Citation: Siyu Zhang, Kunhong Gu, Bing'an Lu, Junwei Han, Jiang Zhou. Hydrometallurgical Processes on Recycling of Spent Lithium-lon Battery Cathode: Advances and Applications in Sustainable Technologies[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2024, 40(10): 230902. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202309028 shu

Hydrometallurgical Processes on Recycling of Spent Lithium-lon Battery Cathode: Advances and Applications in Sustainable Technologies

Siyu Zhang ^{1, 2} ,
Kunhong Gu ¹ ,
Bing'an Lu ³ ,
Junwei Han ^1,, ,
Jiang Zhou ^2,,

1.
School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
2.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
3.
School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China

Corresponding author: Junwei Han, hanjunwei@csu.edu.cn Jiang Zhou, zhou_jiang@csu.edu.cn
Received Date: 18 September 2023
Revised Date: 9 October 2023
Accepted Date: 16 October 2023
Available Online: 20 December 2023
Fund Project: the National Natural Science Foundation of China 52174269the National Natural Science Foundation of China 52374293the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province 2021JJ10064the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province 2021JJ20062

Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have garnered global attention as a prominent solution for storing intermittent renewable energy, addressing energy scarcity, and mitigating environmental pollution. In the previous century, Sony introduced the "lithium-ion battery" concept, heralding a new era for LIBs and effectively bringing them into commercial use. The initial commercially available LIBs utilized lithium cobalt oxide as the cathode material and graphite as the anode material. Capitalizing on their attributes encompassing elevated energy density, substantial specific capacity, portability, and ecological compatibility, LIBs have secured substantial market share throughout the commercialization trajectory. Their commercial viability and scope have been markedly enhanced through the continuous advancement of LIBs' cathode materials and innovative implementations encompassing battery design, assembly, and thermal management. In recent years, the rapid expansion of sectors such as cellular phones and new energy vehicles, coupled with the drive towards "carbon peaking" and "carbon neutrality, " has propelled the robust growth of the LIBs sector, which has resulted in widespread adoption across diverse industrial domains and daily applications spanning road transportation, materials, chemicals, and information technology. However, the swift proliferation of the LIBs industry has incited an influx of end-of-life (EOL) batteries, which pose risks of flammability, explosiveness, and the presence of toxic and hazardous elements, including fluorides. These aspects collectively pose a formidable environmental and human health hazard, warranting urgent and harmless disposal measures. Simultaneously, EOL LIBs are rich reservoirs of resources like lithium, nickel, cobalt, and manganese, boasting metal contents in cathode waste that significantly exceed those found in their natural mineral counterparts, presenting a substantial opportunity for resource reclamation. Therefore, extracting valuable metals from LIBs cathode waste simultaneously addresses critical environmental and human health concerns linked to improper EOL LIBs disposal while playing a pivotal role in mitigating metal resource shortages. This dual-purpose endeavor aligns with the overarching goal of promoting sustainable resource circulation. The recovery of LIBs cathode materials is a central topic of global research discussion. This study comprehensively overviews valuable metal extraction from LIBs cathode waste using hydrometallurgical methodologies. It delves deeply into diverse approaches encompassing inorganic, organic, and deep eutectic solvents (DESs), scrutinizing environmental, technical, and industrial feasibilities. The objective is to optimize extraction techniques and mitigate their environmental impact. Furthermore, this paper meticulously discusses the utilization of environmentally friendly reducing agents like green biomass waste, coupled with the efficient and eco-conscious EOL LIBs internal cycle mechanical activation technology, to enhance the leaching of valuable metals from cathode waste. This inquiry culminates in identifying potential research avenues and challenges within the EOL LIBs recycling process.
