Citation: Baihua Cui, Yi Shi, Gen Li, Yanan Chen, Wei Chen, Yida Deng, Wenbin Hu. Challenges and Opportunities for Seawater Electrolysis: A Mini-Review on Advanced Materials in Chlorine-Involved Electrochemistry[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2022, 38(6): 210601. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202106010 shu

Challenges and Opportunities for Seawater Electrolysis: A Mini-Review on Advanced Materials in Chlorine-Involved Electrochemistry

Baihua Cui ^{1, 2} ,
Yi Shi ² ,
Gen Li ³ ,
Yanan Chen ^3,, ,
Wei Chen ^{1, 2, 4} ,
Yida Deng ^{3, 5,,} ,
Wenbin Hu ^{1, 3,,}

1.
Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
2.
Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
3.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
4.
Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
5.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China

Author Bio:

Yanan Chen is a professor at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University. He received his joint Ph.D. from the University of Science and Technology Beijing/University of Maryland in 2017. He was an advanced innovative fellow at Tsinghua University before joining in Tianjin University. His research mainly focuses on nanomaterials, devices, and systems for advanced energy storage and conversion

Yida Deng is a professor in School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University. He received his Ph.D. from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 2006. His research interests include metal and metal oxide nanostructures for electrochemical and energy applications
Wenbin Hu is a professor and Dean of the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Tianjin University. Prior to joining Tianjin University, he worked as a professor in Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. He graduated from Central South University with a B.Sc. in 1988. Then he received M.Sc. from Tianjin University in 1991 and Ph.D. from Central South University in 1994. His research interests focus on design, synthesis and characterization of advanced micro/nanomaterials for energy storage and conversion applications, which was supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China
Corresponding author: Yanan Chen, yananchen@tju.edu.cn Yida Deng, yida.deng@tju.edu.cn Wenbin Hu, wbhu@tju.edu.cn
Received Date: 3 June 2021
Revised Date: 12 July 2021
Accepted Date: 12 July 2021
Available Online: 21 July 2021
Fund Project: the National Key Research and Development Program of China 2018YFB0703500the National Natural Science Foundation of China 91963113

Hydrogen (H₂) is an important component in the framework of carbon-neutral energy, and the scalable production of H₂ from seawater electrolysis offers a feasible route to address global energy challenges. With abundant seawater reserves, seawater electrolysis, especially when powered by renewable electricity sources, has great prospects. However, chloride ions (Cl^-) in seawater can participate in the anodic reaction and accelerate the corrosion of electrode materials during electrolysis. Although the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is thermodynamically favorable, the chlorine evolution reaction is highly competitive because fewer electrons are involved (2e^-). These two problems are compounded by the dearth of corrosion-resistant electrode materials, which hinders the practical applications of seawater electrolysis. Therefore, intensive research efforts have been devoted to optimizing electrode materials using fundamental theories for practical applications. This review summarizes the recent progress in advanced electrode materials with an emphasis on their selectivity and anti-corrosivity. Practical materials with improved selectivity for oxygen generation, such as mixed metal oxides, Ni/Fe/Co-based composites, and manganese oxide (MnO_x)-coated heterostructures, are reviewed in detail. Theoretically, alkaline environments (pH > 7.5) are preferred for OER as a constant potential gap (480 mV) exists in the high pH region. Nevertheless, corrosion of both the cathode and anode from ubiquitous Cl^- is inevitable. Only a few materials with good corrosion resistance are capable of sustained operation in seawater systems; these include metal titanium and carbon-based materials. The corrosion process is usually accompanied by the formation of a passivated layer on the surface, but the aggressive penetration of Cl^- can damage the whole electrode. Therefore, the selective inhibition of Cl^- transport in the presence of a robust layer is critical to prevent continuous corrosion. Advances in anti-corrosion engineering, which encompasses inherently anti-corrosive materials, extrinsically protective coating, and in situ generated resistive species, are systematically discussed. Rational design can impart the material with good catalytic activity, stability, and corrosion resistance. Finally, we propose the following opportunities for future research: 1) screening of selective and anti-corrosive materials; 2) mechanism of competitive reactions and corrosion; 3) evaluation of anti-corrosive materials; 4) industrial-scale electrolysis with high current density; 5) optimization of experimental conditions; and 6) development of integrated electrolyzer devices. This review provides insights for the development of strategies aimed at tackling chlorine-related issues in seawater electrolysis.
