漆在中国数千年的使用沉淀出独特的漆艺文化。这里的“漆”是指大漆，从漆树中采集，主要成分漆酚通过化学反应形成漆膜，漆膜具有防潮、耐高温、耐酸碱等优良性质。大漆与色粉混合可以调制出光彩照人的色漆，被广泛地应用于髹饰、设备防腐和文物修复等。将科学与文化相结合，普漆中化学，传漆艺非遗，本文从化学的视角出发，介绍大漆中的化学成分和性质，从漆酚到漆膜发生的化学反应，设计一系列科普实验验证什么是大漆及其优良性质，让科普对象深切体会化学无处不在、化学的重要应用；介绍漆的发展历程，增加中小学生动手参与漆器制作和漆画绘制等梯度科普环节，锻炼青少年的动手能力，传递漆文化与漆艺人的工匠精神。通过糅合漆艺和化学，使科普对象领略到漆艺之美，认识到化学在漆中的重要作用，激发对化学的兴趣，从而达到弘扬漆艺非遗文化和传播化学科学知识的目的。

Developing high-performance electrocatalysts for the alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) is essential for advancing alkaline hydrogen fuel cells. Here, we report the synthesis of ruthenium (Ru) catalysts with tuned crystallinity and oxidation degree. By combining template-assisted synthesis with controlled thermal treatment, amorphous, partially crystalline, highly crystalline, and partially oxidized Ru products were successfully obtained. Catalysts with moderate crystallinity and partial oxidation exhibit enhanced catalytic activity toward the alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction. The optimized Ru-RuO₂ catalyst achieved a mass activity of 81.66 mA·mg_Ru^-1, which was 2.27 times that of commercial Pt/C under identical conditions. The improved activity is attributed to the synergistic effect of moderate crystallinity and partial oxidation, which favors a favorable Tafel-Volmer reaction pathway.