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2021 Volume 84 Issue 6
2021, 84(6): 515-523
Abstract:
Severe ice accretion on the surface of facilities will lead to major inconvenience for our daily life and even cause huge economic losses. Superhydrophobic coatings possess a large water contact angle and small sliding angle, thus exhibit a good application prospect in the anti-icing field. In this paper, the anti-icing/icephobic mechanism of superhydrophobic coatings investigated in literatures is summarized, and the research progress in two typical superhydrophobic anti-icing coatings, polymer-filler composites and materials with special surface structure, is briefly reviewed. Besides, the limits of the current researches and the future development directions of superhydrophobic anti-icing coatings are also pointed out in this paper.
Severe ice accretion on the surface of facilities will lead to major inconvenience for our daily life and even cause huge economic losses. Superhydrophobic coatings possess a large water contact angle and small sliding angle, thus exhibit a good application prospect in the anti-icing field. In this paper, the anti-icing/icephobic mechanism of superhydrophobic coatings investigated in literatures is summarized, and the research progress in two typical superhydrophobic anti-icing coatings, polymer-filler composites and materials with special surface structure, is briefly reviewed. Besides, the limits of the current researches and the future development directions of superhydrophobic anti-icing coatings are also pointed out in this paper.
2021, 84(6): 524-529
Abstract:
In recent years, oil spills and organic pollutants emissions have caused serious harm to the marine environment and human health. It is necessary to develop efficient and durable separation materials to deal with oily waste water. Cellulosic fabrics have attracted much attention in the preparation of oil-water separation materials because of their porosity, reproducibility and excellent flexibility. In this paper, the research status of the preparation of superhydrophobic cellulose based fabric by different methods is introduced and discussed in detail, and the application of the fabric in oil-water separation is described. At last, the problems and future research directions of the application of superhydrophobic cellulose based fabrics in oil-water separation are summarized and prospected.
In recent years, oil spills and organic pollutants emissions have caused serious harm to the marine environment and human health. It is necessary to develop efficient and durable separation materials to deal with oily waste water. Cellulosic fabrics have attracted much attention in the preparation of oil-water separation materials because of their porosity, reproducibility and excellent flexibility. In this paper, the research status of the preparation of superhydrophobic cellulose based fabric by different methods is introduced and discussed in detail, and the application of the fabric in oil-water separation is described. At last, the problems and future research directions of the application of superhydrophobic cellulose based fabrics in oil-water separation are summarized and prospected.
2021, 84(6): 530-534
Abstract:
Platinum group metals (PGMs) as non-renewable energy resources are of significant importance for industry and military industry. The recycling of secondary PGMs has become a hot-button issue since there is a serious misallocation for ownership and a gap between demand and supply for PGMs. To make full use of PGMs waste, the study on extracting platinum group metals ions from aqueous phase by the ionic liquids has drawn much attention. This paper reviewed the progress in ionic liquid extraction and separation of Pt, Pd and Rh and prospected the future development of this field.
Platinum group metals (PGMs) as non-renewable energy resources are of significant importance for industry and military industry. The recycling of secondary PGMs has become a hot-button issue since there is a serious misallocation for ownership and a gap between demand and supply for PGMs. To make full use of PGMs waste, the study on extracting platinum group metals ions from aqueous phase by the ionic liquids has drawn much attention. This paper reviewed the progress in ionic liquid extraction and separation of Pt, Pd and Rh and prospected the future development of this field.
2021, 84(6): 535-542
Abstract:
As new type of pollutants, microplastics have become hot topics for scholars at home and abroad due to their small particle size, being difficult to decompose, containing a variety of pollutants, and being easy to absorb hydrophobic organic pollutants and heavy metals. Microplastics widely exist in the soil environment. The microplastics entering the soil might affect the physical and chemical properties of soil, as well as the growth of soil animals, plants and microorganisms. Moreover, microplastics will migrate in the soil or pass along the food chain, posing potential risks to human health. Efficient, uniform and accurate analysis methods of microplastics are the basis for studying the distribution, migration, fate and ecological risk of microplastics in soil. In this paper, the research progress in the collection, separation, extraction, identification, quantification of microplastics in soil, and the quality control of analytical methods in recent years are reviewed. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of the methods and the application scope are compared. Finally, on the basis of the latest research progress in microplastic pollution at home and abroad, the development trend of analysis technology of soil microplastics in the future is prospected.
