Citation: Chen Minbo. Could Truth be Approached by Fitting More Experimental Data Solely?——On "What do We Believe Calculations on?"-III[J]. Chemistry, ;2016, 79(3): 196-204. shu

Could Truth be Approached by Fitting More Experimental Data Solely?——On "What do We Believe Calculations on?"-III

  • Received Date: 25 September 2015
    Available Online: 27 October 2015

  • In face of the academic disputes such as various ways to improve the Hammett equation in physical organic chemistry, the history of searching scientific truth of three topics are analyzed, i.e. the equation of state of real gas, the electronegativity and the principle of hard and soft acids and bases. The conclusion is that in order to approach the truth, the phenomenological theory can not be improved further by fitting more experimental data solely, and there exists no one successful example in the history. The way successful in the sense of statistics is nothing to the correctness in the physical meaning.
  • 加载中
    1. [1]

      [1] 陈敏伯. 化学通报,2015, 78:868~872.

    2. [2]

      [2] 陈敏伯. 化学通报, 2013, 76:388~398.

    3. [3]

      [3] L P Hammett. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1937, 59:96~103.

    4. [4]

      [4] 曹晨忠.有机化学中的取代基效应,科学出版社,2003年,第69页. H H Jaffe. Chem. Rev., 1953, 53:191~261.

    5. [5]

      [5] M J S Dewar. The Molecular Orbital Theory of Organic Chemistry, New York:McGraw-Hill, 1969; 中译本:有机化学分子轨道理论,戴树珊等译,江元生校,科学出版社,1979年;第9.15节,第525页。

    6. [6]

      [6] W J Lyman, D H Rosenblatt, W J Reehl. Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods:Environmental Behavior of Organic Compounds, Am. Chem. Soc, 1982; 中译本:化学性质估算方法手册:有机化合物的环境性质,许志宏等译,化学工业出版社,1991年。

    7. [7]

      [7] L Pauling. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1932, 54:3570~3582; L Pauling. The Nature of Chemical Bond, 3rd ed. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 1960.

    8. [8]

      [8] P Atkins, J de Paula. Physical Chemistry, 9th ed. W.H. Freeman, 2010.

    9. [9]

      [9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equation_of_state;沈惠川,《统计力学》,中国科大出版社,2011年;[日]妹尾学,《化学公式手册》,科学出版社,1987年.

    10. [10]

      [10] J E Mayer, M G Mayer. Statistical Mechanics, New York:John Wiley, 1940;中译本:统计力学,高等教育出版社,1957年。

    11. [11]

      [11] 陈敏伯,统计力学:理论化学用书,科学出版社,2012年,§5.5节,§10.2节,§16.1.5节。

    12. [12]

      [12] 宋子良等,范德瓦尔斯及其学派,华中科技大学出版社,2002年,第218页。

    13. [13]

      [13] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity.

    14. [14]

      [14] R S Mulliken. J. Chem. Phys., 1934, 2:782~793.

    15. [15]

      [15] W Gordy. Phys. Rev., 1946, 69:604~607.

    16. [16]

      [16] 李世瑨,化学学报, 1957, 23:234~237.

    17. [17]

      [17] A L Allred, E G Rochow. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.. 1958, 5:264~268.

    18. [18]

      [18] 高孝恢,化学学报, 1961, 27:190~195.

    19. [19]

      [19] 温元凯,中国科技大学学报, 1974, 4:145;温元凯,邵俊,离子极化导论,合肥:安徽教育出版社,1985年.

    20. [20]

      [20] L C Allen. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111:9003~9014.

    21. [21]

      [21] R G Parr, R A Donnelly, M Levy et al. J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 68, 3801~3807; R G Parr, W Yang. Density Functional Theory of Atoms and Molecules, Oxford Science Publications, New York, 1989.

    22. [22]

      [22] "Russell鸡"是指英国数学家、数理逻辑学奠基人B. Russell(1872~1970)所著《哲学原理》第6章"归纳法"故事中的那只鸡。故事讲农夫养了一只鸡,每天清晨按时喂食,日久,鸡从中总结出规律:凡清晨那熟悉的脚步声走来,总能得从那农夫手中得到食物。可是有一天清晨农夫走来,非但不给食,却一把抓起鸡脖子要宰。那只"Russell鸡"临死前才明白它总结规律的方法是不可靠的,可为时已晚。曾经掀起第三次数学危机的Russell无非是让人们明白,那只鸡认识规律的方法就是我们人类认知采用的归纳法(induction);提醒人们不能把实验科学建立在单靠归纳法的基础上。认识世界所依靠的两大方法,归纳法和演绎法(deduction),缺一不可。看来最早认识到单凭实验数据拟合不能逼近真理的人是Russell。他又是位思想家,他的《西方哲学史》荣获1950年的诺贝尔文学奖。

    23. [23]

      [23] R T Sanderson. Science, 1951, 114:670~672.

