In this study, ZnSnO₃/NiO heterostructures were synthesized using a co-precipitation method followed by an annealing process. The gas-sensitive characteristics of the sensors based on these samples were evaluated. The results indicate that the sensor performance was optimized when the molar ratio of Ni to Zn was 1∶2. Specifically, the response values of the ZnSnO₃/NiO-2-based sensor to 100 μL·L^-1 triethylamine (TEA) gas at 220 ℃ reached 70.6, which were 6.1 times higher than that of the pure ZnSnO₃ based sensor. The findings demonstrate that ZnSnO₃/NiO heterostructures exhibited not only short response and recovery times (1 s/18 s) but also good gas selectivity, repeatability, and long-term stability. The enhanced sensing mechanism has been investigated in detail.

聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAm)交联温敏纳米纤维膜作为一种相变温度易于控制的新兴响应性材料，克服了传统PNIPAm块状水凝胶的生产成本高、响应速率慢和PNIPAm非交联温敏纳米纤维耐水性差的缺点，受到广泛研究并应用于智能开关、温度致动器、水油分离、药物、细胞控制释放和伤口敷料等领域。形貌稳定性和快速响应性是温敏纳米纤维膜在重复体积变化过程中最大的挑战，同时也作为评价PNIPAm温敏纳米纤维膜的实用性最重要指标引起了人们广泛的关注。本文全面综述了PNIPAm温敏纳米纤维膜近二十年来国内外的突破性进展和非交联作用下PNIPAm温敏纳米纤维膜的形貌变化和响应性，重点综合分析了物理和化学交联中交联反应类型、交联度、交联时间和交联分子量对PNIPAm温敏纳米纤维膜的形貌稳定性和响应行为的影响，为之后纤维膜的交联处理提供了理论支持，并对PNIPAm温敏纳米纤维膜的发展及应用前景进行了展望。

从学生解题角度出发，对第37届中国化学奥林匹克(初赛)试题中的有机化学第9和10题进行了全面详尽的分析，这可以培养学生的逻辑思维能力，进而提高学生解决有机化学问题的效率。同时，通过深入学习反应机理，帮助学生体会题目背后的科学思维，感受有机化学的魅力与乐趣。

第38届中国化学奥林匹克(初赛)第1题命题别出心裁，以炼金术士制备“红龙血”的方法为情境考查Sb₂S₃、Au等物质的性质与转化。详细解析考题，并追溯题目的来源，拓展介绍相关物质，加深读者对竞赛试题的理解，为竞赛生备考提供参考。

Herein, an FMS/CC composite was successfully fabricated by depositing FeMoS₄ onto a pristine carbon fiber cloth (CC) substrate via a facile two-step hydrothermal method. The amorphous nature of the FMS/CC composite endows it with abundant catalytically active sites, thereby accelerating the reduction of I₃^-. More importantly, the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) prepared by scraping it on flexible titanium mesh with low resistance had low series resistance (R_s). Electrochemical characterizations revealed that the DSSCs employing the FMS/CC counter electrode achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ca. 9.51% (surpassing the ca. 8.15% efficiency of the Pt counter electrode), open-circuit voltage (V_oc) of ca. 0.79 V, short-circuit current density (J_sc) of ca. 18.31 mA·cm^-2, and fill factor (FF) of ca. 0.65. Moreover, after 100 times of cyclic voltammetry (CV) test, the CV curve remainedunchanged, indicating the excellent stability of FMS/CC in the electrolyte containing I^3-/I^-.

设计、合成了一种基于巴比妥酸衍生物的具有D-π-A结构的光学探针3。该探针能够作为一种高度灵敏和选择性的次氯酸指示剂，快速实现对次氯酸的比色和荧光信号(开-关)的双响应(约15 s)。推测的响应机制是ClO^-与C=C之间发生了亲电加成和氧化裂解反应，导致探针的D-π-A结构遭到破坏，从而阻断了其分子内电荷转移(intramolecular charge transfer，ICT)进程。探针只需一步即可合成，同时具有红光发射(628 nm)和较大的斯托克斯位移(158 nm)，检测限(limit of detection，LOD)低至14 nmol·L^-1。此外，探针还表现出低细胞毒性，并成功应用于活细胞成像。

皮克林乳液——一种由胶体尺寸固体颗粒稳定水油界面所形成的乳液——是科学研究和生活生产的热点话题。本文对“皮克林乳液”这一概念进行科普，介绍了传统乳液和皮克林乳液的基本概念、形成原理、制备方法、实验室表征结果及在光催化等领域的应用等，让大学生、青少年、幼小学生乃至社会大众通过皮克林乳液体会化学之美和化学之趣。

面向化学类(非高分子)专业的高分子化学实验教学发展较为缓慢，亟需紧跟研究前沿，引入新内容。本文总结了近十年的教学改革经验，并以温敏型高分子的制备、溶液性质、光学性能与应用为例，介绍如何通过实验教学内容、实验技术、教学方法等方面的创新，设计符合理科人才培养需求的、契合时代与科学发展的、被学生喜爱与重视的一系列高分子化学实验，以有效解决培养需求与课业负担之间的矛盾，且在不新增开课、课时有限的情况下，加入到化学类专业本科教学体系中，激发学生对学科领域的兴趣，提升学生的探究和创新能力。

Herein, copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) were synthesized in aqueous solution through a chemical reduction method using polyethyleneimine as reducing agent and protective ligand, with Cu(NO₃)₂ as copper source. Subsequently, composite fluorescent nanoparticles, chitosan-functionalized silica nanoparticles (CSNPs)-coated Cu NCs (Cu NCs/CSNPs), were synthesized via a reverse microemulsion method. Compared with Cu NCs, the composite Cu NCs/CSNPs exhibited an increased quantum yield and enhanced fluorescence sensing performance. Based on the composite Cu NCs/CSNPs, a fluorescence method for the detection of cefixime fluorescence quenching was established. The technique was simple, sensitive, and selective for detecting cefixime. The fluorescence quenching efficiency of Cu NCs/CSNPs was linearly related to the concentration of cefixime in the range of 3.98-38.5 μmol·L^-1 (1.81-17.46 mg·L^-1), with a limit of detection of 0.045 5 μmol·L^-1 (20.6 μg·L^-1).