Citation: Jian Yang, Chen Lei, Xiang Liu, Jian Zhang, Yudie Sun, Cheng Zhang, Mingfu Ye, Kui Zhang. Versatile Performance of a Cationic Surfactant Derived from Carbon Quantum Dots[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2022, 38(12): 211103. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202111030 shu

Versatile Performance of a Cationic Surfactant Derived from Carbon Quantum Dots

Jian Yang ¹ ,
Chen Lei ¹ ,
Xiang Liu ^1,, ,
Jian Zhang ¹ ,
Yudie Sun ¹ ,
Cheng Zhang ¹ ,
Mingfu Ye ^{1, 2} ,
Kui Zhang ^1,,

1.
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, Anhui Province, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Wind Energy and Solar Energy Technology (Ministry of Education), Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China

Corresponding author: Xiang Liu, liuxiang@ahut.edu.cn Kui Zhang, zhangkui@mail.ustc.edu.cn
Received Date: 22 November 2021
Revised Date: 6 December 2021
Accepted Date: 7 December 2021
Available Online: 10 December 2021
Fund Project: the National Natural Science Foundation of China 22106005the National Natural Science Foundation of China 22004003the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21976002

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have attracted extensive interest due to their strong fluorescence as well as inexpensive and plentiful resources for manufacture. There are numerous published reports on the preparation of CQDs and direct applications based on their photoluminescence. Successive chemical modification of CQDs in an appropriate manner might expand the application scope of CQDs and transform them into practical fine chemicals. The various functional groups on the surface of CQDs allow for efficient chemical modification while imparting them with hydrophilicity. Covalent linking of hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains to CQDs would lead to the formation of novel surfactants. Here, a technique for preparing CQD-based cationic surfactants is depicted in detail. This was rare to be reported according to recent publishes. First, a mixture of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and ethylenediamine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous medium was pyrolyzed at 180 ℃ for 60 min. The resulting CQDs are represented as OX-CQDs. Then, the OX-CQDs were subjected to quaternization with 1-chlorododecane for obtaining the cationic surfactant (OX-CQDs-C₁₂H₂₅). The OX-CQDs-C₁₂H₂₅ surfactant effectively decreased the surface tension of water from 72.0 to 26.7 mN∙m⁻¹ at the critical micelle concentration of 5.0 mg∙mL⁻¹, thus demonstrating superior performance over several new Gemini cationic surfactants. The OX-CQDs-C₁₂H₂₅ surfactant also decreased the contact angles of water considerably. However, when longer alkyl chains such as －C₁₄H₂₉ or －C₁₆H₃₃ were attached to the CQDs, the corresponding surfactant was less effective in decreasing the surface tension of water. Calculations based on the Gibbs absorption isothermal equation revealed that two more －C₁₂H₂₅ chains were bonded with a carbon quantum dot averagely, implying that the as-prepared CQD-cationic surfactant belonged to the category of Gemini surfactants. Quaternization with 1-chlorododecane also led to a notable enhancement in the antibacterial activity for Escherichia coli as compared with that of unmodified CQDs. The antibacterial percentage approached 100% even the solution was diluted to 0.41 mg∙mL⁻¹, which was much lower than the critical micelle concentration. The fluorescence quantum yield of OX-CQDs-C₁₂H₂₅ reached 6.44%. Experimental results revealed that hydrogen peroxide played a positive role in improving the surface activity and fluorescence quantum yield of OX-CQDs-C₁₂H₂₅. The surface activity, antibiosis, and fluorescence endowed the versatilities of OX-CQDs-C₁₂H₂₅. This novel, economical technique for synthesizing cationic surfactants eliminates the need for introducing hydrophilic groups. The hydrothermal approach for preparing CQDs satisfies the demand for green chemical synthesis. From this aspect, our technique provides efficient access to synthesizing cationic surfactants.
