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2016 Volume 79 Issue 11
2016, 79(11): 993-1000
Abstract:
Quantum dots(QDs) have great potential in the application of biomedical detection and metrology due to their excellent optical properties and flexible surface chemistry. Near-infrared(NIR) fluorescent QDs exhibit special superiority for the application of bioimaging because of the low background interference and large penetration depth in the NIR imaging. This article reviewed the synthesis and biomedical imaging applications of the Cd, Pb-containing and Cd, Pb-free NIR QDs, emphatically introduced the development of the novel low toxic NIR QDs.
Quantum dots(QDs) have great potential in the application of biomedical detection and metrology due to their excellent optical properties and flexible surface chemistry. Near-infrared(NIR) fluorescent QDs exhibit special superiority for the application of bioimaging because of the low background interference and large penetration depth in the NIR imaging. This article reviewed the synthesis and biomedical imaging applications of the Cd, Pb-containing and Cd, Pb-free NIR QDs, emphatically introduced the development of the novel low toxic NIR QDs.
2016, 79(11): 1001-1011
Abstract:
Through the research and development and technology breakthrough of proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) for automobile application in the last two decades all over the world, at present, the fuel cell vehicles have been launched to the market and the PEMFC vehicles have become a green new energy automobile and obtained extensive attention. However, at the automobile operating mode, PEMFC will suffer from various cycles, such as humidification, temperature, fuel supply, current, voltage etc. It will cause the PEMFC key materials degradation and the fuel cell life time attenuation. The vehicle PEMFC lifetime involve massive scale of problems and this review focused on the automobile start-stop operating mode. The study approaches, degradation mechanism, experimental verification, modeling analysis of PEMFC under the start-stop operating mode were reviewed in detail. Furthermore, the mitigation strategies were also introduced from the perspective of fuel cell system management. Finally, some viewpoint, query, analysis and explanation of the problem were provided based on the above review.
Through the research and development and technology breakthrough of proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) for automobile application in the last two decades all over the world, at present, the fuel cell vehicles have been launched to the market and the PEMFC vehicles have become a green new energy automobile and obtained extensive attention. However, at the automobile operating mode, PEMFC will suffer from various cycles, such as humidification, temperature, fuel supply, current, voltage etc. It will cause the PEMFC key materials degradation and the fuel cell life time attenuation. The vehicle PEMFC lifetime involve massive scale of problems and this review focused on the automobile start-stop operating mode. The study approaches, degradation mechanism, experimental verification, modeling analysis of PEMFC under the start-stop operating mode were reviewed in detail. Furthermore, the mitigation strategies were also introduced from the perspective of fuel cell system management. Finally, some viewpoint, query, analysis and explanation of the problem were provided based on the above review.
2016, 79(11): 1012-1015
Abstract:
Pt-based catalyst was widely used for the fuel cells. However, the high cost and scarcity of Pt limit the large-scale commercial application of fuel cells. It has been the emphasis of research to seek for low-cost, high catalytic performances and stable non-precious metal catalysts for fuel cells. The research progresses in non-noble metal catalysts for fuel cells such as metal oxide, metal complex and nonmetal doping carbon materials are reviewed. Finally, the prospects of development trends are also brought forward.
Pt-based catalyst was widely used for the fuel cells. However, the high cost and scarcity of Pt limit the large-scale commercial application of fuel cells. It has been the emphasis of research to seek for low-cost, high catalytic performances and stable non-precious metal catalysts for fuel cells. The research progresses in non-noble metal catalysts for fuel cells such as metal oxide, metal complex and nonmetal doping carbon materials are reviewed. Finally, the prospects of development trends are also brought forward.
2016, 79(11): 1016-1020
Abstract:
As a new separation technology, the membrane distillation-crystallization coupling technology exhibits unique characteristics such as high separation efficiency, environment-friendly and energy-saving. The separation principle, characteristics and advantages of this technology are reviewed. In addition, its development and application are also summarized, and its research and application for treating inorganic salt solution was emphasized. Finally, its application in purification of brine is prospected.
As a new separation technology, the membrane distillation-crystallization coupling technology exhibits unique characteristics such as high separation efficiency, environment-friendly and energy-saving. The separation principle, characteristics and advantages of this technology are reviewed. In addition, its development and application are also summarized, and its research and application for treating inorganic salt solution was emphasized. Finally, its application in purification of brine is prospected.
