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2016 Volume 79 Issue 10
2016, 79(10): 891-896
Abstract:
Porous polymer materials with well-defined porosities and high specific surface areas are being used in a wide range of applications, such as energy, chemical engineering, biology and functional materials. Currently more and more research is based on high internal phase emulsion templates to prepare porous polymers materials. The stability of the high internal phase emulsion is the key point for the preparation of porous polymer materials. This paper introduces various surfactants for stabilizing high internal phase emulsions and the applications of porous polymers materials prepared by high internal phase emulsion templates.
Porous polymer materials with well-defined porosities and high specific surface areas are being used in a wide range of applications, such as energy, chemical engineering, biology and functional materials. Currently more and more research is based on high internal phase emulsion templates to prepare porous polymers materials. The stability of the high internal phase emulsion is the key point for the preparation of porous polymer materials. This paper introduces various surfactants for stabilizing high internal phase emulsions and the applications of porous polymers materials prepared by high internal phase emulsion templates.
2016, 79(10): 897-904
Abstract:
Under the inspiration of natural superhydrophobic bio-surfaces such as lotus leaves, strider legs, gecko feet, the fabrication and application of various bionic superhydrophobic and superoleophobic surfaces have attracted more and more attentions of the researchers recently. Bionic superhydrophobic surfaces show great performances, such as self-cleaning, anti-icing, anti-corrosion, drag reduction, due to their micro and nano hierarchical structures. This review gives an overview of recent advances of superhydrophobic surface materials. The theories of surface wettability and foundation of superhydrophobic surface are elaborated, and the preparation methods of superhydrophobic materials and the problem existed are summarized. Finally, the application of superhydrophobic surfaces materials in various fields such as coatings, textiles, anti-corrosion, anti-bacterial and anti-fogging are reviewed, and the development direction of the superhydrophobic surfaces are proposed as well.
Under the inspiration of natural superhydrophobic bio-surfaces such as lotus leaves, strider legs, gecko feet, the fabrication and application of various bionic superhydrophobic and superoleophobic surfaces have attracted more and more attentions of the researchers recently. Bionic superhydrophobic surfaces show great performances, such as self-cleaning, anti-icing, anti-corrosion, drag reduction, due to their micro and nano hierarchical structures. This review gives an overview of recent advances of superhydrophobic surface materials. The theories of surface wettability and foundation of superhydrophobic surface are elaborated, and the preparation methods of superhydrophobic materials and the problem existed are summarized. Finally, the application of superhydrophobic surfaces materials in various fields such as coatings, textiles, anti-corrosion, anti-bacterial and anti-fogging are reviewed, and the development direction of the superhydrophobic surfaces are proposed as well.
2016, 79(10): 905-913
Abstract:
Nitrogen doped porous carbon materials, with high surface area, porosity and great chemical endurance, have attracted much attention for the application in heterogeneous catalysis and materials for its great electrical conductivity and electron transporting ability as the nitrogen was included into the structure. In this work, the preparation method of nitrogen doped porous carbon materials and their application in heterogeneous catalysis were summarized. The research focus and application prospect in the future were proposed as well.
Nitrogen doped porous carbon materials, with high surface area, porosity and great chemical endurance, have attracted much attention for the application in heterogeneous catalysis and materials for its great electrical conductivity and electron transporting ability as the nitrogen was included into the structure. In this work, the preparation method of nitrogen doped porous carbon materials and their application in heterogeneous catalysis were summarized. The research focus and application prospect in the future were proposed as well.
2016, 79(10): 914-920
Abstract:
It is commonly recognized that plasma has advantages on material preparation and modification. TiO2, widely used in the research fields of solar cells and photocatalysis, is characterized by high chemical stability, higher antioxidant activity, lower production cost and so on. This paper reviews the preparation of photocatalytic TiO2 by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) intensification, including the plasma assistant preparation of photocatalytic TiO2 thin films and the doped TiO2 by plasma, and the mechanism is analyzed. According to the research results, the photocatalytic TiO2 prepared by plasma has better uniformity and catalytic activity, which can be ascribed to the electrons with high energy. Firstly, TiO2 particles can adsorb electrons and produce electrostatic repulsive force, hindering the agglomeration of particles. Moreover, the election with high reduction capability can break the Ti-O bond, forming oxygen vacancy and enhancing its catalytic performance.