As new type of pollutants, microplastics have become hot topics for scholars at home and abroad due to their small particle size, being difficult to decompose, containing a variety of pollutants, and being easy to absorb hydrophobic organic pollutants and heavy metals. Microplastics widely exist in the soil environment. The microplastics entering the soil might affect the physical and chemical properties of soil, as well as the growth of soil animals, plants and microorganisms. Moreover, microplastics will migrate in the soil or pass along the food chain, posing potential risks to human health. Efficient, uniform and accurate analysis methods of microplastics are the basis for studying the distribution, migration, fate and ecological risk of microplastics in soil. In this paper, the research progress in the collection, separation, extraction, identification, quantification of microplastics in soil, and the quality control of analytical methods in recent years are reviewed. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of the methods and the application scope are compared. Finally, on the basis of the latest research progress in microplastic pollution at home and abroad, the development trend of analysis technology of soil microplastics in the future is prospected.
2021, 84(6): 543-552
Abstract:
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is widely found in yellow phosphorus tail gas, calcium carbide furnace tail gas and other mining and metallurgy waste gas, but it is difficult to remove directly due to its stable structure, weak polarity and acidity. In this paper, the commonly used adsorbents and modification methods of adsorbent for COS removal by adsorption method were reviewed, the active components involved in loading modification were introduced in detail, the main factors affecting effect of adsorbents and the adsorption mechanism were analyzed, and regeneration methods for different adsorbents and effects after regeneration were compared. Finally, the shortcomings of the adsorption method to remove COS are analyzed, and the future development direction of adsorbents suitable for COS removal is proposed.
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is widely found in yellow phosphorus tail gas, calcium carbide furnace tail gas and other mining and metallurgy waste gas, but it is difficult to remove directly due to its stable structure, weak polarity and acidity. In this paper, the commonly used adsorbents and modification methods of adsorbent for COS removal by adsorption method were reviewed, the active components involved in loading modification were introduced in detail, the main factors affecting effect of adsorbents and the adsorption mechanism were analyzed, and regeneration methods for different adsorbents and effects after regeneration were compared. Finally, the shortcomings of the adsorption method to remove COS are analyzed, and the future development direction of adsorbents suitable for COS removal is proposed.
2021, 84(6): 553-562
Abstract:
The increasing production of waste activated sludge (WAS) has become a common problem in wastewater treatment plants. Ferrate, which can oxidize, disinfect, flocculate or adsorb particles, has great potential for future application in sludge treatment. However, ferrate is volatile at room temperature which readily decomposes to ferric iron. Therefore, there is a great demand for on-line production technology of ferrate. In this paper, based on the properties of ferrates, the electrochemical synthesis of ferrates and its influencing factors are reviewed, and the application progress in the on-line production of ferrates is introduced. Then, treatment mechanisms and effects of ferrate on sludge dewatering, minimization and anaerobic fermentation in WAS treatment are illustrated. Finally, the paper is summed up and an understanding for the related future development is put forward in order to improve treatment efficiency and save costs.
The increasing production of waste activated sludge (WAS) has become a common problem in wastewater treatment plants. Ferrate, which can oxidize, disinfect, flocculate or adsorb particles, has great potential for future application in sludge treatment. However, ferrate is volatile at room temperature which readily decomposes to ferric iron. Therefore, there is a great demand for on-line production technology of ferrate. In this paper, based on the properties of ferrates, the electrochemical synthesis of ferrates and its influencing factors are reviewed, and the application progress in the on-line production of ferrates is introduced. Then, treatment mechanisms and effects of ferrate on sludge dewatering, minimization and anaerobic fermentation in WAS treatment are illustrated. Finally, the paper is summed up and an understanding for the related future development is put forward in order to improve treatment efficiency and save costs.
2021, 84(6): 563-570
Abstract:
Bio-sensing detection of bacterial endotoxins (LPS) in serums is of great application value, but its development process is limited by the complexity of the substances contained in the serum. In this paper, a colorimetric sensor based on the magnetic bead-gold nanoparticles-aptamer (MB-AuNPs-APT) bioprobe was developed. LPS is captured by bioprobes to affect its peroxidase activity, this in turn affects the production which H2O2 catalytic TMB producing oxTMB, and finally achieve the purpose of colorimetric analysis of LPS. Meanwhile, the feasibility of LPS detection in serum is also analyzed. The results show that the detection limit using the colorimetric sensing method based on MB-AuNPs-APT bioprobes is 0.402 ng/mL and the linear range is 0.1~100 ng/mL. In the detection of LPS in 50% serum, the recovery rate of this biosensor to detect LPS ranged from 99.59 to 112.00%, demonstrated the reliability of the biological probe detecting LPS in serum.
