English

Continuous Preparation and Performance Enhancement Techniques of Carbon Nanotube Fibers

• Kunjie Wu ^{1, 2,} ,
• Yongyi Zhang ^{1, 2, 3, ,} ,
• Zhenzhong Yong ^{1, 2, ,} ,
• Qingwen Li ^{1, 3,}

• 1.

  Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China

• 2.

  Division of Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Nanchang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China

• 3.

  School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

Corresponding author: Email: yyzhang2011@sinano.ac.cn (Y.Z.); Email: zzyong2008@sinano.ac.cn (Z.Y.)

• Received Date: 24 June 2021
  Accepted Date: 26 July 2021
  Revised Date: 24 July 2021
  Available Online: 15 September 2022
• Fund Project:

  the National Key Research and Development Program of China 

  the National Natural Science Foundation of China 

  the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China 

  the Jiangxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project, China 

  the Jiangxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project, China 

  the Jiangxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project, China 

Abstract: Carbon nanotube fiber (CNTF) comprises continuous yarn-like macro aggregates with a large amount of carbon nanotubes and bundles thereof. CNTFs have excellent properties, such as high strength, toughness, and conductivity, because of which, they have broad prospects in several fields, such as structure-function integrated composite materials, fibrous energy devices, artificial muscle, and lightweight conductive wire. After two decades of development, breakthroughs have been made in continuous preparation technology, performance enhancement, and application exploration of CNTF materials. In this review, the development history of CNTF materials is summarized, and various continuous preparation technologies of CNTFs, including wet spinning, array spinning, and floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) direct spinning, are described and compared. The wet spinning technology for fabricating CNTFs can be easily scaled due to its similarity to the conventional wet spinning technology used for fabricating high-performance fibers, while the obtained CNTFs have relatively high conductivity. The main challenges in wet spinning are the mass preparation and appropriate dispersion of high-quality carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with large aspect ratios. The array spinning technology can produce CNTFs with high purity and controllable structures, and its challenges are the relatively low preparation efficiency and high cost, because of which, it is challenging to meet the needs of large-scale applications. The FCCVD direct spinning technology can continuously produce CNTFs with relatively high strengths and at low cost, and it is easily adaptable for large-scale fabrication. The main drawbacks of CNTFs obtained from direct spinning are the relatively high impurity content and nonuniform CNT structures. Since CNTFs were first reported in 2000, one of the major challenges has been transferring the excellent properties of individual CNTs to the macroscopic assemblies of CNTs. To answer this question, the correlation between the structures and properties of CNTFs is discussed in detail, and contemporary techniques used for the enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of CNTFs are reviewed. Based on the fiber fracture mechanism of slippage between CNTs, typical mechanical performance enhancement techniques include manipulating the CNT structures (namely wall number, diameter, aspect ratio, and collapse state), aligning the CNT along the fiber axis, enhancing the packing density and the interaction between CNTs, and combining with other reinforcing materials. The electrical performance of CNTFs is attributed to a 3D hopping electron transport mechanism in CNTFs. Conductivity enhancement techniques mainly include improving the assembly structure of CNTFs, using conductive materials as fillers between the CNTs, oxidative p-doping, and combining with metallic conductors. Finally, the main challenges in terms of performance enhancement and large-scale fabrication are discussed, and the development directions of CNTF materials are proposed.

Key words:
• Carbon nanotube fibers
•  /  Continuous preparation
•  /  Mechanical property enhancement
•  /  Electrical conductivity enhancement

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