- Lithium-ion battery,
- Leaching,
- Hydrometallurgy,
- Biomass waste,
- Mechanochemistry
1. [1]
  Lu, H.; Hou, R.; Chu, S.; Zhou, H.; Guo, S. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2023, 39, 2211057. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202211057
2. [2]
  Du, K.; Ang, E. H.; Wu, X.; Liu, Y. Energy Environ. Mater. 2022, 5, 1012. doi: 10.1002/eem2.12271 doi: 10.1002/eem2.12271
3. [3]
  Nykvist, B.; Sprei, F.; Nilsson, M. Energy Policy 2019, 124, 144. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2018.09.035 doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2018.09.035
4. [4]
  Fan, Y.; Kong, Y.; Jiang, P.; Zhang, G.; Cong, J.; Shi, X.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, P.; Zhang, R.; Huang, Y. Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 463, 142278. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.142278 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.142278
5. [5]
  Fan, M.; Chang, X.; Meng, Q.; Wan, L. J.; Guo, Y. G. SusMat 2021, 1, 241. doi: 10.1002/sus2.16 doi: 10.1002/sus2.16
6. [6]
  Zhu, A.; Bian, X.; Han, W.; Cao, D.; Wen, Y.; Zhu, K.; Wang, S. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2023, 188, 106690. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106690 doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106690
7. [7]
  Zhong, X.; Liu, W.; Han, J.; Jiao, F.; Qin, W.; Liu, T. J. Clean Prod. 2020, 263, 121439. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121439 doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121439
8. [8]
  Qin, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Luo, W.; Zhang, T.; Wang, T.; Ni, L.; Wang, H.; Zhang, N.; Liu, X.; Zhou, J.; et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 2023, 62, e202218672. doi: 10.1002/anie.202218672 doi: 10.1002/anie.202218672
9. [9]
  Zhou, L.; Zhang, K.; Hu, Z.; Tao, Z.; Mai, L.; Kang, Y. M.; Chou, S. L.; Chen, J. Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8, 1701415. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201701415 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201701415
10. [10]
  Kim, S.; Bang, J.; Yoo, J.; Shin, Y.; Bae, J.; Jeong, J.; Kim, K.; Dong, P.; Kwon, K. J. Clean Prod. 2021, 294, 126329. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126329 doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126329
11. [11]
  Wei, Q.; Wu, Y.; Li, S.; Chen, R.; Ding, J.; Zhang, C. Sci. Total Environ. 2023, 866, 161380. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161380 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161380
12. [12]
  Wang, K.; Zhang, G.; Luo, M.; Li, J. Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 472, 145006. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.145006 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.145006
13. [13]
  Mao, J.; Ye, C.; Zhang, S.; Xie, F.; Zeng, R.; Davey, K.; Guo, Z.; Qiao, S. Energy Environ. Sci. 2022, 15, 2732. doi: 10.1039/d2ee00162d doi: 10.1039/d2ee00162d
14. [14]
  Xiao, J.; Niu, B.; Xu, Z. J. Hazard. Mater. 2021, 418, 126319. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126319 doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126319
15. [15]
  Xiao, J.; Li, J.; Xu, Z. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2020, 54, 9. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03725 doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03725
16. [16]
  Zhang, S.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, X.; Ma, E. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2022, 10, 5611. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c00276 doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c00276
17. [17]
  Su, F.; Zhou, X.; Liu, X.; Yang, J.; Tang, J.; Yang, W.; Li, Z.; Wang, H.; Ma, Y. Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 455, 140914. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.140914 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.140914
18. [18]
  Rautela, R.; Yadav, B. R.; Kumar, S. J. Power Sources 2023, 580, 233428. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233428 doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233428
19. [19]
  Vieceli, N.; Benjamasutin, P.; Promphan, R.; Hellström, P.; Paulsson, M.; Petranikova, M. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2023, 11, 9662. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c01238 doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c01238
20. [20]
  Wang, M.; Liu, K.; Yu, J.; Zhang, C. C.; Zhang, Z.; Tan, Q. Circular Economy 2022, 1, 100012. doi: 10.1016/j.cec.2022.100012 doi: 10.1016/j.cec.2022.100012
21. [21]
