

Citation: Zhang Runmiao, Wang Chenwei, Sun Jing, Yan Chaoguo, Yao Yong. Design and Construction of Pillar[5]arene-Based Bis-[1]rotaxane[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2019, 39(12): 3483-3489. doi: 10.6023/cjoc201906006

基于柱[5]芳烃的新型双-[1]轮烷的设计与合成
English
Design and Construction of Pillar[5]arene-Based Bis-[1]rotaxane
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Key words:
- pillar[5]arene
- / bis-[1]rotaxane
- / pseudo[1]rotaxane
- / mechanically interlocked molecules
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随着冠醚[1]作为第一代超分子大环主体化合物的出现, 超分子化学[2]逐渐成为许多科学家研究的重要领域之一, 在纳米科学、材料科学和生物科学等领域得到广泛应用[3].机械互锁分子(MIMs)[4]已经在超分子化学中得到了广泛的研究, 为先进的超分子系统[5](如轮烷[6]、索烃[7]、分子梭[8]、开关[9]和探针[10])的构建提供了无限的可能, 也使超分子化学适用于分子机器[11]、化学探针[12]和药物输送[13]的构建.虽然MIMs的研究近些年快速发展, 但一类新型的机械MIMs, 即自锁分子(MSMs)的研究报道却很少, 这是由于MSMs的轴和外圈的轮在一个分子中, 其合成分离较为复杂, 限制了机械自锁分子的快速发展.在有限的机械自锁分子中, 准[1]轮烷是基本和典型的代表[14].在构建机械自锁分子的过程中, 主体提供的空腔大小和性质是最关键的.作为冠醚、环糊精、杯芳烃和葫芦脲之后相对较新的大环主体化合物柱[n]芳烃[15, 16], 由于具有富电子空腔、对称的柱状结构和易于修饰的边缘, 已被广泛应用于构建新的超分子聚合物、分子器件、人工跨膜通道以及化学和物理响应材料[17].柱[5]芳烃是柱芳烃家族中应用最广泛的一类, 因此, 单官能化柱[5]芳烃是构建准[1]轮烷的最通用的候选化合物[18].例如, Ogoshi等[19]报道了基于含有辛基三甲基铵基团的柱[5]芳烃的准轮烷, 其在氯仿中表现出自络合的性质.曹德榕等[20]报道了基于单酯化柱[5]芳烃的准[1]轮烷, 它可以选择性地结合不同的二卤代烷烃.薛敏等[21]通过单羧酸官能化的柱[5]芳烃与长链烷基胺的反应, 高产率地制备了基于柱[5]芳烃的[1]轮烷.王乐勇等[22]报道了通过缩合反应形成一个基于芳烃的互锁准[1]索烃和准[1]轮烷(一个包括二氨基烷烃和一个酸官能化的柱[5]芳烃, 另一个包括二异氰酸酯和胺官能化的柱[5]芳烃), 它显示出溶剂和客体的不同响应.杨英威等[23]报道了一种带有咪唑鎓盐基团的单官能化柱[5]芳烃, 即使在氯仿中高浓度也能形成稳定的准[1]轮烷.近期, 刘育等[24]报道了基于几个柱[5]芳烃的准[1]索烃, 其中柱芳烃环由两个酰胺基团连接.
我们课题组[25]成功合成单官能化柱[5]芳烃席夫碱、尿素、吡啶亚胺衍生物, 在结构确定过程中, 发现这些单官能化柱[5]芳烃在溶液和固体状态下均可以发生自络合形成较稳定准[1]轮烷.基于此, 2016年, 我们[26]报道了一种基于二烯基柱[5]芳烃的准[1]轮烷, 并研究了自锁准[1]轮烷的稳定性.最近, 我们课题组[27]成功实现以三联吡啶封端的自锁[1]轮烷, 并探究了形成[1]轮烷的条件.在本项研究中, 先合成了柱[5]单酰胺衍生物准[1]轮烷, 然后末端的胺基与双水杨醛类物质[28]进行缩合反应得到目标产物双-[1]轮烷.