It is commonly recognized that plasma has advantages on material preparation and modification. TiO2, widely used in the research fields of solar cells and photocatalysis, is characterized by high chemical stability, higher antioxidant activity, lower production cost and so on. This paper reviews the preparation of photocatalytic TiO2 by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) intensification, including the plasma assistant preparation of photocatalytic TiO2 thin films and the doped TiO2 by plasma, and the mechanism is analyzed. According to the research results, the photocatalytic TiO2 prepared by plasma has better uniformity and catalytic activity, which can be ascribed to the electrons with high energy. Firstly, TiO2 particles can adsorb electrons and produce electrostatic repulsive force, hindering the agglomeration of particles. Moreover, the election with high reduction capability can break the Ti-O bond, forming oxygen vacancy and enhancing its catalytic performance.
2016, 79(10): 921-928,904
Abstract:
The polyoxometalates containing bismuth have received wide attentions for their structure diversities and potential applications in many fields. More than fifty polyoxometalates containing bismuth have been reported. According to the role of Bi(Ⅲ) in polyoxometalates, the complexes can be divided into four categories: (1) Bi(Ⅲ) acts as the central heteroatom; (2) Bi(Ⅲ) acts as the substituting atom; (3) Bi(Ⅲ) acts as the bridging atom; (4) Bi(Ⅲ) acts as the terminal atom. In this paper, advances in syntheses and structure aspects of them were reviewed. Meanwhile the application of polyoxometalates containing bismuth in catalysis, magnetics, optical materials, medicines and other aspects were introduced. Finally, the research prospect of them was pointed out. The synthesis, properties and development of the polyoxometalates containing bismuth can be well known through this review, which is helpful for expanding the research of polyoxometalates.
The polyoxometalates containing bismuth have received wide attentions for their structure diversities and potential applications in many fields. More than fifty polyoxometalates containing bismuth have been reported. According to the role of Bi(Ⅲ) in polyoxometalates, the complexes can be divided into four categories: (1) Bi(Ⅲ) acts as the central heteroatom; (2) Bi(Ⅲ) acts as the substituting atom; (3) Bi(Ⅲ) acts as the bridging atom; (4) Bi(Ⅲ) acts as the terminal atom. In this paper, advances in syntheses and structure aspects of them were reviewed. Meanwhile the application of polyoxometalates containing bismuth in catalysis, magnetics, optical materials, medicines and other aspects were introduced. Finally, the research prospect of them was pointed out. The synthesis, properties and development of the polyoxometalates containing bismuth can be well known through this review, which is helpful for expanding the research of polyoxometalates.
2016, 79(10): 929-935,941
Abstract:
1,3,4-thiadiazole is five-membered heterocyclic compound which contains heteroatoms of N and S, having a variety of biological activities. The derivatives of 1,3,4-thiadiazole have been applied to the fields of biology, medicine and others, and have made breakthrough in such aspects as antibacterial, antitumor, and anticancer research. It is of great significance to research on its derivatives due to special structure and superior biological activities. This article has a closer look at the synthesis methods and the research of antibacterial, antitumor, anticancer of the derivatives of 1,3,4-thiadiazole.
1,3,4-thiadiazole is five-membered heterocyclic compound which contains heteroatoms of N and S, having a variety of biological activities. The derivatives of 1,3,4-thiadiazole have been applied to the fields of biology, medicine and others, and have made breakthrough in such aspects as antibacterial, antitumor, and anticancer research. It is of great significance to research on its derivatives due to special structure and superior biological activities. This article has a closer look at the synthesis methods and the research of antibacterial, antitumor, anticancer of the derivatives of 1,3,4-thiadiazole.
2016, 79(10): 936-941
Abstract:
The short-chain ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [C2mim]BF4 was introduced into the surfactant aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) of DTAB/SDS/H2O, the effect of IL on the phase diagram and the properties of phase separation was studied. The results showed that the cationic properties of the IL are the main factors that affect the excess regional nature of anionic surfactants. The morphology of aggregates in the system is changed by addition of IL, eventually leads to the disappearance of the ATPSa. IL's anions play a decisive role in the nature of ATPSc. The compression effect of the electric double layer of the mixed surfactant micelle that caused by salt effect of IL not only promoted the formation of micelles, shortened the time needed for the formation of stable micelles and thus speeded up the phase separation of system, but also increased the DTAB content needed for the formation of ATPSc. The introduction of IL changed the compositions of the coexisted two phases and increased the content of cationic surfactant of the surfactant enriched upper phase, which endowed the ATPSc more excellent extraction property. The extraction efficiency of upper phase to methyl orange can reach to 96.67%.