  Zhu, S.; Li, H.; Hu, Z.; Zhang, Q.; Zhao, J.; Zhang, L. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin 2022, 38, 2103052. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202103052
22. [22]
  Liu, X.; Li, Y.; Zeng, L.; Li, X.; Chen, N.; Bai, S.; He, H.; Wang, Q.; Zhang, C. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, e2108327. doi: 10.1002/adma.202108327 doi: 10.1002/adma.202108327
23. [23]
  He, S.; Zhou, A.; Jiang, T.; Liu, Z. J. Power Sources 2023, 580, 233406. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233406 doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233406
24. [24]
  Zhang, S.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, X.; Ma, E. Waste Manage. 2023, 161, 245. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.02.031 doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.02.031
25. [25]
  Joulié, M.; Laucournet, R.; Billy, E. J. Power Sources 2014, 247, 551. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.128 doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.128
26. [26]
  Qi, Y.; Wang, M.; Yuan, L.; Chen, X. Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 466, 143030. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.143030 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.143030
27. [27]
  Chen, X.; Ma, H.; Luo, C.; Zhou, T. J. Hazard. Mater. 2017, 326, 77. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.12.021 doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.12.021
28. [28]
  Zhou, X.; Yang, W.; Liu, X.; Tang, J.; Su, F.; Li, Z.; Yang, J.; Ma, Y. Waste Manage. 2023, 155, 53. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.10.034 doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.10.034
29. [29]
  Golmohammadzadeh, R.; Rashchi, F.; Vahidi, E. Waste Manage. 2017, 64, 244. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.03.037 doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.03.037
30. [30]
  Lie, J.; Liu, J. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2021, 266, 118458. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118458 doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118458
31. [31]
  Gao, W.; Zhang, X.; Zheng, X.; Lin, X.; Cao, H.; Zhang, Y.; Sun, Z. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2017, 51, 1662. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03320 doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03320
32. [32]
  Zeng, X.; Li, J.; Shen, B. J. Hazard. Mater. 2015, 295, 112. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.02.064 doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.02.064
33. [33]
  Asadi Dalini, E.; Karimi, G.; Zandevakili, S.; Goodarzi, M. Miner. Process Extr. Metall. Rev. 2020, 42, 451. doi: 10.1080/08827508.2020.1781628 doi: 10.1080/08827508.2020.1781628
34. [34]
  Musariri, B.; Akdogan, G.; Dorfling, C.; Bradshaw, S. Miner. Eng. 2019, 137, 108. doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2019.03.027 doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2019.03.027
35. [35]
  Yao, X.; Xu, Z.; Yao, Z.; Cheng, W.; Gao, H.; Zhao, Q.; Li, J.; Zhou, A. Mater. Today Commun. 2019, 19, 262. doi: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2019.02.001 doi: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2019.02.001
36. [36]
  Meshram, P.; Mishra, A.; Abhilash; Sahu, R. Chemosphere 2020, 242, 125291. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125291 doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125291
37. [37]
  Li, P.; Luo, S. H.; Su, F.; Zhang, L.; Yan, S.; Lei, X.; Mu, W.; Wang, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, X.; et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 14, 11359. doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c23258 doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c23258
38. [38]
  Zhang, J.; Hu, X.; He, T.; Yuan, X.; Li, X.; Shi, H.; Yang, L.; Shao, P.; Wang, C.; Luo, X. Waste Manage. 2023, 165, 19. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.04.020 doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.04.020
39. [39]
  Gao, G.; Luo, X.; Lou, X.; Guo, Y.; Su, R.; Guan, J.; Li, Y.; Yuan, H.; Dai, J.; Jiao, Z. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manage. 2019, 21, 942. doi: 10.1007/s10163-019-00850-4 doi: 10.1007/s10163-019-00850-4
40. [40]
  Chen, H.; Gu, S.; Guo, Y.; Dai, X.; Zeng, L.; Wang, K.; He, C.; Dodbiba, G.; Wei, Y.; Fujita, T. Hydrometallurgy 2021, 205, 105746. doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2021.105746 doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2021.105746
41. [41]
  Zhuang, L.; Sun, C.; Zhou, T.; Li, H.; Dai, A. Waste Manage. 2019, 85, 175. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.12.034 doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.12.034
