采用原位聚合法制备了氯氧化铋(BiOCl)与聚苯胺(PANI)复合的Ⅱ型异质结光催化剂BiOCl/PANI，并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附测试等多种技术手段对其进行了表征，考察了BiOCl/PANI在模拟可见光下对罗丹明B (RhB)的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：BiOCl/PANI催化剂比PANI和BiOCl具有更高的光催化活性，在RhB质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、PANI与BiOCl的物质的量之比为0.02∶1、50 mg·L^-1的催化剂条件下，所制备的BiOCl/PANI光催化150 min后，RhB降解率为98.8%，速率常数为0.031 min^-1；经过4次循环实验后，RhB降解率从98.8%降低至98.4%，表现出良好的稳定性和可重复利用性。光催化剂BiOCl/PANI实现了电子和空穴对的快速分离，降低了二者在催化剂内部的复合速率，提高了光催化性能。

仪器分析实验“分子荧光法测定罗丹明B的含量”存在实验过于简单、未考虑实际情况等问题。因此，本改进实验在三维荧光扫描模式下获取样本数据，不进行复杂预处理，而是运用化学计量学算法解析出目标分析物的纯信号，进而实现了染色辣椒中罗丹明6G和123的同时测定。本改进实验提高了学生全面考虑问题和创新解决问题的能力。

A simple two-step hydrothermal method synthesized four different CdS/Fe₃O₄ photocatalysts with varying ratios of mass of CdS to Fe₃O₄. The composition and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solid UV reflectance spectra testing found that CdS/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites had good light absorption throughout the spectral range, promoting their photocatalytic properties. Under visible light irradiation, CdS/Fe₃O₄ (2:5) with a mass ratio of 2:5 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation rate of 98.8% for rhodamine B. Furthermore, after five cycles of photocatalytic degradation reaction, the rhodamine B degradation rate remained at 96.2%, indicating that the photocatalysts have good photocatalytic stability.

A flower-like BiOBr photocatalyst (CS/BiOBr) was prepared by using the carbon material derived from corn straw (CS) as the carrier. The prepared composites were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FIIR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X - ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). The SEM analyses indicate that the introduction of CS promotes the formation of a unique flower-like structure in BiOBr, which not only optimizes the efficiency of light capture but also increases the specific surface area of BiOBr. The bandgap of the composite was narrower compared with the pure BiOBr. The CS/BiOBr composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure CS and BiOBr under visible light irradiation, and a higher first-order reaction rate constant (k) of 0.043 7 min^-1 than BiOBr (0.014 6 min^-1), and exhibited excellent stability and reusability during the cyclic run. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. Superoxide radicals and holes were the major active species.

通过水浴-逆共沉淀法制备磁性催化剂MnFe₂O₄@AC (MFA)，并对其结构和磁性进行了系统表征。结果显示，MnFe₂O₄纳米颗粒包覆在活性炭(AC)表面，构成了多级孔结构。MFA较AC基体材料的比表面积有所下降，但仍高达176 m²·g^-1，平均孔径为8.49 nm。MFA的比磁化强度高达38.92 emu·g^-1，可利用外磁场实现高效固液分离。以MFA为催化剂，在紫外光辅助下活化过硫酸氢钾(PMS)降解盐酸四环素(TC)。研究表明，在紫外光辐照下MFA/PMS体系对TC降解率能够达到97.70%，是无紫外光照射体系的1.2倍；共存阴离子、药剂制度、TC初始质量浓度等因素对系统的催化性能具有显著影响。循环5次之后，降解率仍可达到82.76%。自由基猝灭实验表明，超氧自由基(·O₂^-)和单线态氧(¹O₂)是紫外光辅助MFA/PMS高级氧化体系中的主要活性氧。机理分析表明，MFA的高吸附性为催化降解提供了良好的基础，紫外光辐照和MFA/PMS高级氧化体系的协同效应可显著提升活性基团的生成效率，从而促进了有机分子的降解。