2016, 79(11): 1021-1027
Abstract:
Chiral coordination polymers(CPs) have become present one of research hot points in chemistry and materials science due to their structural diversities and adjustability, and potential multifunctional properties. In the synthesis process, we generally choose achiral ligands, chiral ligands, chiral solvents and chiral templates in order to obtain chiral CPs. In addition, by selecting the specific metallic cations, we can embed the as-prepared chiral CPs with the fluorescent, electric, magnetic, catalytic and nonlinear optical properties. In this work, the research progresses in synthesis methods and applications of chiral CPs in chiral separation, chiral catalysis, nonlinear optics, ferroelectric and multiferroic properties are discussed in details. Finally, the synthesis methods and applications of chiral CPs are prospected.
Chiral coordination polymers(CPs) have become present one of research hot points in chemistry and materials science due to their structural diversities and adjustability, and potential multifunctional properties. In the synthesis process, we generally choose achiral ligands, chiral ligands, chiral solvents and chiral templates in order to obtain chiral CPs. In addition, by selecting the specific metallic cations, we can embed the as-prepared chiral CPs with the fluorescent, electric, magnetic, catalytic and nonlinear optical properties. In this work, the research progresses in synthesis methods and applications of chiral CPs in chiral separation, chiral catalysis, nonlinear optics, ferroelectric and multiferroic properties are discussed in details. Finally, the synthesis methods and applications of chiral CPs are prospected.
2016, 79(11): 1028-1034
Abstract:
It has been recognized that organic thin-film transistor(OTFT) sensors have a broad range of applications, such as light sensing, artificial skin, environmental monitoring, food safety detection, drug delivery, and medical diagnostics due to their high sensitivities. In this paper, a birds-eye view on OTFT sensors was provided based on a bibliometric analysis. Annual publishing trend and country distributions were analyzed. Important institutions and scientists were introduced and the collaborations between top 30 authors were visualized and illustrated. Meanwhile, the research interests as well as influential articles in OTFT sensors were investigated. Finally, future development of OTFT sensors was prospected.
It has been recognized that organic thin-film transistor(OTFT) sensors have a broad range of applications, such as light sensing, artificial skin, environmental monitoring, food safety detection, drug delivery, and medical diagnostics due to their high sensitivities. In this paper, a birds-eye view on OTFT sensors was provided based on a bibliometric analysis. Annual publishing trend and country distributions were analyzed. Important institutions and scientists were introduced and the collaborations between top 30 authors were visualized and illustrated. Meanwhile, the research interests as well as influential articles in OTFT sensors were investigated. Finally, future development of OTFT sensors was prospected.
2016, 79(11): 1035-1040
Abstract:
In this work, a novel artemisinin sensor was developed. Graphite oxide was coated and reduced to graphene(Gr) on a glassy carbon electrode(GCE) by electrochemical method. Then, Ag nanoparticles(AgNPs) were deposited on the above electrode to fabricate AgNPs/graphene modified electrode(AgNPs/Gr/GCE), which was denoted as the electrochemical sensor of artemisinin. The electrochemical behaviour of the modified electrode was studied by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and so on. The modified electrode displays excellent performance in the electrochemical reduction of artemisinin for showing more positive reduction peak potential and high reduction peak currents. The effects of the experimental variables on the determination of arteminin such as solution pH and applied potential were investigated for optimum analytical conditions, the electrochemical sensor exhibited linear response to artemisinin in the concentration ranges from 1.1×10-8 mol/L to 3.0×10-6 mol/L, with a detection limit of 1.2×10-9 mol/L(S/N of 3). In addition, the stability and reproducibility of this sensor was also evaluated and gave satisfactory results.
In this work, a novel artemisinin sensor was developed. Graphite oxide was coated and reduced to graphene(Gr) on a glassy carbon electrode(GCE) by electrochemical method. Then, Ag nanoparticles(AgNPs) were deposited on the above electrode to fabricate AgNPs/graphene modified electrode(AgNPs/Gr/GCE), which was denoted as the electrochemical sensor of artemisinin. The electrochemical behaviour of the modified electrode was studied by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and so on. The modified electrode displays excellent performance in the electrochemical reduction of artemisinin for showing more positive reduction peak potential and high reduction peak currents. The effects of the experimental variables on the determination of arteminin such as solution pH and applied potential were investigated for optimum analytical conditions, the electrochemical sensor exhibited linear response to artemisinin in the concentration ranges from 1.1×10-8 mol/L to 3.0×10-6 mol/L, with a detection limit of 1.2×10-9 mol/L(S/N of 3). In addition, the stability and reproducibility of this sensor was also evaluated and gave satisfactory results.
