析氢、析氧的动力学过程迟缓，带来电解水制氢能效低、成本高的问题，给绿氢的大规模应用设置了严重障碍。开发具有低成本、高催化性能的催化材料，是突破这一瓶颈问题的关键环节。近年来，高熵材料因其优异的物理和化学性能在各领域受到广泛关注。高的混合熵可以赋予材料大的晶格畸变、显著的迟滞扩散效应和“鸡尾酒”效应，为催化剂的成分设计和性能提升提供了良好平台。高熵材料也因此开始在电解水制氢领域崭露头角，并迅速成为解决绿氢制备低能效问题的一种理想催化剂，是该领域当前的一个研究热点。鉴于此，本文综述了高熵合金和高熵陶瓷在电解水催化方面的研究现状。文章首先基于电解水反应机制，总结了高熵合金、高熵陶瓷催化剂的成分设计和结构调控策略，梳理了用于析氢和析氧催化的不同高熵合金、高熵陶瓷成分体系，介绍了高熵电解水催化剂的合成方法，并对其优缺点进行了评估，最后对该领域面临的挑战和未来发展方向进行了展望，以期为低成本、高性能高熵电解水催化剂的开发提供新思路，促进绿氢相关技术的研究和发展。

A photothermal agent (ECEI) with high photothermal conversion efficiency (85.78%) was synthesized based on coumarin fluorescent groups. In addition, the experimental results of hot and cold cycling show that ECEI has good photostability. Despite damage to the mitochondrial membrane potential, ECEI can effectively target mitochondria and induce cancer cell death under laser irradiation. This allows ECEI to maximize mitochondrial damage and thus inhibit tumor cell reproduction. Notable, after irradiating mouse tumors once, the mouse tumors gradually disappeared within 10 d. This indicates that ECEI has an excellent tumor inhibition effect.

采用高温固相法在1 050℃下烧结，制备了LiCoO₂低浓度梯度改性样品，分别为LiF掺杂包覆（LCOLF、LCO@LF）和MgF₂掺杂包覆（LCOMF、LCO@MF）。通过光电子能谱、透射电子显微镜和电化学技术等表征方法，对比分析材料形貌及电化学性能。结果表明，体相掺杂复合电极中，LCOLF热重测试显示出最优热稳定性，LCOMF晶体中（003）和（104）晶面间距收缩；45℃下1C倍率循环70圈后，LCOLF和LCOMF比容量分别为141.45和166.98 mAh·g^-1，循环性能优于LiCoO₂。表面包覆复合电极中，LCO@LF和LCO@MF晶粒表面光洁且晶格氧键价都向更高结合能方向增强；LCO@MF构建了坚实且紧密的包覆层，循环70圈后，放电比容量和容量保持率分别为183 mAh·g^-1和91.26%（LCO@LF分别为154.38 mAh·g^-1和77.54%），循环性能显著优于体相掺杂。

卤代芳烃是非常重要的合成砌块，广泛应用于农用化学品、材料和药物等的合成。芳烃的亲电取代卤化反应是制备芳基卤化物最简单的方法，但是富电子芳烃的卤化反应存在区域选择性差的挑战。本实验采用自组装协同催化策略，以环己基苯溴化反应为模型反应，高选择性合成溴代芳烃，进而应用于卤代芳烃的高选择性合成。在加深学生芳烃亲电取代卤化反应的同时，也向学生传授自组装、协同催化和路易斯酸碱催化等重要知识，加深学生对亲电取代反应机理和离子型中间体的了解。实验主要由卤代芳烃的合成、机理探究及实验普适性三部分组成，包含多种有机实验基本操作，涉及反应监测、分离纯化、产物表征等多个重要环节，实验整体时长7小时，安全性高，可操作性强，适合本科实验教学开设。本实验秉持科研反哺教学的理念，将新的科研成果转化为人才培养内容，有助于提高学生的科研创新与实践能力。

A series of novel titanium-oxo-clusters (TOCs, including Zn-Ti₁₁ and Cd-Ti₁₁) was designed for supercapacitors, expanding the potential application of TOCs. These materials demonstrate the benefits of titanium-based materials through their excellent pseudocapacitive energy storage capabilities. The prepared supercapacitor exhibited impressive performance, with a maximum power density of 9.5 W·kg^-1 and an energy density of 463 Wh·kg^-1.