- Seawater electrolysis,
- Chlorine chemistry,
- Anti-corrosion,
- Selective electrocatalyst
1. [1]
  Kumaravel, V.; Abdel-Wahab, A. Energy Fuels 2018, 32, 6423. doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b00995 doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b00995
2. [2]
  Jin, H. Y.; Wang, X. S.; Tang, C.; Vasileff, A.; Li, L. Q.; Slattery, A.; Qiao, S. Z. Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2007508. doi: 10.1002/adma.202007508 doi: 10.1002/adma.202007508
3. [3]
  Liu, S. L.; Hu, Z.; Wu, Y. Z.; Zhang, J. F.; Zhang, Y.; Cui, B. H.; Liu, C.; Hu, S.; Zhao, N. Q.; Han, X. P.; et al. Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2006034. doi: 10.1002/adma.202006034 doi: 10.1002/adma.202006034
4. [4]
  Shan, J. Q.; Guo, C. X.; Zhu, Y. H.; Chen, S. M.; Song, L.; Jaroniec, M.; Zheng, Y.; Qiao, S. Z. Chem 2019, 5, 445. doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.11.010 doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.11.010
5. [5]
  Luo, P.; Sun, F.; Deng, J.; Xu, H. T.; Zhang, H. J.; Wang, Y. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2018, 34 (12), 1397. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201804022
6. [6]
  Hao, C. Y.; Wu, Y.; An, Y. J.; Cui, B. H.; Lin, J. N.; Li, X. N.; Wang, D. H.; Jiang, M. H.; Cheng, Z. X.; Hu, S. Mater. Today Energy 2019, 12, 453. doi: 10.1016/j.mtener.2019.04.009 doi: 10.1016/j.mtener.2019.04.009
7. [7]
  Zhou, G.; Guo, Z. J.; Shan, Y.; Wu, S. Y.; Zhang, J. L.; Yan, K.; Liu, L. Z.; Chuc, P. K.; Wu, X. L. Nano Energy 2019, 55, 42. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.10.047 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.10.047
8. [8]
  Cheng, F. F.; Feng, X. L.; Chen, X.; Lin, W. G.; Rong, J. F.; Yang, W. S. Electrochim. Acta 2017, 251, 336. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.08.098 doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.08.098
9. [9]
  Yu, J.; Li, B. Q.; Zhao, C. X.; Zhang, Q. Energy Environ. Sci. 2020, 13, 3253. doi: 10.1039/D0EE01617A doi: 10.1039/D0EE01617A
10. [10]
  Senthilkumar, S. T.; Go, W.; Han, J.; Thuy, L. P. T.; Kishor, K.; Kima, Y.; Kim, Y. J. Mater. Chem. A 2019, 7, 22803. doi: 10.1039/C9TA08321A doi: 10.1039/C9TA08321A
11. [11]
  Abe, H.; Murakami, A.; Tsunekawa, S.; Okada, T.; Wakabayashi, T.; Yoshida, M.; Nakayama, M. ACS Catal. 2021, 11, 6390. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05496 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05496
12. [12]
  Yu, L.; Zhu, Q.; Song, S. W.; McElhenny, B.; Wang, D. Z.; Wu, C. Z.; Qin, Z. J.; Bao, J. M.; Yu, Y.; Chen, S.; et al. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 5106. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13092-7 doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13092-7
13. [13]
  Dresp, S.; Dionigi, F.; Loos, S.; de Araujo, J. F.; Spöri, C.; Gliech, M.; Dau, H.; Strasser, P. Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8, 1800338. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201800338 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201800338
14. [14]
  d'Amore-Domenech, R.; Leo, T. J. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2019, 7, 8006. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b06779 doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b06779
15. [15]
  Dionigi, F.; Reier, T.; Pawolek, Z.; Gliech, M.; Strasser, P. ChemSusChem 2016, 9, 962. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201501581 doi: 10.1002/cssc.201501581
16. [16]