The short-chain ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [C2mim]BF4 was introduced into the surfactant aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) of DTAB/SDS/H2O, the effect of IL on the phase diagram and the properties of phase separation was studied. The results showed that the cationic properties of the IL are the main factors that affect the excess regional nature of anionic surfactants. The morphology of aggregates in the system is changed by addition of IL, eventually leads to the disappearance of the ATPSa. IL's anions play a decisive role in the nature of ATPSc. The compression effect of the electric double layer of the mixed surfactant micelle that caused by salt effect of IL not only promoted the formation of micelles, shortened the time needed for the formation of stable micelles and thus speeded up the phase separation of system, but also increased the DTAB content needed for the formation of ATPSc. The introduction of IL changed the compositions of the coexisted two phases and increased the content of cationic surfactant of the surfactant enriched upper phase, which endowed the ATPSc more excellent extraction property. The extraction efficiency of upper phase to methyl orange can reach to 96.67%.
2016, 79(10): 942-946,951
Abstract:
The flexible coal based carbon nanofibers (CBCNFs) were prepared by electrospinning technique and well modified by using the low temperature plasma surface modification technology. The CBCNFs/MnO2 composite was prepared by in situ reduction reaction using plasma-modified CBCNFs as reductant to react with potassium permanganate (KMnO4). The morphology and structure of as-prepared CBCNFs/MnO2 composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM). The results showed that the nanoflakes of MnO2 well coated on the CBCNFs. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of the electrode material as flexible supercapacitor was investigated. The prepared material (CBCNFs/MnO2-2) with KMnO4/CBCNFs=2/1(mass ratio) shows good electrochemical performance. It was found that the CBCNFs/MnO2-2 electrodes showed a specific capacitance of 118 F·g-1 at a current density of 0.1 A·g-1, which is 4.5 times higher than that of the CBCNFs (26 F·g-1). The capacitance retention ratio of the CBCNFs/MnO2-2 remained 97% after 1000 cycles at a current density of 1 A·g-1.
The flexible coal based carbon nanofibers (CBCNFs) were prepared by electrospinning technique and well modified by using the low temperature plasma surface modification technology. The CBCNFs/MnO2 composite was prepared by in situ reduction reaction using plasma-modified CBCNFs as reductant to react with potassium permanganate (KMnO4). The morphology and structure of as-prepared CBCNFs/MnO2 composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM). The results showed that the nanoflakes of MnO2 well coated on the CBCNFs. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of the electrode material as flexible supercapacitor was investigated. The prepared material (CBCNFs/MnO2-2) with KMnO4/CBCNFs=2/1(mass ratio) shows good electrochemical performance. It was found that the CBCNFs/MnO2-2 electrodes showed a specific capacitance of 118 F·g-1 at a current density of 0.1 A·g-1, which is 4.5 times higher than that of the CBCNFs (26 F·g-1). The capacitance retention ratio of the CBCNFs/MnO2-2 remained 97% after 1000 cycles at a current density of 1 A·g-1.
2016, 79(10): 947-951
Abstract:
An iridium complex[Ir(dfpmpy)2(tfmpic)] with 2-(2',4'-difluorophenyl)-4-methylpyridine (dfpmpy) as cyclometalated ligand and 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid (tfmpic) as ancillary ligand has been prepared, and its photophysical and electrochemical properties have been investigated. In degassed CH3CN solution, this complex exhibits yellow light emission with a peak wavelength of 554 nm, which was attributed to the 3MLCT or 3LLCT states.
An iridium complex[Ir(dfpmpy)2(tfmpic)] with 2-(2',4'-difluorophenyl)-4-methylpyridine (dfpmpy) as cyclometalated ligand and 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid (tfmpic) as ancillary ligand has been prepared, and its photophysical and electrochemical properties have been investigated. In degassed CH3CN solution, this complex exhibits yellow light emission with a peak wavelength of 554 nm, which was attributed to the 3MLCT or 3LLCT states.
2016, 79(10): 952-957,980
Abstract:
Three isomers of 1,3-diphenyl-5-pyrazolone (DPP) with different color were obtained by recrystallization using three different solvents. Their composition and structures were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Their emission properties were studied by fluorescence spectra. The results indicated that these isomers exhibit aggregation-induced emission and photoisomerization behavior. Moreover, the recrystallization solvents can obviously affect the structure and property of the products. In addition, the composited film of DPP/polystyrene also exhibits good fluorescence property, indicating it has potential application in the field of antifake.