- Carbon quantum dot,
- Quaternization,
- Cationic surfactant,
- Surface activity,
- Fluorescence,
- Antibiosis
1. [1]
  Hu, C.; Mu, Y.; Li, M.; Qiu, J. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2019, 35, 572. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201806060
2. [2]
  Zhu, J.; Dong, Y.; Zhang, S.; Fan, Z. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2020, 36, 1903052. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201903052
3. [3]
  Zhu, H.; Wang, X.; Li, Y.; Wang, Z.; Yang, F.; Yang, X. Chem. Commun. 2009, 5118. doi: 10.1039/b907612c doi: 10.1039/b907612c
4. [4]
  Peng, H.; Travas-Sejdic, J. Chem. Mater. 2009, 21, 5563. doi: 10.1021/cm901593y doi: 10.1021/cm901593y
5. [5]
  Yang, S.; Wang, X.; Wang, H.; Lu, F.; Luo, P. G.; Cao, L.; Meziani, M. J.; Liu, J.; Liu, Y.; Chen, M.; et al. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 18110. doi: 10.1021/jp9085969 doi: 10.1021/jp9085969
6. [6]
  Yang, S.; Cao, L.; Luo, P. G.; Lu, F.; Wang, X.; Wang, H.; Meziani, M. J.; Liu, Y.; Qi, G.; Sun, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 11308. doi: 10.1021/ja904843x doi: 10.1021/ja904843x
7. [7]
  Park, S. J.; Park, J. Y.; Chung, J. W.; Yang, H. K.; Moon, B. K.; Yi, S. S. Chem. Eng. J. 2020, 383, 123200. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.123200 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.123200
8. [8]
  Jiang, L.; Ding, H.; Xu, M.; Hu, X.; Li, S.; Zhang, M.; Zhang, Q.; Wang, Q.; Lu, S.; Tian, Y.; Bi, H. Small 2020, 16, 2000680. doi: 10.1002/smll.202000680 doi: 10.1002/smll.202000680
9. [9]
  Jiang, K.; Sun, S.; Zhang, L.; Lu, Y.; Wu, A.; Cai, C.; Lin, H. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 2015, 54, 5360. doi: 10.1002/anie.201501193 doi: 10.1002/anie.201501193
10. [10]
  He, J.; He, Y.; Chen, Y.; Zhang, X.; Hu, C.; Zhuang, J.; Lei, B.; Liu, Y. Chem. Eng. J. 2018, 347, 505. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.04.110 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.04.110
11. [11]
  Wang, S.; Chen, Z.; Cole, I.; Li, Q. Carbon 2015, 82, 304. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.10.075 doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.10.075
12. [12]
  Pan, D.; Zhang, J.; Li, Z.; Wu, C.; Yan, X.; Wu, M. Chem. Commun. 2010, 46, 3681. doi: 10.1039/C000114G doi: 10.1039/C000114G
13. [13]
  Yang, Z.; Wang, M.; Yong, A. M.; Wong, S. Y.; Zhang, X.; Tan, H.; Chang, A. Y.; Li, X.; Wang, J. Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 11615. doi: 10.1039/c1cc14860e doi: 10.1039/c1cc14860e
14. [14]
  Ghosh, S.; Ghosal, K.; Mohammad, S. A.; Sarkar, K. Chem. Eng. J. 2019, 373, 468. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.05.023 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.05.023
15. [15]
  Zhao, S.; Wu, S.; Jia, Q.; Huang, L.; Lan, M.; Wang, P.; Zhang, W. Chem. Eng. J. 2020, 388, 124212. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.124212 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.124212
16. [16]
  Dong, Y.; Shao, J.; Chen, C.; Li, H.; Wang, R.; Chi, Y.; Lin, X.; Chen, G. Carbon 2012, 50, 4738. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.06.002 doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.06.002
17. [17]
  Wu, P.; Xiong, Y.; Lei, C.; Li, Y.; Liu, X.; Zhang, C.; Sun, Y.; Zhang, J.; Lee, C.; Zhang, K. Dyes Pigments 2021, 195, 109750. doi: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2021.109750 doi: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2021.109750
18. [18]
  Jiang, X.; Huang, J.; Chen, T.; Zhao, Q.; Xu, F.; Zhang, X. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020, 153, 412. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.026 doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.026
19. [19]
  Zhang, W.; Wu, B.; Li, Z.; Wang, Y.; Zhou, J.; Li, Y. Spectrochim. Acta A 2020, 229, 117931. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117931 doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117931
20. [20]
  Wang, Y.; Zhang, C.; Chen, X.; Yang, B.; Yang, L.; Jiang, C.; Zhang, Z. Nanoscale 2016, 8, 5977. doi: 10.1039/C6NR00430J doi: 10.1039/C6NR00430J
21. [21]
