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2017 Volume 80 Issue 11
2017, 80(11): 987-994, 1060
Abstract:
The magnetic response nano-drug carriers based on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been widely used in tumor diagnosis and treatment. Their stability, circulation time and sustained drug release capability are all increased by function modification of the SPIONs. They are combined with targeted ligand molecules, which can enhance their multi-targeting effect. Based on magnetism-and photo-thermal effects of SPIONs and shell materials, they can directly kill tumor cells or peel off the thermo-sensitive shell to release drugs, increase the drug concentration in the tumor site, thereby enhancing the treatment effect of tumor. Herein the progress in the magnetic response nano-drug carriers based on SPIO was reviewed.
The magnetic response nano-drug carriers based on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been widely used in tumor diagnosis and treatment. Their stability, circulation time and sustained drug release capability are all increased by function modification of the SPIONs. They are combined with targeted ligand molecules, which can enhance their multi-targeting effect. Based on magnetism-and photo-thermal effects of SPIONs and shell materials, they can directly kill tumor cells or peel off the thermo-sensitive shell to release drugs, increase the drug concentration in the tumor site, thereby enhancing the treatment effect of tumor. Herein the progress in the magnetic response nano-drug carriers based on SPIO was reviewed.
2017, 80(11): 995-1001
Abstract:
Platinum drugs have become one of the most widely used anticancer drugs due to their unique mechanisms of action. However, the clinical use of platinum anticancer drugs were limited by serious side effects, drug resistance and other issues. In order to overcome the deficiencies of platinum anticancer drugs, improve the bioavailability of platinum anticancer drugs and reduce their side effects, targeted drug delivery system to change the in vivo transmission method of the platinum drugs has been widely concerned. Among of them, the platinum drugs-gold nanoparticles delivery system has significantly caused the attention of researchers for its high loading capacity, easy modification, cancer cells EPR effect and non-immunogenicity, etc. In this paper, the research progress in nanogold delivery systems for platinum-based antitumor drugs in recent ten years were introduced.
Platinum drugs have become one of the most widely used anticancer drugs due to their unique mechanisms of action. However, the clinical use of platinum anticancer drugs were limited by serious side effects, drug resistance and other issues. In order to overcome the deficiencies of platinum anticancer drugs, improve the bioavailability of platinum anticancer drugs and reduce their side effects, targeted drug delivery system to change the in vivo transmission method of the platinum drugs has been widely concerned. Among of them, the platinum drugs-gold nanoparticles delivery system has significantly caused the attention of researchers for its high loading capacity, easy modification, cancer cells EPR effect and non-immunogenicity, etc. In this paper, the research progress in nanogold delivery systems for platinum-based antitumor drugs in recent ten years were introduced.
2017, 80(11): 1002-1008
Abstract:
Nitroxide radical compounds are organic compounds containing carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and spin-on-one electrons, and are used in many fields because of their special properties. In this review, the characteristics of nitroxides and their application in biology, magnetism, organic catalysis and polymerization were summarized. The development trend of nitroxide radical compounds were discussed.
Nitroxide radical compounds are organic compounds containing carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and spin-on-one electrons, and are used in many fields because of their special properties. In this review, the characteristics of nitroxides and their application in biology, magnetism, organic catalysis and polymerization were summarized. The development trend of nitroxide radical compounds were discussed.
2017, 80(11): 1009-1013
Abstract:
Coumarins are a common motif in a variety of naturally occurring and synthetic molecules with interesting biological activities, which are verified to have many pharmacological activities such as cytotoxic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory. Recently, lots of new synthetic methods of coumarins, especially synthetic methods based on highly efficient palladium-catalyzed reactions, have been developed. This paper summarizes the progress in the palladium-catalyzed construction of the coumarin framework in the past twenty years. The main synthetic methods include carbonylation, hydroarylation of alkynes, hydroarylation of alkene and cross-coupling reaction. The review may provide some references for the synthesis of novel lead compounds.