    24. [24]

      [24] R G Pearson. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1963, 85:3533~3539.

    25. [25]

      [25] R G Pearson. Hard and Soft Acids and Bases. Dowden, Hutchson, & Ross, Inc., 1973.

    26. [26]

      [26] 何子乐.有机化学中的硬软酸碱理论,科学出版社,1987年.

    27. [27]

      [27] R G Parr, R G Pearson. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105:7512~7516.

    28. [28]

      [28] R G Pearson. J. Chem. Educ., 1987, 64:561~567.

    29. [29]

      [29] R G Parr, P K Chattaraj. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113:1854~1855.

    30. [30]

      [30] R A Fisher. Statistical Methods and Scientific Inference, Oliver & Boyd, 1956;张尧庭,概率概念的发展和争论,数学与文化,邓东皋等编,北京大学出版社,1990年;第359页.

    31. [31]

      [31] D Huff. How to Lie with Statistics, New York:W W Norton & Co., 1982; 第一个中译本:怎能用统计撒谎,中国统计出版社,1986年;第二个中译本:统计陷阱,上海财经大学出版社,2003年.

    32. [32]

      [32] 陈敏伯.计算化学:从理论化学到分子模拟,科学出版社,2012年第二次印刷;§11.1.5节.

    33. [33]

      [33] 吴大猷,物理学的历史和哲学,金吾伦, 胡新和译. 中国大百科全书出版社, 1997.

    34. [34]

      [34] F Dyson. Nature, 2004, 427:297. F Dyson(1923-)是位少年得志、杰出的美籍英国数学家和理论物理学家。1949年还在师从Bethe读研究生期间就证明了Schwinger与朝永振一郎的变分法和Feynman的路径积分法两者是等价的,为量子电动力学的确立作出了重要贡献,蜚声四海。后三位因量子电动力学的建立荣获1965年的诺贝尔物理学奖。传说因人数限制Dyson才与诺奖失之交臂。Enrico Fermi(1901~1954)。意大利理论和实验物理学家,1938年的诺贝尔物理学奖得主。李政道教授的博士导师。以发现链式核反应、Fermi-Dirac分布、β衰变理论及主持世界第一个核反应堆的建造闻名。

    35. [35]

      [35] John von Neumann(1903~1957)美籍匈牙利数学家。1927年出版名著《量子力学的数学基础》解决了Hilbert第6个问题"物理学公理化"中的一部分。他又是博弈论、计算机科学的奠基人。

    36. [36]

      [36] J Mayer,K Khairy, J Howard. "Drawing an elephant with four complex parameters", Am. J. Phys., 2010, 78:648~649;邢志忠,科学世界,2014, 6月号, 110.

    37. [37]

      [37] D Deutsch. The Fabrics of Reality, Allen Lane, 1997; 中译本:真实世界的脉络,广西师范大学出版社,2002. David Deutsch(1953-),1998年Dirac奖得主,量子计算的奠基人,牛津大学物理学教授.

    38. [38]

      [38] J C Taylor. Hidden Unity in Nature's Laws, Cambridge University Press, 2001; 中译本:自然规律中蕴蓄的统一性,北京理工大学出版社,2004,第8页.

  • 加载中
    1. [1]

      Kaifu Zhang Shan Gao Bin Yang . Application of Theoretical Calculation with Fun Practice in Raman Spectroscopy Experimental Teaching. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(3): 62-67. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404045

    2. [2]

      Shuyong Zhang Zhong Wei Gang Ni Chunyan Sun Jianping Li Hualong Xu Xijiang Han Qiue Cao Yanguang Wang Yi Yang Yuqiang Ding Wenqing Zhang . Suggestions on Theoretical and Experimental Teaching Contents of Applied Chemistry Majors in Universities. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(5): 1-8. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404002

    3. [3]

      Xintian Xie Sicong Ma Yefei Li Cheng Shang Zhipan Liu . Application of Machine Learning Potential-based Theoretical Simulations in Undergraduate Teaching Laboratory Course Design. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(3): 140-147. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405164

