目前对高性能与高稳定性的电催化剂进行精准合成仍然是亟待解决的问题。熵作为最重要的热力学参数之一，是描述体系无序程度的物理量，其数值主要由材料的结构、磁矩、原子和电子振动共同决定。根据体系的构型熵值，通常将材料分为低熵材料(ΔS_mix < 1R)、中熵材料(1R ≤ ΔS_mix ≥ 1.5R)和高熵材料(ΔS_mix > 1.5R)。随着熵值的增加，材料本征的物理与化学性质也会发生相应的变化。高熵材料得益于不同金属元素的共存、界面处原子级的多组分排列，所产生的高熵、晶格畸变、迟滞扩散和“鸡尾酒”效应能够有效地提升电催化反应的活性，因此在电催化领域中得到了广泛的研究关注。本综述对高熵电催化剂的基本概念、合成路线(“自上而下”与“自下而上”)以及在不同电催化反应类型中，高熵材料结构与性能之间的构效关系进行了系统总结，主要包括析氢(HER)、析氧(OER)、氧还原(ORR)、醇氧化(AOR)、氮还原(NRR)和二氧化碳还原反应(CO₂RR)等，从而阐明熵增工程对高性能电催化剂设计与应用的优势与潜力。同时，本文针对目前高熵催化剂研究所面临的主要问题与挑战，对未来基于熵增工程的高熵电催化剂的设计思路与合成方法进行展望。

An upconversion nanoparticle (NaErF₄: Yb/Tm@NaLuF₄: Yb@NaLuF₄: Nd/Yb@NaLuF₄, noted as UC) was designed, emitting strong red light by 808 nm laser. The mesoporous silica (mSiO₂) shell co-doped with chlorin e6 (Ce6) and triethoxy(1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-nonafluorohexyl)silane (TFS) was coated on the outer layer of UC, and then a layer of HKUST-1 shell was coated. The obtained nanocomposite UC@Ce6/TFS@mSiO₂@HKUST-1 (noted as UCTSH) was used for the synergistic treatment of chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Interestingly, the nanostructures can specifically re lease Cu²⁺ in the acidic tumor microenvironment. Cu²⁺ reacts with excess hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in the tumor microenvironment to form cytotoxic hydroxyl radical. Secondly, Ce6, with the action of oxygen-carrying TFS, selectively produces a large amount of singlet oxygen by 808 nm laser irradiation. UCTSH can enhance the anti-tumor effects of PDT and CDT by increasing the production level of reactive oxygen species, without causing damage to normal cells.

构建全英文课程体系对于培育具备全球视野的人才具有重大意义，它是推进教育国际化的关键环节。在全球化进程和教育政策的引领下，本项研究着眼于地方本科院校在全英文无机化学课程教学中面临的挑战，进行了深入的实践探索。研究详尽介绍了具体的实施策略及其成效，涵盖了课程概述、教学目标、教学内容、教学资源、教学方法、教师团队、课程思政以及教学效果等8个关键领域，归纳并提炼了无机化学全英文课程建设的特色与创新点，旨在为国内相似课程的建设提供参考和启示。

Perfluoroalkyl acids of different chain lengths, including trifluoroacetic acid, heptafluorobutyric acid, and nonafluoropentanoic acid, were used as second ligands to replace the formic acid on the Zr₆ clusters in MOF-808. This led to the formation of a series of MOF-808-R materials (R=F₃, F₇, F₉, corresponding to trifluoroacetic acid, heptafluorobutyric acid, and nonafluoropentanoic acid) with multiple ligands, and we investigated the impact of the second ligand modification on pore size and pore environment. The loading amount of the second ligand was determined using NMR and other methods. We conducted adsorption tests for acetylene and carbon dioxide at different temperatures on both MOF-808 and MOF-808-R to explore the effects of the ligand diversification on acetylene separation performance. It was found that MOF-808-F₇ exhibited the best performance in acetylene-carbon dioxide separation.

采用固相合成法对SrTiO₃进行B掺杂得到B-SrTiO₃，而后负载Rh、Cr、Co助催化剂(RCC)得到B-SrTiO₃-RCC光催化剂。所制备的催化剂在375 nm波长照射下实现了水的全分解，表观量子效率(AQE)达到82.06%，产氢速率达到4.92 mmol·g^-1·h^-1，且在约600 h长时间循环测试中表现出优异的稳定性。B掺杂填补了部分Ti³⁺缺陷，诱导产生了更多的表面羟基，促进了光生载流子的有效分离和转移，进而有效提高了SrTiO₃的全分解水产氢活性。