Coumarins are a common motif in a variety of naturally occurring and synthetic molecules with interesting biological activities, which are verified to have many pharmacological activities such as cytotoxic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory. Recently, lots of new synthetic methods of coumarins, especially synthetic methods based on highly efficient palladium-catalyzed reactions, have been developed. This paper summarizes the progress in the palladium-catalyzed construction of the coumarin framework in the past twenty years. The main synthetic methods include carbonylation, hydroarylation of alkynes, hydroarylation of alkene and cross-coupling reaction. The review may provide some references for the synthesis of novel lead compounds.
2017, 80(11): 1014-1020
Abstract:
As a nerve agent, the organophosphorus pesticide has been overused with many potential hazards, such as crops and environmental pollution, toxicity toward people and animals, etc. The investigation of highly sensitive and specific method for the detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues is of great significance for the food safety and human health. Owing to the advantages of high sensitivity, specificity, rapid response, and easy operation, the approach based on quantum dot sensors has become a hot topic in the field of organophosphorus pesticide detection. In this paper, the application of quantum dot sensors in the detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues in the crops, environment and biological sample was reviewed, and the prospect of this field was also discussed.
As a nerve agent, the organophosphorus pesticide has been overused with many potential hazards, such as crops and environmental pollution, toxicity toward people and animals, etc. The investigation of highly sensitive and specific method for the detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues is of great significance for the food safety and human health. Owing to the advantages of high sensitivity, specificity, rapid response, and easy operation, the approach based on quantum dot sensors has become a hot topic in the field of organophosphorus pesticide detection. In this paper, the application of quantum dot sensors in the detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues in the crops, environment and biological sample was reviewed, and the prospect of this field was also discussed.
2017, 80(11): 1021-1026
Abstract:
Traditional carbonate electrolyte can be easily oxidized and decomposed continuously under high pressure condition, which seriously restricts the development of high voltage lithium battery. Therefore, it is necessary for designers to follow the principles of sustainable development and green chemistry in designing and synthesizing new high-pressure electrolytes. The dominating reasons why carbonate-based electrolyte under high pressure condition can be oxidized and the status of the traditional electrolytes are described in this paper. In addition to that, the recent advances of new several high-pressure electrolytes such as novel carbonates, nitriles, sulfones and ionic liquids are reviewed. The effect and mechanism of the electrolyte under high pressure are discussed in detail, which provide the direction for enhancing the stability of electrolyte, reducing the viscosity, improving the conductivity as well as safety performance, and lay the foundation for the further industrialization of high-pressure electrolyte.
Traditional carbonate electrolyte can be easily oxidized and decomposed continuously under high pressure condition, which seriously restricts the development of high voltage lithium battery. Therefore, it is necessary for designers to follow the principles of sustainable development and green chemistry in designing and synthesizing new high-pressure electrolytes. The dominating reasons why carbonate-based electrolyte under high pressure condition can be oxidized and the status of the traditional electrolytes are described in this paper. In addition to that, the recent advances of new several high-pressure electrolytes such as novel carbonates, nitriles, sulfones and ionic liquids are reviewed. The effect and mechanism of the electrolyte under high pressure are discussed in detail, which provide the direction for enhancing the stability of electrolyte, reducing the viscosity, improving the conductivity as well as safety performance, and lay the foundation for the further industrialization of high-pressure electrolyte.
2017, 80(11): 1027-1035
Abstract:
Polyurethanes are a class of special polymers with high tunable properties, and have been widely used in many fields due to the versatility in selection of raw materials. In this article, the trends in the development status and research progress of high performance polyurethanes were introduced, the application and research orientation for functional polyurethanes were summarized, and the application problems of polyurethanes in different fields were discussed. Finally, the development prospect of functional polyurethane materials in different fields was prospected.
Polyurethanes are a class of special polymers with high tunable properties, and have been widely used in many fields due to the versatility in selection of raw materials. In this article, the trends in the development status and research progress of high performance polyurethanes were introduced, the application and research orientation for functional polyurethanes were summarized, and the application problems of polyurethanes in different fields were discussed. Finally, the development prospect of functional polyurethane materials in different fields was prospected.