1. 结果与讨论
1.1 目标化合物的合成
目标化合物基于柱[5]芳烃的双-[1]轮烷的合成路线如Scheme 1所示.首先, 进行化合物1与丙、丁二胺和己二胺以1:1化学计量比反应, 得到较为稳定的准[1]轮烷.在制备准轮烷的过程中, 二胺化合物的投料是1的20倍, 以保证二胺化合物的一个胺基和化合物1反应.通过1H NMR研究可以观察到在负方向的化学位移信号, 表明胺基烷烃链穿入柱[5]芳烃的空腔内, 然后这些中间体准轮烷与化合物2a~2c经过缩合反应, 以可观产率获得基于桥联柱[5]芳烃的双-[1]轮烷3a~3h.
1.2 目标化合物的表征
双[1]轮烷3a~3h通过1H NMR、13C NMR、2D NMR (1H-1H NOESY NMR)、IR和高分辨质谱MS等手段进行表征.在席夫碱桥联双柱[5]芳烃3a~3h的1H NMR谱图的负场方向, 可以明显观察到一些信号峰. 8种双[1]轮烷在负场方向氢的个数如表 1所示. 图 1表示3a在CDCl3中的1H NMR谱, 根据负场中的质子数, 将它们归属于3a的胺基烷烃链上质子H1-4, 由于相应的CH2受到柱芳烃空腔的电子云的屏蔽作用从而使化学位移向高场移动(Δδ =-0.07~-2.27), 这说明两个胺基烷烃链穿入柱芳烃的两个空腔中, 表明形成了[1]轮烷.这一结论是与我们课题组之前合成的基于单酰胺功能化柱[5]芳烃的[1]轮烷所得结论一致[29].在2D NOESY NMR图谱(图 2)中, 明显观察到己基质子H1-4与3a的柱[5]芳烃侧链亚甲基质子Ha(图 2, A、B、C、D)、H1-4与NH质子Hb(图 2, E、F)以及H1-4与苯环质子Hc (G、H、I、J)之间存在明确的相关信号, 这也证实了烷基链穿入柱芳烃空腔中, 形成了双-[1]轮烷的机械互锁结构.其他7个基于柱芳烃的双-[1]轮烷同样通过以上手段进行表征.通过对比发现双-[1]轮烷中氢在δ 0以下出峰的位置和个数与烷基二胺的链长n有关, 进一步说明柱芳烃套在烷基二胺的烷基链上.
表 1
Compd. n m Yield/% Number of H (δ<0) 3a 4 1 66.5 16 (CH2) 3b 4 2 54.6 16 (CH2) 3c 2 1 83.4 8 (CH2) 3d 2 2 65.3 8 (CH2) 3e 2 4 64.3 8 (CH2) 3f 1 1 81.1 8 (CH2) 3g 1 2 65.2 8 (CH2) 3h 1 4 52.6 8 (CH2) 图 1
图 2
图式 1
1.3 化合物3a的应用
合成的以席夫碱桥联双柱[5]芳烃为骨架的双-[1]轮烷具有亚胺和羟基的结构单元, 可作为识别位点, 通过氢键相互作用可以作为良好的离子结合位点.首先研究了这类化合物对金属离子的选择性(Cu2+、Co2+、Zn2+、Ni3+、Cd2+和Pb2+, c=1×10-4 mol/L), 化合物3a在CH2Cl2/MeOH中的紫外-可见光光谱数据测定(图 3)表明, 3a具有两个吸收带, 即280 nm附近的强吸收和398 nm处相对较弱的吸收.前者是配体芳环上共轭体系的π-π*跃迁产生, 后者是由碳氮双键的π-π*跃迁产生.在加入金属离子后谱图发生了偏移, 席夫碱桥联的双-[1]轮烷3a对Ni3+、Cd2+和Pb2+几乎没有识别作用, 而对Cu2+作用最强.由于Cu2+与席夫碱作用, 席夫碱的紫外吸收由原来的390 nm移动至350 nm.通过3a与不同浓度Cu2+的紫外滴定实验, 发现两者之间存在着滴定平衡.当Cu(OAc)2浓度为配体浓度的2倍以后, 谱图不再发生变化, 这说明该席夫碱与铜离子之间存在滴定平衡, 络合比为1:2(图 4).