  Ko, J. S.; Johnson, J. K.; Johnson, P. I.; Xia, Z. Y. ChemCatChem 2020, 12, 4526. doi: 10.1002/cctc.202000 doi: 10.1002/cctc.202000
17. [17]
  Gayen, P.; Saha, S.; Ramani, V. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2020, 3, 4, 3978. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.0c00383 doi: 10.1021/acsaem.0c00383
18. [18]
  Xiu, L. Y.; Pei, W.; Zhou, S.; Wang, Z. Y.; Yang, P. J.; Zhao, J. J.; Qiu, J. S. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 1910028. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201910028 doi: 10.1002/adfm.201910028
19. [19]
  Tong, W. M.; Forster, M.; Dionigi, F.; Dresp, S.; Erami, R. S.; Strasser, P.; Cowan, A. J.; Farràs, P. Nat. Energy 2020, 5, 367. doi: 10.1038/s41560-020-0550-8 doi: 10.1038/s41560-020-0550-8
20. [20]
  Song, J. J.; Wei, C.; Huang, Z. F.; Liu, C. T.; Zeng, L.; Wang, X.; Xu, Z. C. J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2020, 49, 2196. doi: 10.1039/C9CS00607A doi: 10.1039/C9CS00607A
21. [21]
  Exner, K. S.; Anton, J.; Jacob, T.; Over, H. Angew. Chem. 2016, 128, 7627. doi: 10.1002/anie.201511804 doi: 10.1002/anie.201511804
22. [22]
  Karlsson, R. K. B.; Cornell, A. Chem. Rev. 2016, 116, 2982. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00389 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00389
23. [23]
  Exner, K. S.; Anton, J.; Jacob, T.; Over, H. Angew. Chem. 2014, 126, 11212. doi: 10.1002/ange.201406112 doi: 10.1002/ange.201406112
24. [24]
  Sumaria, V.; Krishnamurthy, D.; Viswanathan, V. ACS Catal. 2018, 8, 9034. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01432 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01432
25. [25]
  Cheng, C. Y.; Kelsall, G. H. J. Appl. Electrochem. 2007, 37, 1203. doi: 10.1007/s10800-007-9364-7 doi: 10.1007/s10800-007-9364-7
26. [26]
  Amikam, G.; Natiu, P.; Gendel, Y. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 2018, 43, 6504. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.02.082 doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.02.082
27. [27]
  Exner, K. S. ChemElectroChem 2019, 6, 3401. doi: 10.1002/celc.201900834 doi: 10.1002/celc.201900834
28. [28]
  Lim, T.; Jung, G. Y.; Kim, J. H.; Park, S. O.; Park, J.; Kim, Y. T.; Kang, S. J.; Jeong, H. Y.; Kwak, S. K.; Joo, S. H. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 412. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-14272-1 doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-14272-1
29. [29]
  Goryachev, A.; Pascuzzi, M. E. C.; Carla, F.; Weber, T.; Over, H.; Hensen, E. J. M.; Hofmann, J. P. Electrochim. Acta 2020, 336, 135713. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135713 doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135713
30. [30]
  Zeradjanin, A. R.; Menzel, N.; Schuhmann, W.; Strasser, P. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2014, 16, 13741. doi: 10.1039/C4CP00896K doi: 10.1039/C4CP00896K
31. [31]
  Chen, S.; Huang, H.; Jiang, P.; Yang, K.; Diao, J. F.; Gong, S. P.; Liu, S.; Huang, M. X.; Wang, H.; Chen, Q. W. ACS Catal. 2020, 10, 1152. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04922 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04922
32. [32]
  Lee, Y.; Suntivich, J.; May, K. J.; Perry, E. E.; Yang, S. H. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2012, 3, 399. doi: 10.1021/jz2016507 doi: 10.1021/jz2016507
33. [33]
  Ge, R. X.; Li, L.; Su, J. W.; Lin, Y. C.; Tian, Z. Q.; Chen, L. Adv. Energy Mater. 2019, 9, 1901313. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201901313 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201901313