2017, 80(11): 1036-1042
Abstract:
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has provoked wide research interests in heterogeneous catalysis and photocatalysis, owing to its special layered structure and related electronic properties. In this work, the g-C3N4 powder was treated by ultrasonic bath in both isopropanol (IPA) and IPA-H2O solvents and then dispersed on various substrates including mica, HOPG and Au(111). With detailed atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterizations, It was found that after 10 hours of ultrasonic bathing, the g-C3N4 grains were exfoliated into planate particles as small as 100 nm and thin as 10 nm. However the expected g-C3N4 nanosheets were not formed. This is most likely due to the low crystallinity of the g-C3N4 powder produced by the thermal polymerization.
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has provoked wide research interests in heterogeneous catalysis and photocatalysis, owing to its special layered structure and related electronic properties. In this work, the g-C3N4 powder was treated by ultrasonic bath in both isopropanol (IPA) and IPA-H2O solvents and then dispersed on various substrates including mica, HOPG and Au(111). With detailed atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterizations, It was found that after 10 hours of ultrasonic bathing, the g-C3N4 grains were exfoliated into planate particles as small as 100 nm and thin as 10 nm. However the expected g-C3N4 nanosheets were not formed. This is most likely due to the low crystallinity of the g-C3N4 powder produced by the thermal polymerization.
2017, 80(11): 1043-1048
Abstract:
Cu2SnSe3 (CTSe) nanocrystals were synthesized by Schlenk-line technology through a simple method of hot injection of selenium source. Then Ag-doped nanocomposites with a size of ca. 4 nm were obtained by external doping monodispersed Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs). XRD, TEM, HRTEM, IR, and TG were used to characterize CTSe nanocrystals and CTSe-Ag nanocomposites. Thermoelectric properties of as-obtained CTSe nanocrystals and CTSe-Ag nanocomposites were investigated. Relevant test results indicated that sample CTSe-1(mol)% Ag shows the highest figure-of-merit ZT (ZT=0.23, 655K) among different ratio CTSe-Ag samples.
Cu2SnSe3 (CTSe) nanocrystals were synthesized by Schlenk-line technology through a simple method of hot injection of selenium source. Then Ag-doped nanocomposites with a size of ca. 4 nm were obtained by external doping monodispersed Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs). XRD, TEM, HRTEM, IR, and TG were used to characterize CTSe nanocrystals and CTSe-Ag nanocomposites. Thermoelectric properties of as-obtained CTSe nanocrystals and CTSe-Ag nanocomposites were investigated. Relevant test results indicated that sample CTSe-1(mol)% Ag shows the highest figure-of-merit ZT (ZT=0.23, 655K) among different ratio CTSe-Ag samples.
2017, 80(11): 1049-1054
Abstract:
Transition metal oxalate/graphene composites have excellent electrochemical performance which are widely used in lithium ion batteries. In this work, with the raw materials of NiSO4·6H2O, CoSO4·7H2O, Al2(SO4)3·18H2O and H2C2O4 at a certain molar ratio prepared into solution, precursor Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05C2O4 was obtained by hydrothermal reaction for 12 h under 120℃. Then transition metal oxalate/graphene composites Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05C2O4@Graphene were prepared by reduction of graphene oxide. And the structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM indicated that all the samples were cuboid with uniform size and irregular shape. Electrochemical test showed that the capacity of NCA-C2O4@G was higher than that of NCA-C2O4. And the first discharge capacity of NCA-C2O4@G composites at 0.1 C density is 1956 mAh/g. After at 0.1 C, 0.2 C, 0.5 C, 1.0 C, 2.0 C for cycles, the discharge capacity of composite material could be quickly increased to 720 mAh/g when the test conditions recovered to 100 mA/g, and the capacity keeps stable in the subsequent 50 cycles. These indicated that as-prepared NCA-C2O4@G composites have good electrochemical performance.
Transition metal oxalate/graphene composites have excellent electrochemical performance which are widely used in lithium ion batteries. In this work, with the raw materials of NiSO4·6H2O, CoSO4·7H2O, Al2(SO4)3·18H2O and H2C2O4 at a certain molar ratio prepared into solution, precursor Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05C2O4 was obtained by hydrothermal reaction for 12 h under 120℃. Then transition metal oxalate/graphene composites Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05C2O4@Graphene were prepared by reduction of graphene oxide. And the structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM indicated that all the samples were cuboid with uniform size and irregular shape. Electrochemical test showed that the capacity of NCA-C2O4@G was higher than that of NCA-C2O4. And the first discharge capacity of NCA-C2O4@G composites at 0.1 C density is 1956 mAh/g. After at 0.1 C, 0.2 C, 0.5 C, 1.0 C, 2.0 C for cycles, the discharge capacity of composite material could be quickly increased to 720 mAh/g when the test conditions recovered to 100 mA/g, and the capacity keeps stable in the subsequent 50 cycles. These indicated that as-prepared NCA-C2O4@G composites have good electrochemical performance.