图 3
图 4
2. 结论
基于准轮烷的合成, 通过简单的缩合反应, 成功合成了8个以席夫碱桥联的[5]芳烃为骨架的双-[1]轮烷.对于较长的桥联链的双柱[5]芳烃3a~3h, 在溶液中观察到两个柱[5]芳烃单元和桥联链存在穿线行为.此研究扩展了基于柱[5]芳烃的分子系统, 并为合成自锁柱[5]芳烃分子拓展了道路.合成的席夫碱桥联双柱[5]芳烃与不同金属离子存在识别作用, 尤其是对Cu2+识别作用最强, 并以1:2比进行络合, 为检测金属离子传感器提供材料支持.
3. 实验部分
3.1 仪器与试剂
除非另有说明, 所有反应均在开放的气氛中进行, 所有试剂均来自商业来源.用Focus X-4装置测定熔点, 未经校正.所有产率均以分离提纯后的计算结果. NMR谱在Ailent 400和AVANCE 600核磁共振波谱仪上测定, 内标为四甲基硅烷(TMS), 以溶剂信号作为内参.在Bruker DPX 600MHz光谱仪上进行2D NOESY实验, 在Bruker maXis超高分辨飞行时间质谱仪测定HR-ESI- MS.
3.2 实验方法
3.2.1 化合物2a~2c的合成
根据报道的方法[28]合成双水杨醛化合物2a~2c.
3.2.2 化合物3a~3h的合成
根据报道的方法[25a]合成酰氨基官能化的柱[5]芳烃1a、1b、1c (0.2 mmol), 然后在无水乙醇中加入双水杨醛类化合物2a~2c (0.1 mmol), 2~3 d醋酸, 将混合物加热回流下搅拌6 h.抽滤, 取滤饼, 用乙醇重结晶, 得到纯产物.
双[1]轮烷柱芳烃3a:黄色固体, 产率66.5%. m.p. 165.5~167.4 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.06 (s, 2H, CH=N), 7.12 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.00~6.78 (m, 20 H, ArH), 6.40 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 4H, ArH), 5.48 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 2H, NH), 4.60 (s, 4H, CH2), 4.09 (s, 4H, CH2), 3.95~3.49 (m, 74H, 48OCH3, 26CH2), 2.90 (s, 2H, CH2), 2.59 (t, J=8.5 Hz, 4H, CH2), 2.03 (s, 4H, CH2), 1.71 (dt, J=14.6, 7.4 Hz, 4H, CH2), 1.50 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 4H, CH2), 0.92 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 6H, CH3), -0.04 (s, 4H, CH2), -0.62 (s, 2H, CH2), -0.74 (s, 2H, CH2), -1.86 (s, 4H, CH2), -2.24 (s, 4H, CH2); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 168.63, 167.59, 163.59, 162.30, 150.89, 150.59, 150.46, 150.34, 150.31, 150.27, 150.22, 150.08, 149.95, 146.88, 132.37, 129.30, 129.23, 128.56, 128.41, 128.30, 128.23, 127.81, 127.15, 115.26, 114.44, 114.03, 113.66, 112.92, 112.72, 112.63, 112.14, 112.04, 111.74, 106.66, 102.04, 68.39, 67.48, 65.77, 56.69, 56.18, 56.05, 55.75, 55.71, 55.63, 55.39, 55.20, 55.12, 37.51, 32.01, 30.68, 29.91, 29.11, 29.03, 28.70, 28.51, 27.23, 25.89, 24.29, 22.78, 19.56, 14.05; IR (KBr) v: 3415, 2936, 1688, 1626, 1500, 1466, 1400, 1296, 1213, 1048, 928, 879, 775, 705, 648 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C128H155N4O26 ([M+H]+): 2165.0950, found 2165.0958.
