采用原位聚合法制备了氯氧化铋(BiOCl)与聚苯胺(PANI)复合的Ⅱ型异质结光催化剂BiOCl/PANI，并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附测试等多种技术手段对其进行了表征，考察了BiOCl/PANI在模拟可见光下对罗丹明B (RhB)的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：BiOCl/PANI催化剂比PANI和BiOCl具有更高的光催化活性，在RhB质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、PANI与BiOCl的物质的量之比为0.02∶1、50 mg·L^-1的催化剂条件下，所制备的BiOCl/PANI光催化150 min后，RhB降解率为98.8%，速率常数为0.031 min^-1；经过4次循环实验后，RhB降解率从98.8%降低至98.4%，表现出良好的稳定性和可重复利用性。光催化剂BiOCl/PANI实现了电子和空穴对的快速分离，降低了二者在催化剂内部的复合速率，提高了光催化性能。

固态锂电池(SSLBs)因采用金属锂负极和固体电解质，具有提高能量密度和安全性的潜质。固体电解质作为固态锂电池的关键材料，对电池性能有重要影响。其中，聚合物-石榴石型复合固态电解质因结合了聚合物电解质的易加工性以及石榴石电解质的热稳定性和高离子电导率的优点，在固态电池规模化制造中具有良好的应用前景。然而，由于纳米固体电解质粉体的表面能高、与有机物的界面兼容性差，导致纳米锂镧锆氧颗粒在聚合物基体中容易发生团聚，进而导致复合电解质的离子电导率降低。本工作引入硅烷偶联剂3-缩水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(GPTMS)对Li_6.4La₃Zr_1.4Ta_0.6O₁₂ (LLZTO)的表面进行改性，旨在改善LLZTO颗粒在溶剂和聚合物基体中的分散性。LLZTO纳米颗粒表面的羟基与GPTMS分子反应形成共价键，在颗粒表面形成一层厚度约5 nm的GPTMS修饰层。GPTMS中具有亲脂性的环氧基团，使改性后的LLZTO纳米颗粒(LLZTO@GPTMS)在有机溶剂中均匀分散。粒度分布实验表明，LLZTO纳米颗粒的分散性与溶剂的极性呈正相关。采用均匀分散的LLZTO悬浮液，制备的PEO: LLZTO复合电解质的室温离子电导率可以达到2.31 × 10⁻⁴ S∙cm⁻¹。使用优化后的PEO: LLZTO@GPTMS电解质组装的锂对称电池以及以LiFePO₄ (LFP)为正极、金属锂为负极的SSLBs均表现出更长的循环寿命。此外，GPTMS的修饰有助于LLZTO纳米颗粒在聚乙烯(Polyethylene，PE)隔膜上的均匀涂覆。采用LLZTO@GPTMS涂覆PE隔膜的LFP|Li电池比采用未修饰LLZTO涂覆PE隔膜的电池展现出更优异的循环稳定性。结果表明，GPTMS能够有效提高LLZTO纳米颗粒在有机溶剂和聚合物基质中的分散性，对其他有机-无机复合材料体系具有指导意义。

由于电催化剂中的非晶区和结晶区具有不同的物理化学性质，因此非晶化/结晶化工程成为提高电解水催化动力学的重要策略。然而，在微观环境中有效地调控催化剂的结晶度仍然是一个严峻的挑战。本文介绍了一种可调节结晶度的新型CrS/CoS₂异质结构，该异质结对氢气析出反应(HER)和氧气析出反应(OER)都具有高效的催化活性。Cr―S―Co键的重新分配引起的d带中心移动有助于调节中间体H*和OOH*在催化剂表面的吸附能力，从而优化HER和OER的决速步骤。在最佳条件下，非晶态CrS和高度结晶的CoS₂异质结(A-CrS/HC-CoS₂)在HER和OER均表现出优异的催化活性，分别为90.6 mV (10 mA∙cm⁻²，HER)和370.5 mV (50 mA∙cm⁻²，OER)。非晶/高晶结构有利于A-CrS/HC-CoS₂在水电解过程中的结构和成分演变，因此具有出色的稳定性。作为甲醇辅助节能制氢装置中的双功能催化剂，A-CrS/HC-CoS₂仅需1.51 Ⅴ的低槽电压即可达到10 mA∙cm⁻²的电流密度，证明其是理想的金属基催化剂的候选材料。本研究为双功能过渡金属化合物电催化剂在非晶态/晶态异质结构中通过结晶度调控来提高催化活性和稳定性提供了重要启示。

仪器分析实验“分子荧光法测定罗丹明B的含量”存在实验过于简单、未考虑实际情况等问题。因此，本改进实验在三维荧光扫描模式下获取样本数据，不进行复杂预处理，而是运用化学计量学算法解析出目标分析物的纯信号，进而实现了染色辣椒中罗丹明6G和123的同时测定。本改进实验提高了学生全面考虑问题和创新解决问题的能力。

A simple two-step hydrothermal method synthesized four different CdS/Fe₃O₄ photocatalysts with varying ratios of mass of CdS to Fe₃O₄. The composition and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solid UV reflectance spectra testing found that CdS/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites had good light absorption throughout the spectral range, promoting their photocatalytic properties. Under visible light irradiation, CdS/Fe₃O₄ (2:5) with a mass ratio of 2:5 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation rate of 98.8% for rhodamine B. Furthermore, after five cycles of photocatalytic degradation reaction, the rhodamine B degradation rate remained at 96.2%, indicating that the photocatalysts have good photocatalytic stability.

A flower-like BiOBr photocatalyst (CS/BiOBr) was prepared by using the carbon material derived from corn straw (CS) as the carrier. The prepared composites were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FIIR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X - ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). The SEM analyses indicate that the introduction of CS promotes the formation of a unique flower-like structure in BiOBr, which not only optimizes the efficiency of light capture but also increases the specific surface area of BiOBr. The bandgap of the composite was narrower compared with the pure BiOBr. The CS/BiOBr composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure CS and BiOBr under visible light irradiation, and a higher first-order reaction rate constant (k) of 0.043 7 min^-1 than BiOBr (0.014 6 min^-1), and exhibited excellent stability and reusability during the cyclic run. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. Superoxide radicals and holes were the major active species.