2017, 80(11): 1055-1060
Abstract:
Eleven unreported ursolic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized by the oxidation, acylation and esterification of natural product ursolic acid, meantime their structures were characterized by MS, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. A549 and SGC-7901 cells were used to screen the anti-tumor activity in vitro through the MTT assay. The results indicated that the inhibitory rates of the target compounds on A549 and SGC-7901 cells were significantly higher than that of ursolic acid, especially the inhibitory activities of the compounds 4b and 5a are higher than that of 5-Fu and Gefitinib, which are worthy of further research endeavours.
Eleven unreported ursolic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized by the oxidation, acylation and esterification of natural product ursolic acid, meantime their structures were characterized by MS, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. A549 and SGC-7901 cells were used to screen the anti-tumor activity in vitro through the MTT assay. The results indicated that the inhibitory rates of the target compounds on A549 and SGC-7901 cells were significantly higher than that of ursolic acid, especially the inhibitory activities of the compounds 4b and 5a are higher than that of 5-Fu and Gefitinib, which are worthy of further research endeavours.
2017, 80(11): 1061-1066
Abstract:
In order to improve correlation coefficient in QSAR and predict activity of related compounds more accurately, chemical potential gradient was lead into QSAR calculation as a quantum chemical reactivity index. By the research on QSAR of benzodiazepines, it was found that when chemical potential gradient was added, QSAR correlation was raised, what's more, the error between most compounds' calculated values and experimental data were decreased. It showed that chemical potential gradient contributed to improve the forecasting ability of benzodiazepines' hypnotic activity in QSAR. This study was based on the hypothesis that the chemical potential changes of drug molecules in organisms would be reflected in the changes of physiological response or biological activity according to the proportion. For this purpose, we performed a preliminary validation of the QSAR on the studies of benzodiazepines.
In order to improve correlation coefficient in QSAR and predict activity of related compounds more accurately, chemical potential gradient was lead into QSAR calculation as a quantum chemical reactivity index. By the research on QSAR of benzodiazepines, it was found that when chemical potential gradient was added, QSAR correlation was raised, what's more, the error between most compounds' calculated values and experimental data were decreased. It showed that chemical potential gradient contributed to improve the forecasting ability of benzodiazepines' hypnotic activity in QSAR. This study was based on the hypothesis that the chemical potential changes of drug molecules in organisms would be reflected in the changes of physiological response or biological activity according to the proportion. For this purpose, we performed a preliminary validation of the QSAR on the studies of benzodiazepines.
2017, 80(11): 1067-1072
Abstract:
In order to prepare polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites, the Brookhart type of ethylene oligomerization catalyst was supported on the organic montmorillonite layer, and then mixed with propylene polymerization catalyst (metallocene catalyst) to obtain a kind of bifunctional catalytic system. Using the bifunctional catalytic system, a series of polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites with different structures were synthesized by the copolymerization of olefins/montmorillonite and propylene. The results of gas chromatography (GC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the C4~C16 α-olefins were obtained by montmorillonite-supported iron catalyst, and the montmorillonites were dispersed in the form of lamellar oxygenated product in toluene solution. The effects of montmorillonite supported iron catalyst and copolymerization catalyst on the polymerization of ethylene and the copolymerization of propylene and oligomerization products were investigated. The polypropylene/montmorillonite composites were characterized by XRD, TEM, DSC, NMR, and GPC. The results showed that montmorillonite were uniformly dispersed in the polypropylene matrix in the form of nanosheet stripping. The crystallization temperature of polypropylene/montmorillonite composites was lower than that of polypropylene. The molecular weight of the obtained polypropylene matrix is in the range of 8.1×104 to 17.1×104 g/mol.