34. [34]
  Abbott, D. F.; Lebedev, D.; Waltar, K.; Povia, M.; Nachtegaal, M.; Fabbri, E.; Coperet, C.; Schmidt, T. J. Chem. Mater. 2016, 28, 6591. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02625 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02625
35. [35]
  Rossmeisl, J.; Hansen, H. A.; Man, I. C.; Studt, F.; Abild-Pedersen, F.; Bligaard, T. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2010, 12, 283. doi: 10.1039/B917459A doi: 10.1039/B917459A
36. [36]
  Vos, J. G.; Liu, Z. C.; Speck, F. D.; Perini, N.; Fu, W. T.; Cherevko, S.; Koper, M. T. M. ACS Catal. 2019, 9, 8561. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01159 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01159
37. [37]
  Petrykin, V.; Macounova, K.; Shlyakhtin, O. A.; Krtil, P. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 4813. doi: 10.1002/ange.200907128 doi: 10.1002/ange.200907128
38. [38]
  Song, L. J.; Meng, H. M. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2010, 26 (9), 2375. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB20100847
39. [39]
  Yu, L.; Wu, L. B.; McElhenny, B.; Song, S. W.; Luo, D.; Zhang, F. H.; Yu, Y.; Chen, S.; Ren, Z. F. Energy Environ. Sci. 2020, 13, 3439. doi: 10.1039/D0EE00921K doi: 10.1039/D0EE00921K
40. [40]
  Huang, W. H.; Lin, C. Y. Faraday Discuss. 2019, 215, 205. doi: 10.1039/C8FD00172C doi: 10.1039/C8FD00172C
41. [41]
  Zhao, Y. Q.; Jin, B.; Vasileff, A.; Jiao, Y.; Qiao, S. Z. J. Mater. Chem. A 2019, 7, 8117. doi: 10.1039/C9TA01903K doi: 10.1039/C9TA01903K
42. [42]
  Dresp, S.; Thanh, T. N.; Klingenhof, M.; Brückner, S.; Hauke, P.; Strasser, P. Energy Environ. Sci. 2020, 13, 1725. doi: 10.1039/D0EE01125H doi: 10.1039/D0EE01125H
43. [43]
  Cui, B. H.; Hu, H.; Liu, C.; Liu, S. L.; Chen, F. S.; Hu, S.; Zhang, J. F.; Zhou, W.; Deng, Y. D.; Qin, Z. B.; et al. Nano Res. 2021, 14, 1149. doi: 10.1007/s12274-020-3164-3 doi: 10.1007/s12274-020-3164-3
44. [44]
  Hsu, S. H.; Miao, J. W.; Zhang, L. P.; Gao, J. J.; Wang, H. M.; Tao, H. B.; Hung, S. F.; Vasileff, A.; Qiao, S. Z.; Liu, B. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1707261. doi: 10.1002/adma.201707261 doi: 10.1002/adma.201707261
45. [45]
  Gupta, S.; Forster, M.; Yadav, A.; Cowan, A. J.; Patel, N.; Patel, M. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2020, 3, 7619. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.0c01040 doi: 10.1021/acsaem.0c01040
46. [46]
  Keane, T. P.; Nocera, D. G. ACS Omega 2019, 4, 12860. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01751 doi: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01751
47. [47]
  Bennett, J. E. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 1980, 5, 401. doi: 10.1016/0360-3199(80)90021-X doi: 10.1016/0360-3199(80)90021-X
48. [48]
  Vos, J. G.; Wezendonk, T. A.; Jeremiasse, A. W.; Koper, M. T. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 10270. doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b05382 doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b05382
49. [49]
  Okada, T.; Abe, H.; Murakami, A.; Shimizu, T.; Fujii, K.; Wakabayashi, T.; Nakayama, M. Langmuir 2020, 36, 5227. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00547 doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00547
50. [50]
  Dresp, S.; Dionigi, F.; Klingenhof, M.; Strasser, P. ACS Energy Lett. 2019, 4, 933. doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00220 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00220
51. [51]