Based on the 5-(3, 4-dicarboxyphenoxy) isophthalic acid (H₄dppa) ligand, two lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) were designed and synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis: {(dima)[Dy(dppa)(H₂O)₂]·2.5H₂O}_n (Dy - MOF) and {(dima) [Eu(dppa) (H₂O)₂]·1.5H₂O}_n (Eu - MOF) (dima=dimethylamine cation). The structures were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, etc. Dy-MOF and Eu- MOF are hetero-isomorphic 2D network structures, and adjacent 2D networks further form 3D supramolecular network structures through hydrogen bonding. Fluorescence analysis shows that Dy-MOF and Eu-MOF have excellent fluorescence properties at room temperature, and Dy-MOF has excellent fluorescence sensing properties, which can efficiently and high-sensitively detect a variety of pollutants in water: aniline (ANI), nitrobenzene (NB), tetracycline (TC), pyrimethanil (PTH), and tryptophan (Trp). The fluorescence quenching mechanism of Dy-MOF in detecting pollutants was also investigated.

通过碱处理结合铬改性策略实现了对高硅ZSM-5沸石孔道和酸性的协同调控，制备出了一种具有适宜酸性的高硅多级孔沸石催化剂。在碱处理的过程中，通过精细调节合成凝胶组成，在沸石晶体中引入的丰富共生界面，诱导了介孔的形成，从而打破了沸石硅铝比对常规碱处理法的限制。在铬改性的过程中，独特的多级孔结构促进了铬在催化剂中的分散，从而实现了对酸性的深度改性。在甲醇制丙烯催化反应中，制备的催化剂表现出了极佳的催化稳定性以及很高的丙烯和总低碳烯烃选择性。

析氧反应(OER)是电解水的关键反应之一。因此，高效的析氧反应电催化剂对水的分解至关重要。本研究工作基于泡沫镍(NF)基底，成功构筑了新型FeCoCrMnBS高熵氢氧化物(HEH)催化剂。FeCoCrMnBS HEH具有由大量非晶结构的超薄纳米片构成的多孔形态。获得的FeCoCrMnBS/NF电极在碱性介质中表现出优异的OER电催化活性，在100 mA∙cm⁻²下只需要290 mV的过电位。此外，该催化剂在10 mA∙cm⁻²下显示出超过120 h的耐久性。增强的催化性能受益于独特的非晶结构以及B与S之间的正协同作用。该协同作用能够促进了硫酸盐的形成，从而削弱了OER中间体在催化剂表面的吸附。本研究为设计高效的OER电催化剂提供了一种新的设计策略。

采用传统固相法制备了La³⁺掺杂的0.28Pb (In_1/2Nb_1/2) O₃-0.32Pb (Zn_1/3Nb_2/3) O₃-0.3PbTiO₃-0.1PbZrO₃(PIN-PZN-PZT)四元压电陶瓷，研究了La³⁺掺杂量对PIN-PZN-PZT四元压电陶瓷微观结构和电学性能的影响。结果表明：引入La³⁺可以增强压电陶瓷局部结构异质性，进而提升介电弛豫特性并提高压电性能。当La₂O₃含量为1.5%时，获得了兼具高电致应变(0.23%)和高居里温度(206℃)的压电陶瓷材料。

A coordination polymer {[Cd(H₂dpa)(bpy)]·3H₂O}_n (Cd-CP) was designed and hydrothermal synthesized based on 4-(2, 4-dicarboxyphenoxy) phthalic acid (H₄dpa), 2, 2′-bipyridine (bpy) and Cd(NO₃)₂·4H₂O. The structure was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and infrared spectroscopy. Cd-CP belongs to the monoclinic crystal system with the P2₁/c space group and performs in a 1D double-chain structure. The adjacent double chains further form a 3D supramolecular network structure through hydrogen bonding. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that Cd-CP has good thermal stability. Fluorescence analysis showed that Cd-CP had good choosing selectively and was sensitive to metal ions (Fe³⁺ and Zn²⁺), 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenylhydrazine (TRI), and pyrimethanil (Pth). Interestingly, when Cd-CP was used for fluorescence detection of metal ions, it was found to have a fluorescence quenching effect on Fe³⁺ but had an obvious enhancement effect on Zn²⁺. Therefore, we designed an "on-off-on" logic gate. In addition, the mechanism of fluorescence sensing has been deeply explored.