    4. [4]

      Hua Hou Baoshan Wang . Course Ideology and Politics Education in Theoretical and Computational Chemistry. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(2): 307-313. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309045

    5. [5]

      Jia Yao Xiaogang Peng . Theory of Macroscopic Molecular Systems: Theoretical Framework of the Physical Chemistry Course in the Chemistry “101 Plan”. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(10): 27-37. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202408117

    6. [6]

      Yiying Yang Dongju Zhang . Elucidating the Concepts of Thermodynamic Control and Kinetic Control in Chemical Reactions through Theoretical Chemistry Calculations: A Computational Chemistry Experiment on the Diels-Alder Reaction. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 327-335. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309074

    7. [7]

      Yanglin Jiang Mingqing Chen Min Liang Yige Yao Yan Zhang Peng Wang Jianping Zhang . Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Solvent Polarity Effect on ESIPT Mechanism in 4′-N,N-diethylamino-3-hydroxybenzoflavone. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(2): 100012-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202309027

    8. [8]

      Xuyang Wang Jiapei Zhang Lirui Zhao Xiaowen Xu Guizheng Zou Bin Zhang . Theoretical Study on the Structure and Stability of Copper-Ammonia Coordination Ions. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 384-389. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309065

    9. [9]

      Keweiyang Zhang Zihan Fan Liyuan Xiao Haitao Long Jing Jing . Unveiling Crystal Field Theory: Preparation, Characterization, and Performance Assessment of Nickel Macrocyclic Complexes. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 163-171. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310084

    10. [10]

      Qiang Xu Rong Zhang Liyan Zhang Jinxuan Liu Shuo Wu Rongwen Lv . Exploration and Practice of Ideological and Political Education Construction in the Course of Practical Instrument Analysis Theory. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(6): 132-136. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311018

    11. [11]

      Yaling Chen . Basic Theory and Competitive Exam Analysis of Dynamic Isotope Effect. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(8): 403-410. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311093

    12. [12]

      Meifeng Zhu Jin Cheng Kai Huang Cheng Lian Shouhong Xu Honglai Liu . Classical Density Functional Theory for Understanding Electrochemical Interface. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(3): 148-152. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405166

    13. [13]

      Xueting Cao Shuangshuang Cha Ming Gong . 电催化反应中的界面双电层:理论、表征与应用. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(5): 100041-. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2024.100041

    14. [14]

      Qian Peng Pengfei Yao Zicong Wang Xiufang Xu Hongwei Sun . Promote the Training of Top Talents by Optimizing the Theoretical Computational Chemistry Curriculum System. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(5): 261-267. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202408012

    15. [15]

      Fei Xie Chengcheng Yuan Haiyan Tan Alireza Z. Moshfegh Bicheng Zhu Jiaguo Yud带中心调控过渡金属单原子负载COF吸附O2的理论计算研究. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2407013-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202407013

    16. [16]

      Hui Li Jia Nie Zhongyuan Lü Hujun Qian Youliang Zhu Fuquan Bai Zexing Qu Ronglin Zhong . Developing a Lecture Mode for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Curriculum under the “Modernization of Chinese Education” Initiative. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(3): 1-9. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202402007

    17. [17]

      Jie ZHAOSen LIUQikang YINXiaoqing LUZhaojie WANG . Theoretical calculation of selective adsorption and separation of CO2 by alkali metal modified naphthalene/naphthalenediyne. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(3): 515-522. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230385

    18. [18]

      Ping Cai Yaxian Zhu Tao Hu . Frontier Research and Basic Theory in the Classroom: an Introduction to the Inorganic Chemistry Teaching Case under the Chemistry “101 Plan”. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(10): 84-88. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202408027

    19. [19]

      Baitong Wei Jinxin Guo Xigong Liu Rongxiu Zhu Lei Liu . Theoretical Study on the Structure, Stability of Hydrocarbon Free Radicals and Selectivity of Alkane Chlorination Reaction. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(3): 402-407. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202406003

    20. [20]

      Hao XURuopeng LIPeixia YANGAnmin LIUJie BAI . Regulation mechanism of halogen axial coordination atoms on the oxygen reduction activity of Fe-N4 site: A density functional theory study. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(4): 695-701. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240302

Metrics
  • PDF Downloads(2)
  • Abstract views(365)
  • HTML views(42)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索
Address:Zhongguancun North First Street 2,100190 Beijing, PR China Tel: +86-010-82449177-888
Powered By info@rhhz.net

/

DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
Return