42. [42]
  Fu, Y.; He, Y.; Chen, H.; Ye, C.; Lu, Q.; Li, R.; Xie, W.; Wang, J. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 2019, 79, 154. doi: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.06.023 doi: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.06.023
43. [43]
  Roy, J. J.; Zaiden, N.; Do, M. P.; Cao, B.; Srinivasan, M. Joule 2023, 7, 450. doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2023.01.004 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2023.01.004
44. [44]
  Echavarri-Bravo, V.; Amari, H.; Hartley, J.; Maddalena, G.; Kirk, C.; Tuijtel, M. W.; Browning, N. D.; Horsfall, L. E. Green Chem. 2022, 24, 8512. doi: 10.1039/d2gc02450k doi: 10.1039/d2gc02450k
45. [45]
  Mishra, D.; Kim, D. J.; Ralph, D. E.; Ahn, J. G.; Rhee, Y. H. Waste Manage. 2008, 28, 333. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2007.01.010 doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2007.01.010
46. [46]
  Xin, B.; Zhang, D.; Zhang, X.; Xia, Y.; Wu, F.; Chen, S.; Li, L. Bioresour. Technol. 2009, 100, 6163. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.086 doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.086
47. [47]
  Zeng, G.; Deng, X.; Luo, S.; Luo, X.; Zou, J. J. Hazard. Mater. 2012, 199–200, 164. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.10.063 doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.10.063
48. [48]
  Liao, X.; Ye, M.; Liang, J.; Li, S.; Liu, Z.; Deng, Y.; Guan, Z.; Gan, Q.; Fang, X.; Sun, S. J. Clean Prod. 2022, 380, 134991. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134991 doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134991
49. [49]
  Jegan Roy, J.; Srinivasan, M.; Cao, B. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2021, 9, 3060. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c06573 doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c06573
50. [50]
  Do, M. P.; Jegan Roy, J.; Cao, B.; Srinivasan, M. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2022, 10, 2634. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c06885 doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c06885
51. [51]
  Roy, J. J.; Madhavi, S.; Cao, B. J. Clean Prod. 2021, 280, 124242. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124242 doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124242
52. [52]
  Moazzam, P.; Boroumand, Y.; Rabiei, P.; Baghbaderani, S. S.; Mokarian, P.; Mohagheghian, F.; Mohammed, L. J.; Razmjou, A. Chemosphere 2021, 277, 130196. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130196 doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130196
53. [53]
  Biswal, B. K.; Jadhav, U. U.; Madhaiyan, M.; Ji, L.; Yang, E. H.; Cao, B. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2018, 6, 12343. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b02810 doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b02810
54. [54]
  Bahaloo-Horeh, N.; Mousavi, S. M. Waste Manage. 2017, 60, 666. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.10.034 doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.10.034
55. [55]
  Lobos, A. Bioleaching Potential of Filamentous Fungi to Mobilize Lithium and Cobalt from Spent Rechargeable Li-Ion Batteries. M. S. Dissertation, University of South Florida, Florida, 2017.
56. [56]
  Wu, C.; Li, B.; Yuan, C.; Ni, S.; Li, L. Waste Manage. 2019, 93, 153. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.04.039 doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.04.039
57. [57]
  Qi, Y.; Meng, F.; Yi, X.; Shu, J.; Chen, M.; Sun, Z.; Sun, S.; Xiu, F. R. J. Clean Prod. 2020, 251, 119665. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119665 doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119665
58. [58]
  Wang, C.; Wang, S.; Yan, F.; Zhang, Z.; Shen, X.; Zhang, Z. Waste Manage. 2020, 114, 253. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.07.008 doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.07.008
59. [59]
  Ma, Y.; Tang, J.; Wanaldi, R.; Zhou, X.; Wang, H.; Zhou, C.; Yang, J. J. Hazard. Mater. 2021, 402, 123491. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123491 doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123491
60. [60]
  Wang, H.; Huang, K.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, X.; Jin, W.; Zheng, S.; Zhang, Y.; Li, P. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2017, 5, 11489. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b02700 doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b02700
61. [61]