2016, 79(11): 1041-1045,1057
Abstract:
A sensitive electrochemical sensor for detecting fenitrothion was prepared by modifying Fe3O4@Ag core/shell nanoparticles on GCE by CS, and its electrochemical properties and electric catalytic behavior were studied. The Fe3O4@Ag magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by TEM and UV-Vis spectra. The results showed that the modified GCE responsed to fenitrothion within the linear range of 1.74×10-7~3.27×10-4 mol/L, and the lower limit of detection was 5.7×10-8mol/L(S/N=3). The sensor is expected to be used in the detection of fenitrothion
A sensitive electrochemical sensor for detecting fenitrothion was prepared by modifying Fe3O4@Ag core/shell nanoparticles on GCE by CS, and its electrochemical properties and electric catalytic behavior were studied. The Fe3O4@Ag magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by TEM and UV-Vis spectra. The results showed that the modified GCE responsed to fenitrothion within the linear range of 1.74×10-7~3.27×10-4 mol/L, and the lower limit of detection was 5.7×10-8mol/L(S/N=3). The sensor is expected to be used in the detection of fenitrothion
2016, 79(11): 1046-1051
Abstract:
A series of 3-substituted chroman-4-one derivatives 3a~3t were synthesized by the condensation of 6-halogen(unsubstituted) chroman-4-one with aldehydes in the presence of base by solvent-free grinding method. The structure of the compounds 3a~3t were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. The results of preliminary bioassay showed that most of the tested compounds generally possess good antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus.
A series of 3-substituted chroman-4-one derivatives 3a~3t were synthesized by the condensation of 6-halogen(unsubstituted) chroman-4-one with aldehydes in the presence of base by solvent-free grinding method. The structure of the compounds 3a~3t were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. The results of preliminary bioassay showed that most of the tested compounds generally possess good antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus.
2016, 79(11): 1052-1057
Abstract:
The new promiscuous activity of papain has been observed to catalyze the direct asymmetric Aldol reaction of heterocyclic ketones with aromatic aldehydes. We studied the effects of solvent, water content, ratio of substrates, enzyme loading and temperature on the reaction. Papain showed favorable catalytic activity and had a good adaptability to different substrates in the reaction. Up to 37% yield and 78% ee were achieved under optimal conditions. It is interesting that papain possesses the function of aldolase in organic solvents.
The new promiscuous activity of papain has been observed to catalyze the direct asymmetric Aldol reaction of heterocyclic ketones with aromatic aldehydes. We studied the effects of solvent, water content, ratio of substrates, enzyme loading and temperature on the reaction. Papain showed favorable catalytic activity and had a good adaptability to different substrates in the reaction. Up to 37% yield and 78% ee were achieved under optimal conditions. It is interesting that papain possesses the function of aldolase in organic solvents.
2016, 79(11): 1058-1062
Abstract:
Ten erucin analogues were synthesized through substitution, aminolysis, and nucleophilic substitution reaction, starting from N-(2-bromoethyl)phthalimide or N-(4-bromobutyl)phthalimide and sodium hydrosulfide. All of synthesized compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activities in vitro by turbidimetric method against Escherichia coli(DH5a), Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC25923), Staphylococcus albus(ATCC8799), Staphylococcus lutea(ACCC11001), Bacillus subtilis(ATCC6633), Bacillus cereus(ACCC11077) and Micrococcus tetragenus(ATCC35098). The results indicated that all compounds exhibit good antimicrobial activities. Benzyl(2-thiocyanatoethyl)sulfane(5e) and benzyl(4-thiocyanatobutyl)sulfane(5j) showed best inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli(DH5a), with the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of 7.8μg/mL, and excellent inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC25923), with the MIC of 15.6μg/mL and 31.2μg/mL.