Bio-sensing detection of bacterial endotoxins (LPS) in serums is of great application value, but its development process is limited by the complexity of the substances contained in the serum. In this paper, a colorimetric sensor based on the magnetic bead-gold nanoparticles-aptamer (MB-AuNPs-APT) bioprobe was developed. LPS is captured by bioprobes to affect its peroxidase activity, this in turn affects the production which H2O2 catalytic TMB producing oxTMB, and finally achieve the purpose of colorimetric analysis of LPS. Meanwhile, the feasibility of LPS detection in serum is also analyzed. The results show that the detection limit using the colorimetric sensing method based on MB-AuNPs-APT bioprobes is 0.402 ng/mL and the linear range is 0.1~100 ng/mL. In the detection of LPS in 50% serum, the recovery rate of this biosensor to detect LPS ranged from 99.59 to 112.00%, demonstrated the reliability of the biological probe detecting LPS in serum.
2021, 84(6): 571-577
Abstract:
A molecular imprinted polymer (MIP)-modified MIL-101 metal-organic frame composites (MIPs@ED-MIL-101) was fabricated for selective analysis of pinoresinol diglucosides (PDG). This PDG-imprinted MIPs@ED-MIL-101 composite was characterized in crystal structure, surface chemical group and particle morphology by XRD, FT-IR and SEM. The adsorption kinetics, selectivity and solid phase extraction performance of MIPs@ED-MIL-101 composite for template molecules were tested. Results showed that the MIPs@ED-MIL-101 composite has greatly improved adsorption performance for PDG, and can be used to selectively adsorb PDG from the simulated mixture. When this MIPs@ED-MIL-101 composite was used as adsorbent for the extraction and separation of PDG from crude extract of Eucommia ulmoides, the purity of obtained product was 85.3%. Also, this novel material can also be reused for many times with a slight loss in adsorption capacity.
A molecular imprinted polymer (MIP)-modified MIL-101 metal-organic frame composites (MIPs@ED-MIL-101) was fabricated for selective analysis of pinoresinol diglucosides (PDG). This PDG-imprinted MIPs@ED-MIL-101 composite was characterized in crystal structure, surface chemical group and particle morphology by XRD, FT-IR and SEM. The adsorption kinetics, selectivity and solid phase extraction performance of MIPs@ED-MIL-101 composite for template molecules were tested. Results showed that the MIPs@ED-MIL-101 composite has greatly improved adsorption performance for PDG, and can be used to selectively adsorb PDG from the simulated mixture. When this MIPs@ED-MIL-101 composite was used as adsorbent for the extraction and separation of PDG from crude extract of Eucommia ulmoides, the purity of obtained product was 85.3%. Also, this novel material can also be reused for many times with a slight loss in adsorption capacity.
2021, 84(6): 578-584, 590
Abstract:
In the present research, (E)-3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadien-1-yl-octadec-9-enoate (GER-dC18) and (Z)-3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadien-1-yl-octadec-9-enoate (NER-dC18) were synthesized by geraniol (GER)/nerol (NER) and oleic acid using acyl chloride esterification method. The percutaneous absorption of Donepezil (DNP) was evaluated using GER, NER, GER-dC18, NER-dC18 as the enhancer, respectively. In addition, the promoting mechanism was explored by in vitro release experiment, ATR-FTIR and molecular simulation technology. It was found that the selected penetration enhancers not only could promote the release of DNP from pressure-sensitive adhesive, but also could act on the lipid and keratin of the stratum corneum and promote hydration of skin to reduce the barrier function of stratum corneum, thus increasing the transdermal penetration of DNP. GER-dC18 had the optimal penetration promotion effect on DNP, which was expected to provide the important excipient for the development of transdermal drug delivery system.