  Smith, E. L.; Abbott, A. P.; Ryder, K. S. Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 11060. doi: 10.1021/cr300162p doi: 10.1021/cr300162p
62. [62]
  Padwal, C.; Pham, H. D.; Jadhav, S.; Do, T. T.; Nerkar, J.; Hoang, L. T. M.; Kumar Nanjundan, A.; Mundree, S. G.; Dubal, D. P. Adv. Energy Sustain. Res. 2021, 3, 2100133. doi: 10.1002/aesr.202100133 doi: 10.1002/aesr.202100133
63. [63]
  Han, H.; Chen, L.; Zhao, J.; Yu, H.; Wang, Y.; Yan, H.; Wang, Y.; Xue, Z.; Mu, T. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2023, 39, 2212043. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202212043
64. [64]
  Pateli, I. M.; Thompson, D.; Alabdullah, S. S. M.; Abbott, A. P.; Jenkin, G. R. T.; Hartley, J. M. Green Chem. 2020, 22, 5476. doi: 10.1039/d0gc02023k doi: 10.1039/d0gc02023k
65. [65]
  Wang, K.; Hu, T.; Shi, P.; Min, Y.; Wu, J.; Xu, Q. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2021, 10, 1149. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c06381 doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c06381
66. [66]
  Wang, S.; Zhang, Z.; Lu, Z.; Xu, Z. Green Chem. 2020, 22, 4473. doi: 10.1039/d0gc00701c doi: 10.1039/d0gc00701c
67. [67]
  Chang, X.; Fan, M.; Gu, C. F.; He, W. H.; Meng, Q.; Wan, L. J.; Guo, Y. G. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 2022, 61, e202202558. doi: 10.1002/anie.202202558 doi: 10.1002/anie.202202558
68. [68]
  Chen, L.; Chao, Y.; Li, X.; Zhou, G.; Lu, Q.; Hua, M.; Li, H.; Ni, X.; Wu, P.; Zhu, W. Green Chem. 2021, 23, 2177. doi: 10.1039/d0gc03820b doi: 10.1039/d0gc03820b
69. [69]
  He, X.; Wen, Y.; Wang, X.; Cui, Y.; Li, L.; Ma, H. Waste Manage. 2023, 157, 8. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.11.044 doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.11.044
70. [70]
  Chen, Y.; Liu, C.; Wang, Y.; Tian, Y.; Li, Y.; Feng, M.; Guo, Y.; Han, J.; Mu, T. Energy Fuels 2023, 37, 5361. doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c00313 doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c00313
71. [71]
  Yang, Z.; Tang, S.; Huo, X.; Zhang, M.; Guo, M. Environ. Res. 2023, 233, 116337. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116337 doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116337
72. [72]
  Tang, S.; Zhang, M.; Guo, M. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2022, 10, 975. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c06902 doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c06902
73. [73]
  Huang, F.; Li, T.; Yan, X.; Xiong, Y.; Zhang, X.; Lu, S.; An, N.; Huang, W.; Guo, Q.; Ge, X. ACS Omega 2022, 7, 11452. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00742 doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00742
74. [74]
  Tran, M. K.; Rodrigues, M. T. F.; Kato, K.; Babu, G.; Ajayan, P. M. Nat. Energy 2019, 4, 339. doi: 10.1038/s41560-019-0368-4 doi: 10.1038/s41560-019-0368-4
75. [75]
  Wang, H.; Li, M.; Garg, S.; Wu, Y.; Nazmi Idros, M.; Hocking, R.; Duan, H.; Gao, S.; Yago, A. J.; Zhuang, L.; et al. ChemSusChem 2021, 14, 2972. doi: 10.1002/cssc.202100954 doi: 10.1002/cssc.202100954
76. [76]
  Hua, Y.; Sun, Y.; Yan, F.; Wang, S.; Xu, Z.; Zhao, B.; Zhang, Z. Chem. Eng. J. 2022, 436, 133200. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.133200 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.133200
77. [77]
  Binnemans, K.; Jones, P. T. J. Sust. Metall. 2023, 9, 423. doi: 10.1007/s40831-023-00681-6 doi: 10.1007/s40831-023-00681-6
78. [78]
  Meshram, P.; Pandey, B. D.; Mankhand, T. R. Chem. Eng. J. 2015, 281, 418. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.06.071 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.06.071
79. [79]
  Chen, X.; Luo, C.; Zhang, J.; Kong, J.; Zhou, T. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2015, 3, 3104. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b01000 doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b01000
80. [80]
  Chen, Y.; Chang, D.; Liu, N.; Hu, F.; Peng, C.; Zhou, X.; He, J.; Jie, Y.; Wang, H.; Wilson, B. P.; et al. Jom 2019, 71, 4465. doi: 10.1007/s11837-019-03775-3 doi: 10.1007/s11837-019-03775-3
81. [81]
  Wu, Z.; Soh, T.; Chan, J. J.; Meng, S.; Meyer, D.; Srinivasan, M.; Tay, C. Y. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2020, 54, 9681. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02873 doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02873
82. [82]
  Guo, Y.; Li, Y.; Lou, X.; Guan, J.; Li, Y.; Mai, X.; Liu, H.; Zhao, C. X.; Wang, N.; Yan, C.; et al. J. Mater. Sci. 2018, 53, 13790. doi: 10.1007/s10853-018-2229-0 doi: 10.1007/s10853-018-2229-0
83. [83]
  Li, D.; Zhang, B.; Ou, X.; Zhang, J.; Meng, K.; Ji, G.; Li, P.; Xu, J. Chin. Chem. Lett. 2021, 32, 2333. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.11.074 doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.11.074