  Chen, X.; Sun, C.; Liu, Y.; Yu, L.; Zhang, K.; Asiri, A. M.; Marwani, H. M.; Tan, H.; Ai, Y.; Wang, X.; Wang, S. Chem. Eng. J. 2020, 379, 122360. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.122360 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.122360
22. [22]
  Kuai, Y.; Fang, R.; Zhang, C.; Liu, X.; Ma, L. Mater. Res. Bull. 2018, 104, 119. doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2018.03.008 doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2018.03.008
23. [23]
  Liu, C.; Zhang, P.; Zhai, X.; Tian, F.; Li, W.; Yang, J.; Liu, Y.; Wang, H.; Wang, W.; Liu, W. Biomaterials 2012, 33, 3604. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.01.052 doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.01.052
24. [24]
  Han, G.; Zhao, J.; Zhang, R.; Tian, X.; Liu, Z.; Wang, A.; Liu, R.; Liu, B.; Han, M. Y.; Gao, X.; Zhang, Z. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 2019, 58, 7087. doi: 10.1002/anie.201903005 doi: 10.1002/anie.201903005
25. [25]
  Xiong, Y.; Schneider, J.; Ushakova, E. V.; Rogach, A. L. Nano Today 2018, 23, 124. doi: 10.1016/j.nantod.2018.10.010 doi: 10.1016/j.nantod.2018.10.010
26. [26]
  Wang, L.; Zhu, S.; Wang, H.; Qu, S.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, J.; Chen, Q.; Xu, H.; Han, W.; Yang, B.; Sun, H. ACS Nano 2014, 8, 2541. doi: 10.1021/nn500368m doi: 10.1021/nn500368m
27. [27]
  Xiong, Y.; Schneider, J.; Reckmeier, C. J.; Huang, H.; Kasák, P.; Rogach, A. L. Nanoscale 2017, 9, 11730. doi: 10.1039/C7NR03648E doi: 10.1039/C7NR03648E
28. [28]
  Jiang, L.; Ding, H.; Lu, S.; Geng, T.; Xiao, G.; Zou, B.; Bi, H. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 2020, 59, 9986. doi: 10.1002/anie.201913800 doi: 10.1002/anie.201913800
29. [29]
  Wu, S.; Zhou, R.; Chen, H.; Zhang, J.; Wu, P. Nanoscale 2020, 12, 5543. doi: 10.1039/C9NR10986B doi: 10.1039/C9NR10986B
30. [30]
  Shao, J.; Zhu, S.; Liu, H.; Song, Y.; Tao, S.; Yang, B. Adv. Sci. 2017, 4, 1700395. doi: 10.1002/advs.201700395 doi: 10.1002/advs.201700395
31. [31]
  Barman, M. K.; Jana, B.; Bhattacharyya, S.; Patra, A. J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 20034. doi: 10.1021/jp507080c doi: 10.1021/jp507080c
32. [32]
  Ma, Z.; Ming, H.; Huang, H.; Liu, Y.; Kang, Z. New J. Chem. 2012, 36, 861. doi: 10.1039/c2nj20942j doi: 10.1039/c2nj20942j
33. [33]
  Fang, R.; Zhang, C.; Kuai, Y.; Liu, X.; Zhang, C. J. Lumin. 2019, 209, 404. doi: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2019.01.067 doi: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2019.01.067
34. [34]
  Lei, C.; Fang, R.; Zhang, C.; Liu, X.; Zhang, C. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 2019, 163, 7. doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.01.013 doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.01.013
35. [35]
  Ding, H.; Yu, S.; Wei, J.; Xiong, H. ACS Nano 2016, 10, 484. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05406 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05406
36. [36]
  Wang, C.; Shi, H.; Yang, M.; Yan, Y.; Liu, E.; Ji, Z.; Fan, J. Mater. Res. Bull. 2020, 124, 110730. doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2019.110730 doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2019.110730
37. [37]
  Dou, Q.; Fang, X.; Jiang, S.; Chee, P. L.; Lee, T.; Loh, X. J. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 46817. doi: 10.1039/C5RA07968C doi: 10.1039/C5RA07968C
38. [38]
  Akram, M.; Yousuf, S.; Sarwar, T.; Kabir-Ud-Din. Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 2014, 441, 281. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.09.007 doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.09.007
39. [39]
  Senra, T. D. A.; Khoukh, A.; Desbrières, J. Carbohyd. Polym. 2017, 156, 182. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.025 doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.025
40. [40]
  Bernardez, L. A. Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 2008, 324, 71. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.03.027 doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.03.027
41. [41]
  Yang, J.; Gao, G.; Zhang, X.; Ma, Y.; Chen, X.; Wu, F. Carbon 2019, 146, 827. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2019.02.040 doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2019.02.040