In order to prepare polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites, the Brookhart type of ethylene oligomerization catalyst was supported on the organic montmorillonite layer, and then mixed with propylene polymerization catalyst (metallocene catalyst) to obtain a kind of bifunctional catalytic system. Using the bifunctional catalytic system, a series of polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites with different structures were synthesized by the copolymerization of olefins/montmorillonite and propylene. The results of gas chromatography (GC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the C4~C16 α-olefins were obtained by montmorillonite-supported iron catalyst, and the montmorillonites were dispersed in the form of lamellar oxygenated product in toluene solution. The effects of montmorillonite supported iron catalyst and copolymerization catalyst on the polymerization of ethylene and the copolymerization of propylene and oligomerization products were investigated. The polypropylene/montmorillonite composites were characterized by XRD, TEM, DSC, NMR, and GPC. The results showed that montmorillonite were uniformly dispersed in the polypropylene matrix in the form of nanosheet stripping. The crystallization temperature of polypropylene/montmorillonite composites was lower than that of polypropylene. The molecular weight of the obtained polypropylene matrix is in the range of 8.1×104 to 17.1×104 g/mol.
2017, 80(11): 1073-1076
Abstract:
Nano-aluminum films, nano gold films, nano 2, 5-diphenyloxazole (DPO) thin films and two-component nano-Al/DPO, Au/DPO composite laminated films were fabricated by DC sputtering method and vacuum deposition method. The electrochemical properties, fluorescence properties and surface morphology of the films were characterized by four-point probe resistance tester, fluorescence spectrophotometer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. In the solid photoluminescence spectra of the Au/DPO and Al/DPO laminated composite film, a significant red shift of fluorsence emission peak occurred. The interaction within Au/DPO laminated composite films was weaker than in the single-component DPO nanofilm samples, while the Al/DPO laminated composite nano films have strong interaction, and the figure of the spectral line altered tremendously. The full width at half maximum (FWHW) of Al/DPO composite film is significantly increased. It is presumed that there is a discrete energy level structure in the particles.
Nano-aluminum films, nano gold films, nano 2, 5-diphenyloxazole (DPO) thin films and two-component nano-Al/DPO, Au/DPO composite laminated films were fabricated by DC sputtering method and vacuum deposition method. The electrochemical properties, fluorescence properties and surface morphology of the films were characterized by four-point probe resistance tester, fluorescence spectrophotometer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. In the solid photoluminescence spectra of the Au/DPO and Al/DPO laminated composite film, a significant red shift of fluorsence emission peak occurred. The interaction within Au/DPO laminated composite films was weaker than in the single-component DPO nanofilm samples, while the Al/DPO laminated composite nano films have strong interaction, and the figure of the spectral line altered tremendously. The full width at half maximum (FWHW) of Al/DPO composite film is significantly increased. It is presumed that there is a discrete energy level structure in the particles.
2017, 80(11): 1077-1079
Abstract:
It is a routine work to determine the pH of a weak monoprotic acid in analytical chemistry. Based on the concentration (c) and dissociation constant (Ka) of a weak monoprotic acid, its pH value can be estimated by a quadratic equation. In this paper, we evaluate the working conditions of the equation for pH determination and reach the following conclusions:(1) In general, the pH of all monoprotic acid solutions can be obtained approximately if their concentrations are higher than 6×10-6 mol·L-1. If cKa ≥ 10Kw, then\begin{document} $[{{\rm{H}}^ + }] = \frac{1}{2}(-{K_{\rm{a}}} + \sqrt {K_{\rm{a}}^2 + 4c{K_{\rm{a}}}})$ \end{document} \begin{document} $[{{\rm{H}}^ + }] = \sqrt {{K_{\rm{w}}} + c{K_{\rm{a}}}} $ \end{document}
It is a routine work to determine the pH of a weak monoprotic acid in analytical chemistry. Based on the concentration (c) and dissociation constant (Ka) of a weak monoprotic acid, its pH value can be estimated by a quadratic equation. In this paper, we evaluate the working conditions of the equation for pH determination and reach the following conclusions:(1) In general, the pH of all monoprotic acid solutions can be obtained approximately if their concentrations are higher than 6×10-6 mol·L-1. If cKa ≥ 10Kw, then
