化疗是肿瘤治疗的主要方法之一，然而化疗药物低选择性引发的毒副作用是临床面临的重大挑战。光活化治疗借助光的时空调控实现药物活性在肿瘤部位的精准调控，显著降低毒副作用。乏氧微环境是实体肿瘤的特征之一。在多种光活化治疗方案中，非氧气依赖的光活化化疗更适配乏氧肿瘤治疗。钌(II)配合物具有丰富的光物理和光化学性质，是构建光活化化疗前药的潜在候选者。钌(II)基光活化化疗前药光激发生成钌(II)水合物与游离配体，随后前者与生物大分子结合抑制其生物功能，后者通常也具有DNA损伤或蛋白抑制能力，进一步增强体系的抗肿瘤活性。钌(II)基光活化化疗前药的理性设计策略尚不明确。本文立足光活化机制，从配体配位数角度出发简要介绍钌(II)基光活化化疗前药克服乏氧肿瘤的研究进展，初步探索其分子设计策略，总结该领域面临的挑战并展望其未来应用。希望本文可以为人们继续设计出新的高效低毒钌(II)基光活化化疗前药提供参考。

采用原位聚合法制备了氯氧化铋(BiOCl)与聚苯胺(PANI)复合的Ⅱ型异质结光催化剂BiOCl/PANI，并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附测试等多种技术手段对其进行了表征，考察了BiOCl/PANI在模拟可见光下对罗丹明B (RhB)的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：BiOCl/PANI催化剂比PANI和BiOCl具有更高的光催化活性，在RhB质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、PANI与BiOCl的物质的量之比为0.02∶1、50 mg·L^-1的催化剂条件下，所制备的BiOCl/PANI光催化150 min后，RhB降解率为98.8%，速率常数为0.031 min^-1；经过4次循环实验后，RhB降解率从98.8%降低至98.4%，表现出良好的稳定性和可重复利用性。光催化剂BiOCl/PANI实现了电子和空穴对的快速分离，降低了二者在催化剂内部的复合速率，提高了光催化性能。

仪器分析实验“分子荧光法测定罗丹明B的含量”存在实验过于简单、未考虑实际情况等问题。因此，本改进实验在三维荧光扫描模式下获取样本数据，不进行复杂预处理，而是运用化学计量学算法解析出目标分析物的纯信号，进而实现了染色辣椒中罗丹明6G和123的同时测定。本改进实验提高了学生全面考虑问题和创新解决问题的能力。

酚是年产超千万吨的廉价化工原料，广泛应用于有机合成中的各类重要转化。大学基础化学中关于酚类化合物反应类型的介绍主要是富电子芳环和酚羟基氧上的取代反应，两类产物中均保留了酚的惰性C―O键。为进一步拓展酚类化合物的应用价值，人们通过在酚氧原子上引入不同活化基，借助金属催化打断C―O键，实现了各类高效的脱氧偶联反应。然而，该策略的反应条件通常较为苛刻，并且可能导致产物中有金属残留，限制了其在制药等领域的广泛应用。为挑战上述难题，化学家们发现利用光、电等手段，在温和条件下可将酚的一些简单衍生物通过C―O键的选择性断裂产生芳基自由基。借助芳基自由基的高反应活性和选择性，实现一些新颖和高效的化学转化，为酚的合成应用提供新的策略和方法。本文介绍了利用酚的三氟甲基磺酸酯、磷酸酯和碳酸酯等作为芳基自由基前体的挑战和难点，以及如何实现一些精细化学品精准构建的最新研究进展，期望可以为学有余力的同学们拓宽知识面。

A simple two-step hydrothermal method synthesized four different CdS/Fe₃O₄ photocatalysts with varying ratios of mass of CdS to Fe₃O₄. The composition and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solid UV reflectance spectra testing found that CdS/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites had good light absorption throughout the spectral range, promoting their photocatalytic properties. Under visible light irradiation, CdS/Fe₃O₄ (2:5) with a mass ratio of 2:5 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation rate of 98.8% for rhodamine B. Furthermore, after five cycles of photocatalytic degradation reaction, the rhodamine B degradation rate remained at 96.2%, indicating that the photocatalysts have good photocatalytic stability.

A flower-like BiOBr photocatalyst (CS/BiOBr) was prepared by using the carbon material derived from corn straw (CS) as the carrier. The prepared composites were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FIIR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X - ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). The SEM analyses indicate that the introduction of CS promotes the formation of a unique flower-like structure in BiOBr, which not only optimizes the efficiency of light capture but also increases the specific surface area of BiOBr. The bandgap of the composite was narrower compared with the pure BiOBr. The CS/BiOBr composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure CS and BiOBr under visible light irradiation, and a higher first-order reaction rate constant (k) of 0.043 7 min^-1 than BiOBr (0.014 6 min^-1), and exhibited excellent stability and reusability during the cyclic run. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. Superoxide radicals and holes were the major active species.