationship analysis was carried out for the flash points of 81 oxygen-containing organic compounds in the training set. The multiple linear regression model based on N2/3, VDI, EDI, OEI, MVI and HB was established with the correlation coefficient R=0.9909, the standard deviation s=6.39K, and the average relative deviation ARD=1.60%. The flash points of 20 oxygen-containing organic compounds in the test set were predicted by this model, and the ARD was 1.84%.
The flash point is a physical quantity indicating the flammable degree of a compound, and also an important safety index of combustible liquid. This paper analyzed the relationship between flash points and molecular structures of oxygen-containing organic compounds, including alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters. A set of molecular structural descriptors, i. e., the vertex degree-distance index (VDI), odd-even index (OEI), edge degree-distance index (EDI), molecular volume index (MVI), and hydrogen bond indicator (HB) were extracted and calculated. Based on these descriptors and the two-thirds power of the number of vertexes (N2/3), quantitative structure-property relationship analysis was carried out for the flash points of 81 oxygen-containing organic compounds in the training set. The multiple linear regression model based on N2/3, VDI, EDI, OEI, MVI and HB was established with the correlation coefficient R=0.9909, the standard deviation s=6.39K, and the average relative deviation ARD=1.60%. The flash points of 20 oxygen-containing organic compounds in the test set were predicted by this model, and the ARD was 1.84%.
2017, 80(4): 392-395
Abstract:
A Schiff base was synthesized from commercially available 5-bromo-2-furaldehyde and 2-(methylsulfonyl)ethaneamine in the nucleophilic additional reaction. A novel intermediate of lapatinib was synthesized from the Schiff base by hydrogenation reduction, amino protection, borylation reaction. The overall yield is 66.32%.
A Schiff base was synthesized from commercially available 5-bromo-2-furaldehyde and 2-(methylsulfonyl)ethaneamine in the nucleophilic additional reaction. A novel intermediate of lapatinib was synthesized from the Schiff base by hydrogenation reduction, amino protection, borylation reaction. The overall yield is 66.32%.
2017, 80(4): 396-399
Abstract:
A series of chalcone derivatives containing piperazine group have been synthesized starting from 4-methoxybenzaldehyde and 2-bromo-4'-fluoroacetophenone by Aldol reaction, dehydration and substitution. Their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. The cytotoxic activities in vitro of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against a panel of human tumor cell lines by the MTT assay. The biological results demonstrated that compound 3e and 4d show good cytotoxic activities against Hela and A549, and could be used as lead compounds for further research.
A series of chalcone derivatives containing piperazine group have been synthesized starting from 4-methoxybenzaldehyde and 2-bromo-4'-fluoroacetophenone by Aldol reaction, dehydration and substitution. Their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. The cytotoxic activities in vitro of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against a panel of human tumor cell lines by the MTT assay. The biological results demonstrated that compound 3e and 4d show good cytotoxic activities against Hela and A549, and could be used as lead compounds for further research.
2017, 80(4): 400-407
Abstract:
Several ionization patterns of covalent bond, including induced-ionization of covalent bond in metals and nonmetals, induced-ionization of covalent bond in hydrogen compounds and metal compounds, lowering temperature and self-induced ionization of compound, and so on, were deduced and analyzed by using chemical bond theory. The trend of ionization was also analyzed on energy changing and several important applications of the ionization of covalent bond were discussed.
Several ionization patterns of covalent bond, including induced-ionization of covalent bond in metals and nonmetals, induced-ionization of covalent bond in hydrogen compounds and metal compounds, lowering temperature and self-induced ionization of compound, and so on, were deduced and analyzed by using chemical bond theory. The trend of ionization was also analyzed on energy changing and several important applications of the ionization of covalent bond were discussed.