  Zhang, B.; Wang, J.; Wu, B.; Guo, X. W.; Wang, Y. J.; Chen, D.; Zhang, Y. C.; Du, K.; Oguzie, E. E.; Ma, X. L. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 2559. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04942-x doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04942-x
52. [52]
  Liu, X. P.; Gong, M. X.; Xiao, D. D.; Deng, S. F.; Liang, J. N.; Zhao, T. H.; Lu, Y.; Shen, T.; Zhang, J.; Wang, D. L. Small 2020, 16, 2000663. doi: 10.1002/smll.202000663 doi: 10.1002/smll.202000663
53. [53]
  Kuang, Y.; Kenney, M. J.; Meng, Y. T.; Hung, W. H.; Liu, Y. J.; Huang, J. E.; Prasanna, R.; Li, P. S.; Li, Y. P.; Wang, L.; et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2019, 116, 6624. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1900556116 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1900556116
54. [54]
  Wu, H.; Lu, Q.; Zhang, J. F.; Wang, J. J.; Han, X. P.; Zhao, N. Q.; Hu, W. B.; Li, J. J.; Chen, Y. N.; Deng, Y. D. Nano-Micro Lett. 2020, 12, 162. doi: 10.1007/s40820-020-00505-2 doi: 10.1007/s40820-020-00505-2
55. [55]
  Zhang, J.; Chen, Z. L.; Liu, C.; Zhao, J.; Liu, S. L.; Rao, D. W.; Nie, A. M.; Chen, Y. N.; Deng, Y. D.; Hu, W. B. Sci. China Mater. 2020, 63, 249. doi: 10.1007/s40843-019-1176-6 doi: 10.1007/s40843-019-1176-6
56. [56]
  Chen, Y. N.; Xu, S. M.; Zhu, S. Z.; Jacob, R. J.; Pastel, G.; Wang, Y. B.; Li, Y. J.; Dai, J. Q.; Chen, F. J.; Xie, H.; et al. Nano Res. 2019, 12 (9), 2259. doi: 10.1007/s12274-019-2304-0 doi: 10.1007/s12274-019-2304-0
57. [57]
  Cui, B. H.; Zhang, M.; Zhao, Y. X.; Hu, S. Mater. Today Energy 2019, 13, 85. doi: 10.1016/j.mtener.2019.05.001 doi: 10.1016/j.mtener.2019.05.001
58. [58]
  Finke, C. E.; Omelchenko, S. T.; Jasper, J. T.; Lichterman, M. F.; Read, C. G.; Lewis, N. S.; Hoffmann, M. R. Energy Environ. Sci. 2019, 12, 358. doi:a 10.1039/C8EE02351D
59. [59]
  Sohrabnejad-Eskan, I.; Goryachev, A.; Exner, K. S.; Kibler, L. A.; Hensen, E. J. M.; Hofmann, J. P.; Over, H. ACS Catal. 2017, 7, 2403. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03142 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03142
60. [60]
  Li, H. Y.; Tang, Q. W.; He, B. L.; Yang, P. Z. J. Mater. Chem. A 2016, 4, 6513. doi: 10.1039/C6TA00785F doi: 10.1039/C6TA00785F
61. [61]
  Niu, X. M.; Tang, Q. W.; He, B. L.; Yang, P. Z. Electrochim. Acta 2016, 208, 180. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.184 doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.184
62. [62]
  Song, H. J.; Yoon, H.; Ju, B.; Lee, D. Y.; Kim, D. W. ACS Catal. 2020, 10, 702. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04231 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04231
63. [63]
  Wu, X. H.; Zhou, S.; Wang, Z. Y.; Liu, J. S.; Pei, W.; Yang, P. J.; Zhao, J. J.; Qiu, J. S. Adv. Energy Mater. 2019, 9, 1901333. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201901333 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201901333
64. [64]
  Hou, Z. Y.; Gao, L. L.; Cui, Z. D.; Yin, J. H. IOP Conf. Series: Earth Environ. Sci. 2018, 108, 022037. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/108/2/022037 doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/108/2/022037
65. [65]
  Gao, J. J.; Huang, X.; Cai, W. Z.; Wang, Q. L.; Jia, C. M.; Liu, B. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 25991. doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c05906 doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c05906
66. [66]