84. [84]
  Jiang, Y.; Chen, X.; Yan, S.; Ou, Y.; Zhou, T. Green Chem. 2022, 24, 5987. doi: 10.1039/d2gc01929a doi: 10.1039/d2gc01929a
85. [85]
  Wang, M.; Liu, K.; Xu, Z.; Dutta, S.; Valix, M.; Alessi, D. S.; Huang, L.; Zimmerman, J. B.; Tsang, D. C. W. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2023, 57, 3940. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07689 doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07689
86. [86]
  Saeki, S.; Lee, J.; Zhang, Q.; Saito, F. Int. J. Miner. Process. 2004, 74, S373. doi: 10.1016/j.minpro.2004.08.002 doi: 10.1016/j.minpro.2004.08.002
87. [87]
  Guan, J.; Li, Y.; Guo, Y.; Su, R.; Gao, G.; Song, H.; Yuan, H.; Liang, B.; Guo, Z. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2016, 5, 1026. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02337 doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02337
88. [88]
  Xie, J.; Huang, K.; Nie, Z.; Yuan, W.; Wang, X.; Song, Q.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, C.; Wang, J.; Crittenden, J. C. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2021, 168, 105261. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105261 doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105261
89. [89]
  Liang, Z.; Peng, G.; Hu, J.; Hou, H.; Cai, C.; Yang, X.; Chen, S.; Liu, L.; Liang, S.; Xiao, K.; et al. Waste Manage. 2022, 150, 290. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.07.014 doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.07.014
90. [90]
  Cai, L.; Lin, J.; Fan, E.; Wu, F.; Chen, R.; Li, L. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2022, 10, 10649. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c02553 doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c02553
91. [91]
  Wang, M.; Tan, Q.; Li, J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2018, 52, 13136. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03469 doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03469
92. [92]
  Rao, F.; Sun, Z.; Lv, W.; Zhang, X.; Guan, J.; Zheng, X. Waste Manage. 2023, 156, 247. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.11.042 doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.11.042
93. [93]
  Yu, J.; Li, J.; Zhang, S.; Wei, F.; Liu, Y.; Li, J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2023, 120, e2217698120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2217698120 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2217698120
1. [1]
  Qingtang ZHANG , Xiaoyu WU , Zheng WANG , Xiaomei WANG . Performance of nano Li₂FeSiO₄/C cathode material co-doped by potassium and chlorine ions. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1689-1696. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240115
2. [2]
  Yifeng Xu , Jiquan Liu , Bin Cui , Yan Li , Gang Xie , Ying Yang . “Xiao Li’s School Adventures: The Working Principles and Safety Risks of Lithium-ion Batteries”. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(9): 259-265. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404009
3. [3]
  Xintong Zhu , Bin Cao , Chong Yan , Cheng Tang , Aibing Chen , Qiang Zhang . Advances in coating strategies for graphite anodes in lithium-ion batteries. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(9): 100096-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100096
4. [4]
  Jingshuo Zhang , Yue Zhai , Ziyun Zhao , Jiaxing He , Wei Wei , Jing Xiao , Shichao Wu , Quan-Hong Yang . Research Progress of Functional Binders in Silicon-Based Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(6): 2306006-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202306006
5. [5]
  Qi Li , Pingan Li , Zetong Liu , Jiahui Zhang , Hao Zhang , Weilai Yu , Xianluo Hu . Fabricating Micro/Nanostructured Separators and Electrode Materials by Coaxial Electrospinning for Lithium-Ion Batteries: From Fundamentals to Applications. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2311030-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202311030
6. [6]
  Ying Li , Yushen Zhao , Kai Chen , Xu Liu , Tingfeng Yi , Li-Feng Chen . Rational Design of Cross-Linked N-Doped C-Sn Nanofibers as Free-Standing Electrodes towards High-Performance Li-Ion Battery Anodes. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(3): 2305007-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202305007
7. [7]
  Aoyu Huang , Jun Xu , Yu Huang , Gui Chu , Mao Wang , Lili Wang , Yongqi Sun , Zhen Jiang , Xiaobo Zhu . Tailoring Electrode-Electrolyte Interfaces via a Simple Slurry Additive for Stable High-Voltage Lithium-Ion Batteries. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(4): 2408007-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202408007