Ten erucin analogues were synthesized through substitution, aminolysis, and nucleophilic substitution reaction, starting from N-(2-bromoethyl)phthalimide or N-(4-bromobutyl)phthalimide and sodium hydrosulfide. All of synthesized compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activities in vitro by turbidimetric method against Escherichia coli(DH5a), Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC25923), Staphylococcus albus(ATCC8799), Staphylococcus lutea(ACCC11001), Bacillus subtilis(ATCC6633), Bacillus cereus(ACCC11077) and Micrococcus tetragenus(ATCC35098). The results indicated that all compounds exhibit good antimicrobial activities. Benzyl(2-thiocyanatoethyl)sulfane(5e) and benzyl(4-thiocyanatobutyl)sulfane(5j) showed best inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli(DH5a), with the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of 7.8μg/mL, and excellent inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC25923), with the MIC of 15.6μg/mL and 31.2μg/mL.
Preparation and Adsorption Properties of Magnetic Pytazosulfuron-Ethyl Molecularly Imprinted Polymer
2016, 79(11): 1063-1067
Abstract:
A kind of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer(MIP) was synthesized by surface polymerization technique using pytazosulfuron-ethyl(PS) as template, methacrylic acid(MAA) as functional monomer and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate(EDMA) as cross-linker. The structures of the resulting composites were characterized by FT IR and SEM. Adsorption experiment was adopted to study the binding properties of MIP for PS. The MIP as solid phase extraction material was filled in solid phase extraction column combined with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The results showed the maximum adsorption capacity of MIP for PS was 68.94 mg/g, and its imprinted factor achieved to 2.49. The proposed method was applied to determine PS in rice samples. The recovery rate of PS was in the range of 87.73%~99.57%, with the relative standard deviation less than 5.51%. This method has good effect for the applications in the enrichment and separation of PS in real samples.
A kind of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer(MIP) was synthesized by surface polymerization technique using pytazosulfuron-ethyl(PS) as template, methacrylic acid(MAA) as functional monomer and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate(EDMA) as cross-linker. The structures of the resulting composites were characterized by FT IR and SEM. Adsorption experiment was adopted to study the binding properties of MIP for PS. The MIP as solid phase extraction material was filled in solid phase extraction column combined with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The results showed the maximum adsorption capacity of MIP for PS was 68.94 mg/g, and its imprinted factor achieved to 2.49. The proposed method was applied to determine PS in rice samples. The recovery rate of PS was in the range of 87.73%~99.57%, with the relative standard deviation less than 5.51%. This method has good effect for the applications in the enrichment and separation of PS in real samples.
2016, 79(11): 1068-1072
Abstract:
IA-ASP-SSS terpolymer was prepared from itaconic acid(IA), asparagic acid(ASP) and styrene sulfonic sodium(SSS) by free-radical polymerization in aqueous solution with ammonium persulfate as initiator. The structure of IA-ASP-SSS terpolymer was characterized by infrared spectrum. The effect of monomer ratio, dosage of initiator, reaction temperature and reaction time on IA-ASP-SSS terpolymer's scale inhibition performance were discussed, and the optimum experimental condition was obtained by orthogonal and single factor experiments. Static experiment method was employed to investigate the impact of scale inhibitor dosage and calcium concentration on the scale inhibition efficiency. The results indicate that the scale inhibition efficiency of IA-ASP-SSS terpolymer against calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate and calcium sulphate are all above 95%, when monomer ratio(nASP:nIA:nSSS) is 1:1:0.1, dosage of initiator is 9% of total mass of monomers, reaction temperature is 85℃ and reaction time is 3h. And as scale inhibitor, IA-ASP-SSS terpolymer is suitable for high hardness water environment.
IA-ASP-SSS terpolymer was prepared from itaconic acid(IA), asparagic acid(ASP) and styrene sulfonic sodium(SSS) by free-radical polymerization in aqueous solution with ammonium persulfate as initiator. The structure of IA-ASP-SSS terpolymer was characterized by infrared spectrum. The effect of monomer ratio, dosage of initiator, reaction temperature and reaction time on IA-ASP-SSS terpolymer's scale inhibition performance were discussed, and the optimum experimental condition was obtained by orthogonal and single factor experiments. Static experiment method was employed to investigate the impact of scale inhibitor dosage and calcium concentration on the scale inhibition efficiency. The results indicate that the scale inhibition efficiency of IA-ASP-SSS terpolymer against calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate and calcium sulphate are all above 95%, when monomer ratio(nASP:nIA:nSSS) is 1:1:0.1, dosage of initiator is 9% of total mass of monomers, reaction temperature is 85℃ and reaction time is 3h. And as scale inhibitor, IA-ASP-SSS terpolymer is suitable for high hardness water environment.