42. [42]
  Wang, Y.; Jiang, Y.; Geng, T.; Ju, H.; Duan, S. Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 2019, 563, 1. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.11.061 doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.11.061
43. [43]
  Zhi, L.; Li, Q.; Li, Y.; Song, Y. Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 2013, 436, 684. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.08.009 doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.08.009
44. [44]
  Abe, M.; Tsubone, K.; Koike, T.; Tsuchiya, K.; Ohkubo, T.; Sakai, H. Langmuir 2006, 22, 8293. doi: 10.1021/la060156y doi: 10.1021/la060156y
45. [45]
  Xie, Y.; Li, J.; Li, Z.; Sun, T.; Wang, Y.; Qu, G. RSC Adv. 2018, 8, 36015. doi: 10.1039/C8RA06900J doi: 10.1039/C8RA06900J
46. [46]
  Wang, W.; Zeng, Z.; Zeng, G.; Zhang, C.; Xiao, R.; Zhou, C.; Xiong, W.; Yang, Y.; Lei, L.; Liu, Y.; et al. Chem. Eng. J. 2019, 378, 122132. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.122132 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.122132
1. [1]
  Manman Ou , Yunjian Zhu , Jiahao Liu , Zhaoxuan Liu , Jianjun Wang , Jun Sun , Chuanxiang Qin , Lixing Dai . Polyvinyl alcohol fiber with enhanced strength and modulus and intense cyan fluorescence based on covalently functionalized graphene quantum dots. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 110510-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110510
2. [2]
  Ying Xu , Yan Pu , Qiong Zhang , Xi Kang , Manzhou Zhu . Order-by-order control over the nonlinear optical properties of atomically precise nanoclusters. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2025, 44(10): 100735-100735. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100735
3. [3]
  Ying Xu , Chengying Shen , Hailong Yuan , Wei Wu . Mapping multiple phases in curcumin binary solid dispersions by fluorescence contrasting. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109324-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109324
4. [4]
  Xiangrong Xu , Lifeng Zhang , Ming Zhang , Yiyang Zhang , Lei Yu . Surface functionalization of polyaniline via click reaction for the preparation of luminescent conductive materials. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(10): 112229-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112229
5. [5]
  Deshuai Zhen , Chunlin Liu , Qiuhui Deng , Shaoqi Zhang , Ningman Yuan , Le Li , Yu Liu . A review of covalent organic frameworks for metal ion fluorescence sensing. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109249-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109249
6. [6]
  Kaihang Sheng , Yanshuai Wang , Siyuan Yin , Xiuling Li , Xinya Zhang , Xiaowei Li , Dechao Niu . Gold nanorods-loaded quaternized mesoporous silica nanospheres with synergistic adhesion and photothermal antibacterial mechanism for diabetic wound healing. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(8): 111852-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111852
7. [7]
  Haitao Ren , Zongcheng Miao , Xiangbo Feng , Abdelkader Labidi , Yuzhen Zhao , Chuanyi Wang . Modulating the built-in electric field of S-scheme heterojunction via oxygen vacancies for boosting photocatalytic ciprofloxacin degradation. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(10): 112557-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112557
8. [8]
  Junqing Wu , Yiyang Zhang , Qingqing Hong , Hui Yang , Lifeng Zhang , Ming Zhang , Lei Yu . Organometallic modification of silica with europium endowing the fluorescence properties: The key technique for numerical quality monitoring. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 110165-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110165
9. [9]
  Yue Li , Qianyu Ding , Wansheng Liu , Yimeng Sun , Liyao Liu , Ye Zou , Yutao Cui , Jia Zhu , Chongan Di , Daoben Zhu . Bipyridine-bridged Φ-shaped cyclo[8]thiophene[2]pyrrole: Synthesis and fluorescence properties. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(2): 111989-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111989
10. [10]