双[1]轮烷柱芳烃3b:黄色固体, 产率54.6%. m.p. 140.8~142.3 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.05 (s, 2H, CH=N), 7.11 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.98 (s, 4H, ArH), 6.92 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 6H, ArH), 6.88 (s, 4H, ArH), 6.81 (d, J=3.7 Hz, 6H, ArH), 6.39 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 4H, ArH), 5.47 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H, NH), 4.59 (s, 4H, CH2), 4.03 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 4H, CH2), 3.90~3.67 (m, 74H, 48 OCH3, 26 CH2), 2.89 (s, 2H, CH2), 2.59 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 4H, CH2), 1.87 (t, J=8.5 Hz, 8H, CH2), 1.74~1.67 (m, 4H, CH2), 1.49 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 4H, CH2), 0.92 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 6H, CH3), -0.04 (s, 4H, CH2), -0.63 (s, 2H, CH2), -0.75 (s, 2H, CH2), -1.88 (d, J=25.1 Hz, 4H, CH2), -2.24 (s, 4H, CH2); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 168.44, 167.58, 163.68, 162.30, 150.90, 150.59, 150.46, 150.35, 150.32, 150.28, 150.23, 150.08, 149.96, 146.88, 132.31, 129.30, 129.28, 129.23, 128.55, 128.53, 128.41, 128.30, 128.23, 127.81, 127.15, 115.25, 114.43, 114.01, 113.66, 112.92, 112.73, 112.63, 112.15, 112.06, 111.87, 111.69, 106.73, 102.01, 101.92, 68.37, 67.88, 67.83, 65.78, 56.82, 56.17, 56.04, 55.75, 55.70, 55.63, 55.39, 55.19, 55.12, 37.52, 32.01, 30.71, 29.92, 29.07, 29.02, 28.70, 28.52, 27.23, 26.66, 25.90, 25.86, 24.32, 22.80, 19.56, 14.05; IR (KBr) v: 3410, 2937, 2859, 2036, 1681, 1625, 1504, 1459, 1399, 1296, 1212, 1112, 1043, 928, 873, 845, 775, 711, 647, 546 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C130H159N4O26 ([M+H]+): 2193.1271, found 2193.1276.
双[1]轮烷柱芳烃3c:黄色固体, 产率83.4%. m.p. 194.8~196.1 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 13.20 (s, 2H, OH), 7.23 (s, 2H, ArH), 7.01~6.91 (m, 14H, ArH), 6.83 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 4H, ArH), 6.77 (s, 4H, 2 ArH, 2 CH=N), 6.29~6.22 (m, 4H, ArH), 5.45 (s, 2H, NH), 4.59 (s, 4H, CH2), 4.08 (s, 4H, CH2), 3.83~3.73 (m, 56H, 48 OCH3, 8CH2), 3.71 (s, 6H, CH2), 3.65 (s, 4H, CH2), 3.58 (s, 4H, CH2), 3.40 (s, 4H, CH2), 2.87 (s, 2H, CH2), 2.04 (s, 4H, CH2), 1.80 (s, 4H, CH2), 1.55 (dd, J=7.6, 3.6 Hz, 4H, CH2), 1.00 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 6H, CH3), 0.29 (d, J=43.9 Hz, 4H, CH2), -0.92 (s, 4H, CH2), -1.91 (d, J=31.0 Hz, 4H, CH2); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 172.60, 167.13, 164.12, 161.56, 151.64, 150.65, 150.61, 150.51, 150.39, 150.31, 150.26, 150.18, 149.59, 147.61, 133.24, 130.76, 129.59, 128.63, 128.54, 128.17, 128.15, 128.09, 127.38, 127.30, 117.94, 114.88, 113.88, 113.78, 113.48, 113.36, 112.97, 112.83, 112.45, 111.93, 111.37, 105.33, 102.25, 70.36, 67.26, 65.70, 55.99, 55.96, 55.91, 55.81, 55.75, 55.61, 55.49, 55.40, 51.15, 36.33, 32.01, 30.48, 29.51, 29.23, 29.04, 28.42, 28.16, 25.97, 25.67, 22.75, 19.48, 14.13; IR (KBr) v: 3415, 2940, 1685, 1624, 1502, 1460, 1399, 1299, 1213, 1112, 1045, 929, 873, 776, 707, 648 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C124H147N4O26 ([M+H]+): 2109.0346, found 2109.0337.
