针对二维单层BiOI纳米片的晶格热导率及其声子输运性质进行了深入探究。通过结合第一性原理计算和玻尔兹曼输运理论，系统地分析了单层BiOI纳米片在不同温度下的声子群速度、格林艾森参数、三声子散射率和散射相空间等关键物理量。计算结果显示，单层BiOI纳米片在室温下的本征晶格热导率约为4.71 W·m^-1·K^-1，当温度升高至800 K时，其热导率显著降低至1.74 W·m^-1·K^-1。面外声学支(ZA)、横向声学支(TA)和纵向声学支(LA)声子模式在所研究的温度范围内对晶格热导率的贡献几乎相等。低晶格热导率的物理根源归结于低声子群速度、强烈的声子-声子散射过程以及较低的德拜温度。此外，还探讨了单层BiOI纳米片的电子结构，确认了其具有半导体特性，并且间接带隙约为2.16 eV。

采用原位聚合法制备了氯氧化铋(BiOCl)与聚苯胺(PANI)复合的Ⅱ型异质结光催化剂BiOCl/PANI，并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附测试等多种技术手段对其进行了表征，考察了BiOCl/PANI在模拟可见光下对罗丹明B (RhB)的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：BiOCl/PANI催化剂比PANI和BiOCl具有更高的光催化活性，在RhB质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、PANI与BiOCl的物质的量之比为0.02∶1、50 mg·L^-1的催化剂条件下，所制备的BiOCl/PANI光催化150 min后，RhB降解率为98.8%，速率常数为0.031 min^-1；经过4次循环实验后，RhB降解率从98.8%降低至98.4%，表现出良好的稳定性和可重复利用性。光催化剂BiOCl/PANI实现了电子和空穴对的快速分离，降低了二者在催化剂内部的复合速率，提高了光催化性能。

平衡核间距在研究双原子分子性质中有着非常重要的地位，通过光谱实验和量子化学计算都可以得到其平衡核间距。H₂是最简单的双原子分子，本文将以它为例介绍求同核双原子分子平衡核间距的光谱实验方法，包括拉曼光谱、电场诱导偶极矩跃迁光谱和四极矩跃迁光谱，并介绍其薛定谔方程的求解历史，尤其是平衡核间距和键解离能。

仪器分析实验“分子荧光法测定罗丹明B的含量”存在实验过于简单、未考虑实际情况等问题。因此，本改进实验在三维荧光扫描模式下获取样本数据，不进行复杂预处理，而是运用化学计量学算法解析出目标分析物的纯信号，进而实现了染色辣椒中罗丹明6G和123的同时测定。本改进实验提高了学生全面考虑问题和创新解决问题的能力。

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和六亚甲基亚胺(HMI)组成双模板体系，以气相二氧化硅为硅源，在150 ℃下动态原位合成了薄层的MWW型MCM-22分子筛纳米片，并考察了CTAB添加量对分子筛产物的影响。采用粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、N₂吸附-脱附、氨气程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、高倍透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、吡啶红外(Py-IR)和2，6-二叔丁基吡啶红外(DTBPy-IR)测试方法对合成的分子筛样品进行表征。结果表明：采用双模板体系可以制备出5~10 nm的薄层MWW型纳米片。同时，通过偏三甲苯异构化反应对样品的催化性能进行了表征，催化结果显示样品d-MWW-4%CTAB具有较好的催化性能，其中偏三甲苯的质量转化率、均三甲苯质量收率及均三甲苯选择性分别为34.97%、22.42%和64.09%，这主要归因于薄层纳米片MCM-22具有的较大外表面积和片层间形成的晶间介孔结构。

A simple two-step hydrothermal method synthesized four different CdS/Fe₃O₄ photocatalysts with varying ratios of mass of CdS to Fe₃O₄. The composition and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solid UV reflectance spectra testing found that CdS/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites had good light absorption throughout the spectral range, promoting their photocatalytic properties. Under visible light irradiation, CdS/Fe₃O₄ (2:5) with a mass ratio of 2:5 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation rate of 98.8% for rhodamine B. Furthermore, after five cycles of photocatalytic degradation reaction, the rhodamine B degradation rate remained at 96.2%, indicating that the photocatalysts have good photocatalytic stability.

A flower-like BiOBr photocatalyst (CS/BiOBr) was prepared by using the carbon material derived from corn straw (CS) as the carrier. The prepared composites were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FIIR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X - ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). The SEM analyses indicate that the introduction of CS promotes the formation of a unique flower-like structure in BiOBr, which not only optimizes the efficiency of light capture but also increases the specific surface area of BiOBr. The bandgap of the composite was narrower compared with the pure BiOBr. The CS/BiOBr composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure CS and BiOBr under visible light irradiation, and a higher first-order reaction rate constant (k) of 0.043 7 min^-1 than BiOBr (0.014 6 min^-1), and exhibited excellent stability and reusability during the cyclic run. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. Superoxide radicals and holes were the major active species.