Three isomers of 1,3-diphenyl-5-pyrazolone (DPP) with different color were obtained by recrystallization using three different solvents. Their composition and structures were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Their emission properties were studied by fluorescence spectra. The results indicated that these isomers exhibit aggregation-induced emission and photoisomerization behavior. Moreover, the recrystallization solvents can obviously affect the structure and property of the products. In addition, the composited film of DPP/polystyrene also exhibits good fluorescence property, indicating it has potential application in the field of antifake.
2016, 79(10): 958-962
Abstract:
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) reactor makes use of hydrogen-producing microorganisms that attached to the anode to absorb the CO2 Gas, at the same time reversibly turn it into high value biofuels. Fusiform spore fungus Clostridium sp. separated from cow dung was chose as the bacteria for synthesizing biofuels. Cyclic voltammetry test was proceed in MFC reactor by accessing to electrochemical workstation. When reduction reaction occured, the reduction peak appeared at -0.5 V. While using constant voltage DC electrolysis, the synthetic biofuel is methanol. The methanol cumulants come to the maximum of 3.13 mmol/L at 24 h; when CO2 gas proportion is 15%, the maximum methanol cumulants is 2.98 mmol/L. When bacterial inoculum is 1mL, the methanol cumulants reaches the maximum of 2.76 mmol/L. Under the optimum conditions, the CO2 conversion rate is 7.5%.
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) reactor makes use of hydrogen-producing microorganisms that attached to the anode to absorb the CO2 Gas, at the same time reversibly turn it into high value biofuels. Fusiform spore fungus Clostridium sp. separated from cow dung was chose as the bacteria for synthesizing biofuels. Cyclic voltammetry test was proceed in MFC reactor by accessing to electrochemical workstation. When reduction reaction occured, the reduction peak appeared at -0.5 V. While using constant voltage DC electrolysis, the synthetic biofuel is methanol. The methanol cumulants come to the maximum of 3.13 mmol/L at 24 h; when CO2 gas proportion is 15%, the maximum methanol cumulants is 2.98 mmol/L. When bacterial inoculum is 1mL, the methanol cumulants reaches the maximum of 2.76 mmol/L. Under the optimum conditions, the CO2 conversion rate is 7.5%.
2016, 79(10): 963-967
Abstract:
The addition reaction of alkene with bromine in water was achieved by using 2,2',6,6'-tetrabromobisphenol A diallyl ether as raw materials to synthesize tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2,3-dibromopropyl)ether. All the necessary factors， such as type of additives, amounts of bromine, reaction time and temperature etc., were investigated. The target product was obtained in 93.6% yield (91.7% purity, HPLC) with sodium dodecyl sulfate as accessory ingredient in water. At the same time, the problem of product aggregation caused by poor solubility of raw materials in water was solved. This method has the advantages of simple post-treatments and processing routes, no generation of waste liquids, and low cost, etc.
The addition reaction of alkene with bromine in water was achieved by using 2,2',6,6'-tetrabromobisphenol A diallyl ether as raw materials to synthesize tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2,3-dibromopropyl)ether. All the necessary factors， such as type of additives, amounts of bromine, reaction time and temperature etc., were investigated. The target product was obtained in 93.6% yield (91.7% purity, HPLC) with sodium dodecyl sulfate as accessory ingredient in water. At the same time, the problem of product aggregation caused by poor solubility of raw materials in water was solved. This method has the advantages of simple post-treatments and processing routes, no generation of waste liquids, and low cost, etc.
2016, 79(10): 968-974
Abstract:
Abuse of the large number sedative hypnotics has brought serious negative impacts to food safety, and also threatens people's health and life safety. In the present work, using temazepam (TMZ) as an example, we explore theoretically the alcoholysis of benzodiazepines in neutral and acidic methanol solvent by employing the B3LYP/6-311+G** and MP2/6-311+G** methods. The results indicated that the degradation reactions of TMZ by N1-C2 bond broken in neutral and acidic methanol solution (Path 2 and Path 3) are difficult to process based on the analysis of kinetics and thermodynamics, while the degradation reaction of TMZ by C3-N4 bond broken (Path 1) is feasible in neutral methanol solution according to the dynamic analysis. The reaction involves one (85.7kJ/mol (ΔG≠)) or two explicit solvent molecules (81.6 kJ/mol (ΔG≠)), which act(s) as proton acceptor and donor to accelerate the reaction. Thus, Path 1 should be the dominated alcoholysis reaction path of TMZ in methanol solution, and the results are consistent with the experimental results.