2016, 79(11): 1073-1078
Abstract:
In order to study retention factors and separation factors of the chiral diarylmethane derivatives, the molecular connectivity index and electrotopological state index of 63 chiral diarylmethane derivatives were calculated based on the location of molecular structure and conjugation matrix. The relationship model between the retention factors, separation factors and optimized molecular structure parameters of these compounds were developed. Using the structural parameters as the input variables of the neural network, we constructed three satisfying QSRR models with back-propagation algorithm, whose network structure were different. The total correlation coefficient R was 0.981, 0.972 and 0.992 respectively. The mean deviation between the experimental and the predicted values of lgk2, lgk1 and lgα was 0.041, 0.042 and 0.010 respectively. The results showed that there was good nonlinear relationship between the lgk2, lgk1, lgα and the structural parameters.
In order to study retention factors and separation factors of the chiral diarylmethane derivatives, the molecular connectivity index and electrotopological state index of 63 chiral diarylmethane derivatives were calculated based on the location of molecular structure and conjugation matrix. The relationship model between the retention factors, separation factors and optimized molecular structure parameters of these compounds were developed. Using the structural parameters as the input variables of the neural network, we constructed three satisfying QSRR models with back-propagation algorithm, whose network structure were different. The total correlation coefficient R was 0.981, 0.972 and 0.992 respectively. The mean deviation between the experimental and the predicted values of lgk2, lgk1 and lgα was 0.041, 0.042 and 0.010 respectively. The results showed that there was good nonlinear relationship between the lgk2, lgk1, lgα and the structural parameters.
2016, 79(11): 1079-1084
Abstract:
In this study, the method of preparing the transversal and longitudinal sections of carbon fiber used for Raman scattering spectrum measurement was proposed. Raman mapping was performed on the transversal and longitudinal sections of three T800 carbon fibers, domestic JHT55, P278F and Toray T800S. By comparing the graphitization degrees(GD), the homogeneity distributions of the samples in radial and axial directions and along the equator were discussed. The result showed that three T800 carbon fibers all have skin-core structures, but their homogeneities are different. The Toray T800S carbon fiber has the highest homogeneity, which indicates an important factor that leads to a better performance than the domestic ones in their application fields.
In this study, the method of preparing the transversal and longitudinal sections of carbon fiber used for Raman scattering spectrum measurement was proposed. Raman mapping was performed on the transversal and longitudinal sections of three T800 carbon fibers, domestic JHT55, P278F and Toray T800S. By comparing the graphitization degrees(GD), the homogeneity distributions of the samples in radial and axial directions and along the equator were discussed. The result showed that three T800 carbon fibers all have skin-core structures, but their homogeneities are different. The Toray T800S carbon fiber has the highest homogeneity, which indicates an important factor that leads to a better performance than the domestic ones in their application fields.
2016, 79(11): 1084-1084
Abstract:
AP chemistry course connects high school and college courses. Experiment is one of the fundamental elements in AP chemistry. Reasonable and effective evaluation of students' performance in chemistry experiment class is critical to experiment teaching improvement. AP chemistry experiment evaluation system is demonstrated according to authors' AP chemistry experiment teaching practice in the United States. Evaluation before, during and after the experiment as well as guiding question strategy are discussed in detail.
AP chemistry course connects high school and college courses. Experiment is one of the fundamental elements in AP chemistry. Reasonable and effective evaluation of students' performance in chemistry experiment class is critical to experiment teaching improvement. AP chemistry experiment evaluation system is demonstrated according to authors' AP chemistry experiment teaching practice in the United States. Evaluation before, during and after the experiment as well as guiding question strategy are discussed in detail.
2016, 79(11): 1085-1088
Abstract:
A mononuclear cadmium compound, [Cd(bbi)(tdc)(H2O)]n·nH2O [bbi:1, 1'-(1, 4-butanediyl)bis(imidazole); H2tdc: 2, 5-thiophene dicarboxylic acid] was synthesized at room temperature in the mixed solvent. Its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and further characterized by IR spectra and elemental analysis. In addition, the thermal stability and the luminescent property of [Cd(bbi)(tdc)(H2O)]n·nH2O have been investigated in detail. The titled complex crystallizes in orthorhombic system, space group Fdd2 with a=20.945(2) Å, b=32.309(4) Å, c=12.1084(14) Å, α=90°, β=90°, γ=90°, V=8194.1(16)Å3, C16H20CdN4O6S, Mr=508.82, Z=16, Dc=1.650 g·cm-3 , F(000)=4096, the final R1=0.0186, wR2=0.0491. The Cd ion was coordinated with carboxyl oxygen atoms from H2tdc ligands to form a one-dimensional (1D) linear chain, and ultimately formed a 3D structure by bbi ligands.