In the present research, (E)-3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadien-1-yl-octadec-9-enoate (GER-dC18) and (Z)-3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadien-1-yl-octadec-9-enoate (NER-dC18) were synthesized by geraniol (GER)/nerol (NER) and oleic acid using acyl chloride esterification method. The percutaneous absorption of Donepezil (DNP) was evaluated using GER, NER, GER-dC18, NER-dC18 as the enhancer, respectively. In addition, the promoting mechanism was explored by in vitro release experiment, ATR-FTIR and molecular simulation technology. It was found that the selected penetration enhancers not only could promote the release of DNP from pressure-sensitive adhesive, but also could act on the lipid and keratin of the stratum corneum and promote hydration of skin to reduce the barrier function of stratum corneum, thus increasing the transdermal penetration of DNP. GER-dC18 had the optimal penetration promotion effect on DNP, which was expected to provide the important excipient for the development of transdermal drug delivery system.
2021, 84(6): 585-590
Abstract:
A water-soluble colorimetric sensor (S) was well designed and synthesized, and its structure was characterized by 1H NMR, ESI-MS. In pure water and tap water, S displayed exclusively selectivity for CN- with the detection limits of 0.16μmol/L and 0.63μmol/L, respectively. The detection mechanism of proton transfer was fully reversible, which endows the advantage of reusability of S. The reversible colorimetric detection of CN- could be achieved based on the test strip. This work may provide a feasible experiment reference for CN- detection in pure water.
A water-soluble colorimetric sensor (S) was well designed and synthesized, and its structure was characterized by 1H NMR, ESI-MS. In pure water and tap water, S displayed exclusively selectivity for CN- with the detection limits of 0.16μmol/L and 0.63μmol/L, respectively. The detection mechanism of proton transfer was fully reversible, which endows the advantage of reusability of S. The reversible colorimetric detection of CN- could be achieved based on the test strip. This work may provide a feasible experiment reference for CN- detection in pure water.
2021, 84(6): 591-595
Abstract:
By using ICP-OES and ICP-MS, the contents of 14 elements of the experimental samples, including K, Ca, Mg, Mn, B, Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn, Cr, Co, Cd, As and Pb, had been determined. These experimental samples had been obtained by collecting three kinds of traditional "ten famous tea landmark products". One-way ANOVA, the principal component analysis and the pollution evaluation were used to study the content of inorganic elements, as well as the source of pollution. The results showed that the contents of K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe in tea samples from different areas were significantly different. Cd, Cr, Pb, As did not exceed the national standards for the food safety limit. A partial positive correlation existed between Cu and Cd, Cu and Ni, As and Ni pairwise. The principal component analysis showed that Cu, Cd, As and Ni were the representative factors of PC1, whereas K and Fe were the representative factors of PC2 and PC3, respectively. PC1 mainly represented the contributions of metal smelting, industrial discharge and waste incineration, while PC2 and PC3 represented the contributions of fertilizer application and tea processing, respectively.
By using ICP-OES and ICP-MS, the contents of 14 elements of the experimental samples, including K, Ca, Mg, Mn, B, Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn, Cr, Co, Cd, As and Pb, had been determined. These experimental samples had been obtained by collecting three kinds of traditional "ten famous tea landmark products". One-way ANOVA, the principal component analysis and the pollution evaluation were used to study the content of inorganic elements, as well as the source of pollution. The results showed that the contents of K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe in tea samples from different areas were significantly different. Cd, Cr, Pb, As did not exceed the national standards for the food safety limit. A partial positive correlation existed between Cu and Cd, Cu and Ni, As and Ni pairwise. The principal component analysis showed that Cu, Cd, As and Ni were the representative factors of PC1, whereas K and Fe were the representative factors of PC2 and PC3, respectively. PC1 mainly represented the contributions of metal smelting, industrial discharge and waste incineration, while PC2 and PC3 represented the contributions of fertilizer application and tea processing, respectively.
2021, 84(6): 596-603
Abstract:
In this paper, an efficient method for the synthesis of dithiocarbamates under microwave irradiation condition with KF/nano-γ-Al2O3 catalyzed Michael addition of electron-deficient alkenes, amines and carbon disulfide in the PEG-400 solution was developed with yields of 76.5% to 91.6%. Meanwhile, the effects of the catalyst, solvent, microwave power, reaction time on the reaction were investigated, and the optimum conditions of the experiment were determined. This method has the advantages of short reaction time, high yield and environmental friendliness. In addition, KF/nano-γ-Al2O3 catalyzed one-pot synthesis of dithiocarbamates from benzaldehyde, ketones, amines and carbon disulfide in PEG-400 solution under microwave irradiation was investigated. The yields were 73.4%~82.8%.