双[1]轮烷柱芳烃3d:黄色固体, 产率64.3%. m.p. 168.0~170.2 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.23 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.01 (s, 2H, CH=N), 7.00~6.88 (m, 12H, ArH), 6.83 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 4H, ArH), 6.76 (dd, J=10.0, 2.8 Hz, 4H, ArH), 6.25 (d, J=10.3 Hz, 4H, ArH), 5.45 (s, 2H, NH), 4.59 (s, 3H, CH2), 4.14 (s, 2H, CH2), 4.01 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 4H, CH2), 3.96~3.61 (m, 64H, 48OCH3, 16CH2), 3.57 (s, 4H, CH2), 3.39 (s, 4H, CH2), 2.86 (s, 2H, CH2), 1.88 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 4H, CH2), 1.76 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 4H, CH2), 1.60 (s, 4H, CH2), 1.54 (dd, J=7.5, 3.7 Hz, 4H, CH2), 1.00 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 6H, CH3), 0.34 (s, 2H, CH2), 0.23 (s, 2H, CH2), -0.92 (d, J=25.7 Hz, 4H, CH2), -1.90 (d, J=35.9 Hz, 4H, CH2); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 172.49, 167.14, 164.23, 161.57, 151.64, 150.65, 150.56, 150.52, 150.39, 150.31, 150.27, 150.19, 149.60, 147.61, 133.20, 130.75, 130.74, 129.59, 128.63, 128.53, 128.47, 128.46, 128.19, 128.16, 128.10, 127.38, 117.90, 114.89, 113.89, 113.70, 113.53, 113.47, 113.39, 113.00, 112.83, 112.50, 112.48, 112.45, 111.94, 111.31, 105.43, 102.22, 70.34, 67.69, 65.70, 55.99, 55.96, 55.92, 55.80, 55.76, 55.57, 55.52, 55.49, 55.39, 51.22, 51.22, 36.34, 36.33, 32.00, 29.46, 29.18, 29.04, 28.40, 26.00, 25.65, 22.76, 19.47, 14.11; IR (KBr) v: 3406, 2940, 2837, 1684, 1625, 1502, 1460, 1399, 1299, 1212, 1044, 928, 877, 776, 707, 649 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C126H151N4O26 ([M+H]+): 2137.0653, found 2137.0650.