  Xu Sun , Mengchen Luo , Xinyu Xie , Mengyao Liu , Weili Wang , Tian Zhang , Lei An , Jinjun Shao , Xiaochen Dong , Yu Cai . Thienothiadiazole-based NIR-Ⅱ D-A-D dye for fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging-navigated photothermal therapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(6): 111509-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111509
11. [11]
  Kunda Yao , Yue Shen , Chao Chen , Fengxiang Qin , Shuyan Song , Xiaochen Dong , Wei Liu . Physically and chemically crosslinked rare-earth-doped hydrogels with dual fluorescence/conductive sensing abilities. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(10): 111531-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111531
12. [12]
  Kuan Deng , Fei Yang , Zhi-Qi Cheng , Bi-Wen Ren , Hua Liu , Jiao Chen , Meng-Yao She , Le Yu , Xiao-Gang Liu , Hai-Tao Feng , Jian-Li Li . Construction of wavelength-tunable DSE quinoline salt derivatives by regulating the hybridization form of the nitrogen atom and intramolecular torsion angle. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109464-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109464
13. [13]
  Mengfan Zhang , Lingyan Liu , Peng Wei , Wei Feng , Tao Yi . A proximity tagging strategy utilizing an activated aldehyde group as the active site. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 110127-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110127
14. [14]
  Ying Wang , Hong Yang , Caixia Zhu , Qing Hong , Xuwen Cao , Kaiyuan Wang , Yuan Xu , Yanfei Shen , Songqin Liu , Yuanjian Zhang . Cascading oxidoreductases-like nanozymes for high selective and sensitive fluorescent detection of ascorbic acid. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 110153-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110153
15. [15]
  Hao Zhang , Hao Liu , Ke Huang , Qingxiu Xia , Hongjie Xiong , Xiaohui Liu , Hui Jiang , Xuemei Wang . Ionic exchange based intracellular self-assembly of pitaya-structured nanoparticles for tumor imaging. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(6): 110281-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110281
16. [16]
  Yue Cao , Yue Lin , Li Chen , Huimin Niu , Renli Wei , Shuqian Qiu , Anjie Wang , Xiaoai Cao , Xiaofeng Lai , Yongshou Chen , Juanjuan Lin , Shuiliang Wang , Zhenyu Lin , Shenghang Zhang . Screening of glial fibrillary acidic protein specific aptamer and application in the development of fluorescent biosensor based on isothermal amplification strategy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(5): 111616-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111616
17. [17]
  Yumei Wu , Zhengjun Chen , Yuan Shen , Deying Tang , Huaiyu Mo , Zihan Chen , Hongyu Li , Zhe Zheng , Chunju Li , Jie Gao , Zeli Yuan . Water-soluble thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-based AIEgens for universal and Level 3 resolved latent fingerprint visualization. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(9): 111889-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111889
18. [18]
  Peide Zhu , Yangjia Liu , Yaoyao Tang , Siqi Zhu , Xinyang Liu , Lei Yin , Quan Liu , Zhiqiang Yu , Quan Xu , Dixian Luo , Juncheng Wang . Bi-doped carbon quantum dots functionalized liposomes with fluorescence visualization imaging for tumor diagnosis and treatment. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108689-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108689
19. [19]
  Zhenyu Hu , Zhenchun Yang , Shiqi Zeng , Kun Wang , Lina Li , Chun Hu , Yubao Zhao . Cationic surface polarization centers on ionic carbon nitride for efficient solar-driven H₂O₂ production and pollutant abatement. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109526-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109526
20. [20]
  Chong Liu , Ling Li , Jiahui Gao , Yanwei Li , Nazhen Zhang , Jing Zang , Cong Liu , Zhaopei Guo , Yanhui Li , Huayu Tian . The study of antibacterial activity of cationic poly(β-amino ester) regulating by amphiphilic balance. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 110118-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110118

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(23)
Abstract views(1791)
HTML views(201)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142