在通信和雷达隐身应用中，微波吸收材料亟需在有限厚度下实现高效衰减与稳定运行。然而，连续导电网络或高含量损耗相虽然能够增强电磁衰减，却容易因表面介电响应过高而导致阻抗失配；而单纯采用低极性聚合物进行包覆，又可能削弱内部活性界面，从而难以兼顾电磁波入射与能量转化。针对这一问题，本研究提出一种“氟碳门控–埋藏界面耗散”策略，构筑了由聚四氟乙烯(polytetrafluoroethylene，PTFE)/聚乙烯醇(poly(vinyl alcohol)，PVA)基体、短切碳纤维(carbon fibers，CFs)和氧化钴微区(CoO_x)组成的多孔复合泡沫，以下简称PPCFCs。通过在酸化短切碳纤维表面固定Co²⁺前驱体、PTFE/PVA发泡以及N₂/空气分步热重构，所得复合材料形成了富氟表面组成，以及内部嵌有局部分散CoO_x/CFs相关纳米晶微区的低有序碳质基体。氟碳表面有助于缓解空气/材料界面处的阻抗突变并降低液相润湿，而多孔骨架则能够延长电磁波的传播路径。在材料内部，非贯通的CFs微电流单元与CoO_x纳米微区协同诱导受限电荷迁移、多级极化弛豫及辅助磁响应。最优样品PPCFC-3在厚度为2.8 mm时获得−52.61 dB的最小反射损耗，并在厚度为3.4 mm时实现X波段的有效覆盖。同时，该材料表现出较高的表观疏水性，并能够有效阻滞腐蚀介质的渗入。本研究通过表面阻抗调控和内部界面耗散的协同效应，为优化多孔微波吸收材料提供了一种空间分区设计方法。

概念图作为组织和表征知识的工具，因能促进有意义的学习，减少无关认知负荷，成为科学课程教学的有效策略，尤其对语言能力不够的学生特别有益。为帮助学生在全英语课程学习中获得成功，本研究将概念图策略运用在基础化学全英语课程教学中，围绕概念图作业的实施，对学生的学业成绩、概念图的评估和学生对实施概念图作业的看法进行统计分析，考察在基础化学全英语课程中使用概念图作业的有效性。

Cs_xWO₃/TiO₂ composites with full‐spectrum catalytic activity were prepared by solvothermal reaction. The composites were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), specific surface area testing, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV‐Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV‐Vis DRS). Cs_xWO₃ and TiO₂ were uniformly bonded together in the composites. The heterojunction structure was formed. The band gap was reduced from 2.75 to 2.65 eV. The photocatalytic property of Cs_xWO₃/TiO₂ was demonstrated by the degradation rates of 20 mg·L^-1 methylene blue dye, which were 99.7%, 91.4%, and 70.7% under irradiation from a 300 W high‐pressure mercury lamp, a 500 W xenon lamp, and a 400 W infrared lamp, respectively. After five cycles of photocatalytic degradation, the composite photocatalyst still showed a degradation efficiency of 87.6%. This indicates that Cs_xWO₃/TiO₂ has good photocatalytic degradability and cyclic stability. The photocatalytic mechanism of Cs_xWO₃/TiO₂ was investigated. The trapping experiments of the active species showed that the main active substances were the empty hole (h⁺) and hydroxyl radical (·OH).

采用原位溶剂热反应制备多级Ag/Bi/Nv-g-C₃N₄(氮空位-g-C₃N₄)/Ti₃C₂T_x肖特基结，并对其物相组成和晶体结构、微观形貌和孔结构、表面元素组成和化学态、光学和光电化学性质进行了表征。由于Ag、Bi和Ti₃C₂T_x协同的表面等离激元共振效应，Ag/Bi/Nv-g-C₃N₄/Ti₃C₂T_x表现出全光谱吸收特性。由载流子浓度差驱动的界面极化电荷转移诱导形成的肖特基结，显著提高了光生载流子(包括热电子和热空穴)的分离效率和利用率。因此，与Nv-g-C₃N₄、Ti₃C₂T_x、Ag/Nv-g-C₃N₄、Bi/Nv-g-C₃N₄和Ag/Bi/Nv-g-C₃N₄相比，Ag/Bi/Nv-g-C₃N₄/Ti₃C₂T_x表现出显著增强的全光谱催化活性，其在可见光和近红外光照射下光催化降解四环素的反应速率常数分别为0.033和0.008 6 min^-1，为对比样品的10~2.1倍和8.6~1.8倍。

通过调节前驱体溶液的pH值，采用简便的微波水热法制备了不同形貌的BiVO₄:Yb³⁺,Er³⁺-X（标记为BYE-X，X为pH值），以四环素作为污染物模型测试了BYE-X的全光谱光催化活性。实验结果表明，当pH值为3−8时，BYE为纯的单斜相BiVO₄；当pH值为10−12时，所制备的样品为Bi₂O(OH)(VO₄)、Bi₂O₃和BiVO₄的混合相。并且，随着pH值升高，BYE的形貌特征发生显著变化。不同pH值下合成的样品均具有明显的上转换发光，通过Er³⁺和Yb³⁺的上转换效应实现了对近红外光的利用，有效拓展了光响应范围；在可见光或近红外光照射下，BYE-5具有最佳的光降解活性。最后基于实验结果提出了全光谱光催化机制。该工作为提高半导体催化剂的太阳光利用率，实现高效全光谱催化活性提供了一种可行的思路。