双[1]轮烷柱芳烃3e:黄色固体, 产率65.3%. m.p. 137.8~139.5 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 13.10 (s, 2H, OH), 7.22 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.00 (s, 2H, CH=N), 6.99~6.90 (m, 12H, ArH), 6.82 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 4H, ArH), 6.77 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 4H, ArH), 6.27~6.20 (m, 4H, ArH), 5.46 (s, 2H, NH), 4.59 (s, 4H, CH2), 4.13 (s, 2H, CH2), 3.98 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 4H, CH2), 3.87~3.66 (m, 60 H, 48OCH3, 12CH2), 3.57 (s, 6H, CH2), 3.38 (s, 6H, CH2), 2.86 (s, 2H, CH2), 1.81 (dt, J=16.0, 8.0 Hz, 16H, CH2), 1.51 (dt, J=9.2, 4.7 Hz, 8H, CH2), 0.99 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 6H, CH3), 0.33 (s, 2H, CH2), 0.21 (s, 2H, CH2), -0.92 (d, J=28.4 Hz, 4H, CH2), -1.92 (d, J=32.5 Hz, 4H, CH2); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 172.51, 167.14, 164.30, 161.53, 151.63, 150.64, 150.51, 150.39, 150.37, 150.29, 150.25, 150.18, 149.57, 147.58, 133.16, 130.73, 129.57, 128.62, 128.53, 128.51, 128.45, 128.15, 128.08, 127.36, 127.29, 117.89, 114.86, 113.86, 113.48, 113.35, 112.95, 112.82, 112.44, 111.92, 111.24, 105.46, 102.20, 70.32, 67.85, 65.68, 55.98, 55.95, 55.90, 55.80, 55.74, 55.48, 55.39, 51.16, 36.34, 32.00, 30.47, 29.58, 29.46, 29.20, 28.39, 28.13, 26.12, 25.65, 22.75, 19.46, 14.11; IR (KBr) v: 3406, 2936, 2857, 2480, 2035, 1682, 1625, 1503, 1458, 1398, 1298, 1212, 1112, 1043, 929, 875, 776, 711, 648, 550 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C130H159N4O26 ([M+ H]+): 2193.1293, found 2193.1276.
双[1]轮烷柱芳烃3f:黄色固体, 产率81.1%. m.p. 206.2~208.6 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 13.01 (s, 2H, OH), 7.18 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.06~6.79 (m, 18H, ArH), 6.69 (s, 2H, ArH), 6.32 (s, 2H, CH=N), 6.30~6.22 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.51 (s, 4H, CH2), 4.32 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H, NH), 4.17~3.22 (m, 80H, 48OCH3, 32CH2), 2.03 (s, 4H, CH2), 1.82 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 4H, CH2), 1.58~1.53 (m, 4H, CH2), 1.00 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 6H, CH3), -0.05~-0.20 (m, 4H, CH2), -1.71 (s, 2H, CH2), -1.88 (s, 2H, CH2); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 170.35, 166.77, 163.59, 162.31, 151.46, 150.84, 150.56, 150.49, 150.21, 150.13, 149.71, 148.56, 132.93, 131.73, 129.86, 129.22, 128.55, 128.44, 128.17, 127.87, 127.78, 125.85, 118.09, 114.13, 113.95, 113.93, 113.60, 113.37, 113.21, 112.39, 112.24, 111.57, 105.50, 101.90, 70.37, 67.29, 65.95, 56.10, 55.95, 55.72, 55.61, 55.45, 55.20, 55.18, 55.02, 50.86, 36.06, 31.92, 30.08, 28.62, 28.20, 27.02, 25.97, 19.47, 14.05; IR (KBr) v: 3407, 2934, 1685, 1627, 1499, 1465, 1399, 1296, 1213, 1045, 928, 880, 775, 705, 648 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C122H143N4O26 ([M+ H]+): 2081.0058, found 2081.0024.
双[1]轮烷柱芳烃3g:黄色固体, 产率65.2%. m.p.154.7~156.2 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 13.00 (s, 2H, OH), 7.16 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.04 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 4H, ArH), 7.01~6.91 (m, 8H, ArH), 6.87 (s, 2H, ArH), 6.81 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 4H, ArH), 6.68 (s, 2H, ArH), 6.32 (s, 2H, CH=N), 6.30~6.19 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.50 (s, 4H, CH2), 4.32 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H, NH), 4.12 (s, 2H, CH2), 4.07~3.49 (m, 66H, 48OCH3, 18CH2), 3.42 (s, 6H, CH2), 3.26 (s, 6H, CH2), 1.84 (d, J=16.8 Hz, 8H, CH2), 1.55 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 8H, CH2), 1.00 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 6H, CH3), -0.07~-0.21 (m, 4H, CH2), -1.72 (s, 2H, CH2), -1.89 (s, 2H, CH2); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 221.34, 170.70, 166.82, 163.83, 162.29, 151.47, 150.85, 150.58, 150.51, 150.21, 150.15, 149.71, 148.55, 132.96, 131.71, 129.87, 129.22, 128.59, 128.46, 128.20, 127.86, 127.81, 126.50, 125.85, 118.10, 114.19, 113.94, 113.62, 113.40, 113.23, 112.39, 112.23, 112.18, 111.41, 106.85, 105.61, 101.90, 70.39, 67.73, 65.93, 56.16, 55.96, 55.73, 55.62, 55.48, 55.21, 55.07, 50.68, 36.06, 32.04, 31.92, 30.09, 29.19, 28.60, 28.18, 27.01, 25.99, 19.47, 14.05; IR (KBr) v: 3391, 2935, 1681, 1627, 1499, 1465, 1399, 1297, 1213, 1045, 927, 881, 855, 774, 702, 648 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C124H147N4O26 ([M+H]+): 2109.0387, found 2109.0337.