Abuse of the large number sedative hypnotics has brought serious negative impacts to food safety, and also threatens people's health and life safety. In the present work, using temazepam (TMZ) as an example, we explore theoretically the alcoholysis of benzodiazepines in neutral and acidic methanol solvent by employing the B3LYP/6-311+G** and MP2/6-311+G** methods. The results indicated that the degradation reactions of TMZ by N1-C2 bond broken in neutral and acidic methanol solution (Path 2 and Path 3) are difficult to process based on the analysis of kinetics and thermodynamics, while the degradation reaction of TMZ by C3-N4 bond broken (Path 1) is feasible in neutral methanol solution according to the dynamic analysis. The reaction involves one (85.7kJ/mol (ΔG≠)) or two explicit solvent molecules (81.6 kJ/mol (ΔG≠)), which act(s) as proton acceptor and donor to accelerate the reaction. Thus, Path 1 should be the dominated alcoholysis reaction path of TMZ in methanol solution, and the results are consistent with the experimental results.
2016, 79(10): 975-980
Abstract:
Two chalcone derivatives 1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(4-dimethylaminophenyl) acrylic ketone (1) and 1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylic ketone (2) were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and HR-MS. Their third-order nonlinear optical properties were measured by 4f phase-coherent imaging system with pulse width 4nm, laser wavelength 500nm and 440nm, respectively. The relevant parameters were given as follows: for compound 1: the nonlinear absorption coefficient β=7.3×10-10 m/W, the nonlinear refractive index n2=-3.6×10-17 m2/W, the third-order nonlinear polarizability χ(3)=2.56×10-11 esu; for compound 2: β= -4.8×10-10 m/W, n2=2.0×10-17 m2/W, χ(3)=1.45×10-11 esu. The corresponding UV absorption and DSC curves were also investigated. Moreover, their orbital energy and polarization were calculated by density functional theory. The results indicated that intramolecular electron transfer can occur in 1 and 2. Thus both compounds exhibit better NLO activities.
Two chalcone derivatives 1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(4-dimethylaminophenyl) acrylic ketone (1) and 1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylic ketone (2) were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and HR-MS. Their third-order nonlinear optical properties were measured by 4f phase-coherent imaging system with pulse width 4nm, laser wavelength 500nm and 440nm, respectively. The relevant parameters were given as follows: for compound 1: the nonlinear absorption coefficient β=7.3×10-10 m/W, the nonlinear refractive index n2=-3.6×10-17 m2/W, the third-order nonlinear polarizability χ(3)=2.56×10-11 esu; for compound 2: β= -4.8×10-10 m/W, n2=2.0×10-17 m2/W, χ(3)=1.45×10-11 esu. The corresponding UV absorption and DSC curves were also investigated. Moreover, their orbital energy and polarization were calculated by density functional theory. The results indicated that intramolecular electron transfer can occur in 1 and 2. Thus both compounds exhibit better NLO activities.
2016, 79(10): 981-985
Abstract:
The adsorption property of corncob powder for different dyes was studied, and the results showed that the cationic dyes can be effectively adsorbed on the corncob powder. The effects of adsorbent dosage, pH, concentration and temperature of the solution on the adsorption of neutral red were investigated. The resultant kinetic data were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. At different temperatures, the adsorption process was in accordance with both the Langmiur isotherm mode and the Freundlich isotherm mode, the value of qmax and KF were little influenced by the temperature. The result of Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm fitting showed that the adsorption is mainly a chemical adsorption. The thermodynamics study indicated that the adsorption of neutral red on the corncob powder was spontaneous and exothermic. The existence of other electrolyte was not conducive to the adsorption.
The adsorption property of corncob powder for different dyes was studied, and the results showed that the cationic dyes can be effectively adsorbed on the corncob powder. The effects of adsorbent dosage, pH, concentration and temperature of the solution on the adsorption of neutral red were investigated. The resultant kinetic data were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. At different temperatures, the adsorption process was in accordance with both the Langmiur isotherm mode and the Freundlich isotherm mode, the value of qmax and KF were little influenced by the temperature. The result of Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm fitting showed that the adsorption is mainly a chemical adsorption. The thermodynamics study indicated that the adsorption of neutral red on the corncob powder was spontaneous and exothermic. The existence of other electrolyte was not conducive to the adsorption.