8. [8]
  Zhihuan XU , Qing KANG , Yuzhen LONG , Qian YUAN , Cidong LIU , Xin LI , Genghuai TANG , Yuqing LIAO . Effect of graphene oxide concentration on the electrochemical properties of reduced graphene oxide/ZnS. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1329-1336. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230447
9. [9]
  Yuanchao LI , Weifeng HUANG , Pengchao LIANG , Zifang ZHAO , Baoyan XING , Dongliang YAN , Li YANG , Songlin WANG . Effect of heterogeneous dual carbon sources on electrochemical properties of LiMn_0.8Fe_0.2PO₄/C composites. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(4): 751-760. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230252
10. [10]
  Xinpeng LIU , Liuyang ZHAO , Hongyi LI , Yatu CHEN , Aimin WU , Aikui LI , Hao HUANG . Ga₂O₃ coated modification and electrochemical performance of Li_1.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13O₂ cathode material. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(6): 1105-1113. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230488
11. [11]
  Yuting ZHANG , Zunyi LIU , Ning LI , Dongqiang ZHANG , Shiling ZHAO , Yu ZHAO . Nickel vanadate anode material with high specific surface area through improved co-precipitation method: Preparation and electrochemical properties. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(11): 2163-2174. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240204
12. [12]
  Liangliang Song , Haoyan Liang , Shunqing Li , Bao Qiu , Zhaoping Liu . Challenges and strategies on high-manganese Li-rich layered oxide cathodes for ultrahigh-energy-density batteries. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(8): 100085-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100085
13. [13]
  Hengyi ZHU , Liyun JU , Haoyue ZHANG , Jiaxin DU , Yutong XIE , Li SONG , Yachao JIN , Mingdao ZHANG . Efficient regeneration of waste LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ cathode toward high-performance Li-ion battery. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(4): 625-638. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240358
14. [14]
  Chenyue Huang , Hongfei Zheng , Ning Qin , Canpei Wang , Liguang Wang , Jun Lu . Single-Crystal Nickel-Rich Cathode Materials: Challenges and Strategies. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(9): 2308051-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202308051
15. [15]
  Junke LIU , Kungui ZHENG , Wenjing SUN , Gaoyang BAI , Guodong BAI , Zuwei YIN , Yao ZHOU , Juntao LI . Preparation of modified high-nickel layered cathode with LiAlO₂/cyclopolyacrylonitrile dual-functional coating. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(8): 1461-1473. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240189
16. [16]
  Xueyu Lin , Ruiqi Wang , Wujie Dong , Fuqiang Huang . Rational Design of Bimetallic Oxide Anodes for Superior Li⁺ Storage. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(3): 2311005-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202311005
17. [17]
  Xuechen Hu , Qiuying Xia , Fan Yue , Xinyi He , Zhenghao Mei , Jinshi Wang , Hui Xia , Xiaodong Huang . Electrochemical Characteristics of LiNbO₃ Anode Film and Its Applications in All-Solid-State Thin-Film Lithium-Ion Battery. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(2): 2309046-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202309046
18. [18]
  Ye Wang , Ruixiang Ge , Xiang Liu , Jing Li , Haohong Duan . An Anion Leaching Strategy towards Metal Oxyhydroxides Synthesis for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Glycerol. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(7): 2307019-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202307019
19. [19]
  Jiaxuan Zuo , Kun Zhang , Jing Wang , Xifei Li . Nucleation Regulation and Mechanism of Precursors for Nickel Cobalt Manganese-based Cathode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(1): 100009-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202404042
20. [20]
  Wentao Xu , Xuyan Mo , Yang Zhou , Zuxian Weng , Kunling Mo , Yanhua Wu , Xinlin Jiang , Dan Li , Tangqi Lan , Huan Wen , Fuqin Zheng , Youjun Fan , Wei Chen . Bimetal Leaching Induced Reconstruction of Water Oxidation Electrocatalyst for Enhanced Activity and Stability. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(8): 2308003-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202308003

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(11)
Abstract views(854)
HTML views(132)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142