双[1]轮烷柱芳烃3h:黄色固体, 产率52.6%. m.p. 142.8~144.9 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 12.99 (s, 2H, OH), 7.14 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.05~6.90 (m, 12H, ArH), 6.85 (s, 2H, ArH), 6.79 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 4H, ArH), 6.67 (s, 2H, ArH), 6.30 (s, 2H, CH=N), 6.25 (dd, J=8.6, 2.4 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.20 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 2H, ArH), 4.49 (s, 4H, CH2), 4.30 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 2H, NH), 4.10 (s, 2H, CH2), 4.02~3.48 (m, 66H, 48OCH3, 18CH2), 3.41 (s, 6H, CH2), 3.24 (s, 6H, CH2), 1.81 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 8H, CH2), 1.51 (dq, J=14.0, 7.3 Hz, 8H, CH2), 1.37 (s, 8H, CH2), 0.98 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 6H, CH3), -0.15 (dd, J=20.0, 11.4 Hz, 4H, CH2), -1.73 (s, 2H, CH2), -1.90 (s, 2H, CH2); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 170.33, 166.79, 164.30, 163.78, 163.20, 162.30, 151.45, 150.84, 150.54, 150.50, 150.19, 150.13, 149.69, 148.53, 132.86, 132.51, 131.68, 129.84, 129.21, 128.54, 128.44, 128.16, 127.84, 127.77, 126.49, 125.83, 118.02, 114.12, 113.92, 113.59, 113.36, 113.21, 112.38, 112.23, 112.12, 112.09, 111.44, 106.86, 105.64, 101.86, 101.71, 77.37, 70.34, 68.07, 67.90, 65.93, 56.11, 55.95, 55.72, 55.61, 55.44, 55.19, 55.03, 50.88, 36.09, 32.05, 31.92, 30.09, 29.58, 29.50, 29.47, 29.41, 29.36, 29.22, 29.20, 29.08, 28.63, 28.61, 28.17, 27.01, 26.12, 26.08, 26.00, 19.47, 14.06; IR (KBr) v: 3397, 2933, 1683, 1626, 1500, 1465, 1399, 1297, 1213, 1045, 928, 880, 775, 703, 648 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C128H154N4O26 ([M+H]+): 2165.0966, found 2165.0958.
辅助材料(Supporting Information) 化合物3a~3h的HRMS、1H NMR和13C NMR图谱.这些材料可以免费从本刊网站(http://sioc-journal.cn/)上下载.
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[1]
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表 1 8个双[1]轮烷产率及核磁对比
Table 1. Yields of bis[1]rotaxanes and their difference on 1H NMR
Compd. n m Yield/% Number of H (δ<0) 3a 4 1 66.5 16 (CH2) 3b 4 2 54.6 16 (CH2) 3c 2 1 83.4 8 (CH2) 3d 2 2 65.3 8 (CH2) 3e 2 4 64.3 8 (CH2) 3f 1 1 81.1 8 (CH2) 3g 1 2 65.2 8 (CH2) 3h 1 4 52.6 8 (CH2) -

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