冷热现象是人类最早观察和认识的自然现象之一。在自然界的能量转化现象中，化学能与热能的转化是常见形式之一。现代社会中，有很多相关应用给大众生活带来了极大的便利。本科普实验秉承着“应用化学，安全至上，造福社会”的理念，旨在通过简单的实验，激发普通大众对化学的兴趣，帮助他们正确认识化学，了解化学反应可能存在的安全风险，并培养其正确的安全意识。实验围绕化学反应中两个特征鲜明的反应：吸热反应(氯化铵与氢氧化钡反应)和放热反应(发热包与水反应)，针对不同知识背景的受众，设计了不同的呈现形式(如趣味实验——气球捏捏冰、情景剧——碘-淀抱抱乐)，在幼儿园、中学和社区开展了多场主题科普教育活动。实验通过这些活动向大众展示了化学能与热能之间相互转化的奇妙现象，普及了相关安全常识，使不同的受众真切地感受到了化学的无穷魅力，同时也提高了他们的安全意识。

采用原位聚合法制备了氯氧化铋(BiOCl)与聚苯胺(PANI)复合的Ⅱ型异质结光催化剂BiOCl/PANI，并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附测试等多种技术手段对其进行了表征，考察了BiOCl/PANI在模拟可见光下对罗丹明B (RhB)的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：BiOCl/PANI催化剂比PANI和BiOCl具有更高的光催化活性，在RhB质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、PANI与BiOCl的物质的量之比为0.02∶1、50 mg·L^-1的催化剂条件下，所制备的BiOCl/PANI光催化150 min后，RhB降解率为98.8%，速率常数为0.031 min^-1；经过4次循环实验后，RhB降解率从98.8%降低至98.4%，表现出良好的稳定性和可重复利用性。光催化剂BiOCl/PANI实现了电子和空穴对的快速分离，降低了二者在催化剂内部的复合速率，提高了光催化性能。

厨余垃圾的不当处置会造成土地和水资源的污染，随着垃圾分类政策在全国的推行，有效处理厨余垃圾成为解决环境问题的热点议题。厨余垃圾黏度的大小可直接影响处理设备的选型和工艺参数确定。将厨余垃圾的黏度测定作为实际应用案例引入物理化学实验教学，结合实际改进实验，对不同组成厨余垃圾的黏度值进行测量，考察含固率、转子型号、搅拌速度选择等对黏度值的影响，为厨余垃圾处理设备选型及工艺参数选择提供理论依据。改进后的实验可以强化学生学以致用的意识，增强对工程问题的综合性和复杂性的认识，启迪学生对厨余垃圾资源化利用的探索思考，实现基于“双碳”和绿色环保的创新思维学科素养培养，增强社会责任感。

仪器分析实验“分子荧光法测定罗丹明B的含量”存在实验过于简单、未考虑实际情况等问题。因此，本改进实验在三维荧光扫描模式下获取样本数据，不进行复杂预处理，而是运用化学计量学算法解析出目标分析物的纯信号，进而实现了染色辣椒中罗丹明6G和123的同时测定。本改进实验提高了学生全面考虑问题和创新解决问题的能力。

微塑料污染已成为全球环境问题，将其转化为碳量子点为污染治理提供了创新思路。本实验采用水热法和灼烧法制备碳量子点，并对其光学性能进行系统分析。同时，研究了Fe³⁺对碳量子点荧光效果的影响。实验内容涵盖了制备、性能分析及Fe³⁺检测等，操作简便，融合了有机化学与环境化学，增强了实验的趣味性与教育价值。

A simple two-step hydrothermal method synthesized four different CdS/Fe₃O₄ photocatalysts with varying ratios of mass of CdS to Fe₃O₄. The composition and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solid UV reflectance spectra testing found that CdS/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites had good light absorption throughout the spectral range, promoting their photocatalytic properties. Under visible light irradiation, CdS/Fe₃O₄ (2:5) with a mass ratio of 2:5 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation rate of 98.8% for rhodamine B. Furthermore, after five cycles of photocatalytic degradation reaction, the rhodamine B degradation rate remained at 96.2%, indicating that the photocatalysts have good photocatalytic stability.

A flower-like BiOBr photocatalyst (CS/BiOBr) was prepared by using the carbon material derived from corn straw (CS) as the carrier. The prepared composites were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FIIR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X - ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). The SEM analyses indicate that the introduction of CS promotes the formation of a unique flower-like structure in BiOBr, which not only optimizes the efficiency of light capture but also increases the specific surface area of BiOBr. The bandgap of the composite was narrower compared with the pure BiOBr. The CS/BiOBr composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure CS and BiOBr under visible light irradiation, and a higher first-order reaction rate constant (k) of 0.043 7 min^-1 than BiOBr (0.014 6 min^-1), and exhibited excellent stability and reusability during the cyclic run. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. Superoxide radicals and holes were the major active species.