In this paper, an efficient method for the synthesis of dithiocarbamates under microwave irradiation condition with KF/nano-γ-Al2O3 catalyzed Michael addition of electron-deficient alkenes, amines and carbon disulfide in the PEG-400 solution was developed with yields of 76.5% to 91.6%. Meanwhile, the effects of the catalyst, solvent, microwave power, reaction time on the reaction were investigated, and the optimum conditions of the experiment were determined. This method has the advantages of short reaction time, high yield and environmental friendliness. In addition, KF/nano-γ-Al2O3 catalyzed one-pot synthesis of dithiocarbamates from benzaldehyde, ketones, amines and carbon disulfide in PEG-400 solution under microwave irradiation was investigated. The yields were 73.4%~82.8%.
2021, 84(6): 604-609
Abstract:
Using 2-aminobenzoic acid as raw material, ten 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole (thiadiazole) compounds containing quinazolin-4(3H)-one were synthesized through five step reactions including cyclization, condensation, hydrazinolysis, cyclization, thioetherification and oxidation. The structures of titled compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The preliminary antifungal activity test indicated that the target compounds have moderate inhibitory activity against Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phomopsis sp. and B. cinerea at the concentration of 50μg/mL. The target compounds have good inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidia, and the EC50 values of compounds 6a and 6b against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidia are 11.7μg/mL and 20.5μg/mL, which are better than the control agent Bismerthiazol (24.5μg/mL). This kind of compounds have good biological activity for antibacterial. On this basis, the structure optimization is expected to find a compound with higher activity.
Using 2-aminobenzoic acid as raw material, ten 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole (thiadiazole) compounds containing quinazolin-4(3H)-one were synthesized through five step reactions including cyclization, condensation, hydrazinolysis, cyclization, thioetherification and oxidation. The structures of titled compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The preliminary antifungal activity test indicated that the target compounds have moderate inhibitory activity against Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phomopsis sp. and B. cinerea at the concentration of 50μg/mL. The target compounds have good inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidia, and the EC50 values of compounds 6a and 6b against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidia are 11.7μg/mL and 20.5μg/mL, which are better than the control agent Bismerthiazol (24.5μg/mL). This kind of compounds have good biological activity for antibacterial. On this basis, the structure optimization is expected to find a compound with higher activity.
2021, 84(6): 610-619
Abstract:
Hydantoin and its derivatives, which have strong complexing effects with various metal ions, are expected to replace cyanide as green electroplating complexing agents. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to study the reactivity of hydantoin and its derivatives. The solubility of these derivatives in water was studied by using the molecular polarity index and the percentage of polar surface area in the total area. The results of theoretical calculation were basically consistent with the experimental results reported previously and indicated that the studied molecules have good solubility in water and have significance for further study. Atomic charge, molecular electrostatic potential, composition of the main atoms for HOMO, average local ionization energy and condensed local softness were used to investigate the coordination ability of the atoms of the deprotonated molecules comprehensively. The results revealed that S atom in 2-thiohydantoin (TH) had the most negative atomic charge, showing strong electrostatic interactions with metal ions. In addition, the degree of difficulty for each derivative to reach the deprotonation state was predicted by dissociation constant. The topological analysis based on AIM showed that the molecular structure was stable, while the molecular dynamics simulation at 373K showed that the thermodynamic stability of 1, 3-dihydroxy methyl-5, 5-dimethyl hydantoin(DMDMH) was poor and other molecules' were good.
Hydantoin and its derivatives, which have strong complexing effects with various metal ions, are expected to replace cyanide as green electroplating complexing agents. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to study the reactivity of hydantoin and its derivatives. The solubility of these derivatives in water was studied by using the molecular polarity index and the percentage of polar surface area in the total area. The results of theoretical calculation were basically consistent with the experimental results reported previously and indicated that the studied molecules have good solubility in water and have significance for further study. Atomic charge, molecular electrostatic potential, composition of the main atoms for HOMO, average local ionization energy and condensed local softness were used to investigate the coordination ability of the atoms of the deprotonated molecules comprehensively. The results revealed that S atom in 2-thiohydantoin (TH) had the most negative atomic charge, showing strong electrostatic interactions with metal ions. In addition, the degree of difficulty for each derivative to reach the deprotonation state was predicted by dissociation constant. The topological analysis based on AIM showed that the molecular structure was stable, while the molecular dynamics simulation at 373K showed that the thermodynamic stability of 1, 3-dihydroxy methyl-5, 5-dimethyl hydantoin(DMDMH) was poor and other molecules' were good.