A mononuclear cadmium compound, [Cd(bbi)(tdc)(H2O)]n·nH2O [bbi:1, 1'-(1, 4-butanediyl)bis(imidazole); H2tdc: 2, 5-thiophene dicarboxylic acid] was synthesized at room temperature in the mixed solvent. Its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and further characterized by IR spectra and elemental analysis. In addition, the thermal stability and the luminescent property of [Cd(bbi)(tdc)(H2O)]n·nH2O have been investigated in detail. The titled complex crystallizes in orthorhombic system, space group Fdd2 with a=20.945(2) Å, b=32.309(4) Å, c=12.1084(14) Å, α=90°, β=90°, γ=90°, V=8194.1(16)Å3, C16H20CdN4O6S, Mr=508.82, Z=16, Dc=1.650 g·cm-3 , F(000)=4096, the final R1=0.0186, wR2=0.0491. The Cd ion was coordinated with carboxyl oxygen atoms from H2tdc ligands to form a one-dimensional (1D) linear chain, and ultimately formed a 3D structure by bbi ligands.
2016, 79(11): 1089-1092
Abstract:
Eight chalcone compounds bearing N-substituted piperazine moiety had been synthesized, and their in vitro cytotoxic activities were evaluated against A549 and SGC7901 by the MTT assay. The structure of target compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. The results showed that compounds bearing ketone group show better anticancer activities. In particular, compound 3a was found to be the most potent compound against A549 and SGC7901(IC50=0.28μmol/L and 2.53μmol/L, respectively), so it can be used as a lead compound for further research.
Eight chalcone compounds bearing N-substituted piperazine moiety had been synthesized, and their in vitro cytotoxic activities were evaluated against A549 and SGC7901 by the MTT assay. The structure of target compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. The results showed that compounds bearing ketone group show better anticancer activities. In particular, compound 3a was found to be the most potent compound against A549 and SGC7901(IC50=0.28μmol/L and 2.53μmol/L, respectively), so it can be used as a lead compound for further research.
2016, 79(11): 1093-1096
Abstract:
N，N'-diphenyl-N, N'-bis(9, 9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl)-9-hexyl-(4, 4'-diaminophenyl) carbazole was synthesized by N-alkylation, Suzuki coupling reaction and Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reaction using 2, 7-dibromo carbazole as starting materials. The structure of target compound was characterized by NMR, IR and melting point. Thermal properties and optical properties were determined with TG, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra. The synthesized compounds can be used as hole-transport material in organic light emitting display.
N，N'-diphenyl-N, N'-bis(9, 9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl)-9-hexyl-(4, 4'-diaminophenyl) carbazole was synthesized by N-alkylation, Suzuki coupling reaction and Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reaction using 2, 7-dibromo carbazole as starting materials. The structure of target compound was characterized by NMR, IR and melting point. Thermal properties and optical properties were determined with TG, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra. The synthesized compounds can be used as hole-transport material in organic light emitting display.
2016, 79(11): 1097-1101
Abstract:
The differences between the reactions occurring in gaseous phase and in solution are demonstrated based on some experimental data. The classic treatment of the solution reactions based on the ‘solvent cage’ and ‘encountered pair’ models and diffusion process is discussed. It is found that, during the classic theoretical treatments, some assumptions and approximation treatments are not reasonable. The rate equation derived from the mechanism formerly proposed is too simple to include some important factors affecting the kinetic characters of the solution reactions.
The differences between the reactions occurring in gaseous phase and in solution are demonstrated based on some experimental data. The classic treatment of the solution reactions based on the ‘solvent cage’ and ‘encountered pair’ models and diffusion process is discussed. It is found that, during the classic theoretical treatments, some assumptions and approximation treatments are not reasonable. The rate equation derived from the mechanism formerly proposed is too simple to include some important factors affecting the kinetic characters of the solution reactions.