2021, 84(6): 620-626
Abstract:
Due to advantageous features such as sensitivity, specificity, ease of operation and rapidity, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as one of the most promising analytical tools in recent years. Magnetic nanomaterials combined the unique properties and magnetism of noble metals together, and showed better performance as SERS substrate for detection of trace objects, so they were widely studied. Based on 805 records extracted from the WOS core database (1990-2020) in the field of SERS magnetic nanosubstrate, using literature metrological visualization tools CiteSpace software, a series of analyses were carried out. Such as the co-occurrence and cited analysis of the core authors, institutions and countries, the co-citation analysis of article, keywords and the clustering analysis of research field. The purpose of this study is to find the hot research topic and trend in the research field of SERS magnetic nano substrate technology for the detection of trace objects, and provide reference for the analysis of environmental pollutants.
Due to advantageous features such as sensitivity, specificity, ease of operation and rapidity, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as one of the most promising analytical tools in recent years. Magnetic nanomaterials combined the unique properties and magnetism of noble metals together, and showed better performance as SERS substrate for detection of trace objects, so they were widely studied. Based on 805 records extracted from the WOS core database (1990-2020) in the field of SERS magnetic nanosubstrate, using literature metrological visualization tools CiteSpace software, a series of analyses were carried out. Such as the co-occurrence and cited analysis of the core authors, institutions and countries, the co-citation analysis of article, keywords and the clustering analysis of research field. The purpose of this study is to find the hot research topic and trend in the research field of SERS magnetic nano substrate technology for the detection of trace objects, and provide reference for the analysis of environmental pollutants.
2021, 84(6): 627-631, 626
Abstract:
Photocatalysis induced by visible light is green, efficient and sustainable, which is very innovative in the synthesis of organic pharmaceutical intermediates and drug molecules. Application of the cutting-edge and innovative scientific research results into the undergraduate experimental teaching projects has become one of the focuses and trends of the reform of experimental teaching in universities. In this program, perylene diimide was used as a photocatalyst to obtain sulfoxide by selective sulfide under mild illumination conditions. Through this experiment, we provide an ideal platform for students to practice green, low energy consumption of organic chemistry, expand the students for today's synthetic technological frontier field of vision, mobilize the interest for the synthesis of new technology, new application, stimulated the enthusiasm of the challenge to the traditional synthetic method, cultivating the concept of scientific research innovation and independent thinking with problem-solving skills.
Photocatalysis induced by visible light is green, efficient and sustainable, which is very innovative in the synthesis of organic pharmaceutical intermediates and drug molecules. Application of the cutting-edge and innovative scientific research results into the undergraduate experimental teaching projects has become one of the focuses and trends of the reform of experimental teaching in universities. In this program, perylene diimide was used as a photocatalyst to obtain sulfoxide by selective sulfide under mild illumination conditions. Through this experiment, we provide an ideal platform for students to practice green, low energy consumption of organic chemistry, expand the students for today's synthetic technological frontier field of vision, mobilize the interest for the synthesis of new technology, new application, stimulated the enthusiasm of the challenge to the traditional synthetic method, cultivating the concept of scientific research innovation and independent thinking with problem-solving skills.
2021, 84(6): 632-639
Abstract:
The Nomenclature of Chemistry approved in 1932 by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China established unified standard for Chinese chemical terms. For the choice of characters in naming chemical elements and compounds, the Nomenclature proposed the general principle that "phonograms are preferred, associative characters second, and pictographic characters are not valued". The chemical terms醇(alcohol), 醛(aldehyde), 酮(ketone), 醚(ether) and酯(ester) are ideographic, which seems to run counter to the principle. This paper discusses various historical translated terms for alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, ether and ester, and explains why they were accepted by the Nomenclature.
The Nomenclature of Chemistry approved in 1932 by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China established unified standard for Chinese chemical terms. For the choice of characters in naming chemical elements and compounds, the Nomenclature proposed the general principle that "phonograms are preferred, associative characters second, and pictographic characters are not valued". The chemical terms醇(alcohol), 醛(aldehyde), 酮(ketone), 醚(ether) and酯(ester) are ideographic, which seems to run counter to the principle. This paper discusses various historical translated terms for alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, ether and ester, and explains why they were accepted by the Nomenclature.