  Ooka, H.; Yamaguchi, A.; Takashima, T.; Hashimoto, K.; Nakamura, R. J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121, 17873. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b03749 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b03749
67. [67]
  Gao, J. J.; Xu, C. Q.; Hung, S. F.; Liu, W.; Cai, W. Z.; Zeng, Z. P.; Jia, C. M.; Chen, H. M.; Xiao, H.; Li, J.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 3014. doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b11456 doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b11456
68. [68]
  Menzel, N.; Ortel, E.; Mette, K.; Kraehnert, R.; Strasser, S. ACS Catal. 2013, 3, 1324. doi: 10.1021/cs4000238 doi: 10.1021/cs4000238
69. [69]
  Yan, G. B.; Lian, Y. B.; Gu, Y. D.; Yang, C.; Sun, H.; Mu, Q. Q.; Li, Q.; Zhu, W.; Zheng, X. S.; Chen, M. Z.; et al. ACS Catal. 2018, 8, 10137. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02203 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02203
70. [70]
  Endrödi, B.; Stojanovic, A.; Cuartero, M.; Simic, N.; Wildlock, M.; Marco, R. D.; Crespo, G. A.; Cornell, A. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2019, 7, 12170. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b01279 doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b01279
71. [71]
  Gao, S.; Li, G. D.; Liu, Y. P.; Chen, H.; Feng, L. L.; Wang, Y.; Yang, M.; Wang, D. J.; Wang, S.; Zou, X. X. Nanoscale 2015, 7, 2306. doi: 10.1039/C4NR04924A doi: 10.1039/C4NR04924A
72. [72]
  Miao, J.; Lang, Z. L.; Zhang, X. Y.; Kong, W. G.; Peng, O. W.; Yang, Y.; Wang, S. P.; Cheng, J. J.; He, T. C.; Amini, A.; et al. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 29, 1805893. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201805893 doi: 10.1002/adfm.201805893
73. [73]
  Liu, J. W.; Ma, Q. L.; Huang, Z. Q.; Liu, G. G.; Zhang, H. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1800696. doi: 10.1002/adma.201800696 doi: 10.1002/adma.201800696
74. [74]
  Ma, Y. Y.; Wu, C. J.; Feng, X. J.; Tan, H. Q.; Yan, L. K.; Liu, Y.; Kang, Z. H.; Wang, E. B.; Li, Y. G. Energy Environ. Sci. 2017, 10, 788. doi: 10.1039/C6EE03768B doi: 10.1039/C6EE03768B
75. [75]
  Chauhana, D. S.; Quraishia, M.A.; Ansaria, K.R. Prog. Organ. Coat. 2020, 147, 105741. doi: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.105741 doi: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.105741
76. [76]
  Hussain, S.; Akbar, K.; Vikraman, D.; Song, R. A. A. W.; An, K. S.; Farooq, A.; Park, J. Y.; Chun, S. H.; Jung, J. Nanomaterials 2018, 8, 929. doi: 10.3390/nano8110929 doi: 10.3390/nano8110929
77. [77]
  Hussain, S.; Vikraman, D.; Truong, L.; Akbar, K.; Rabani, I.; Kim, H. S.; Chun, S. H.; Jung, J. J. Alloy. Compd. 2019, 788, 267. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.02.192 doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.02.192
78. [78]
  Sarawutanukul, S.; Phattharasupakun, N.; Sawangphruk, M. Carbon 2019, 151, 109. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2019.05.058 doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2019.05.058
79. [79]
  Lv, Q. L.; Han, J. X.; Tan, X. L.; Wang, W.; Cao, L. X.; Dong, B. H. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2019, 2, 3910. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.9b00599 doi: 10.1021/acsaem.9b00599
80. [80]
  Shang, X.; Dong, B.; Chai, Y. M.; Liu, C. G. Sci. Bull. 2018, 63, 853. doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.05.014 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.05.014
81. [81]
  Kou, Z. K.; Yu, Y.; Liu, X. M.; Gao, X. R.; Zheng, L. R.; Zou, H. Y.; Pang, Y. J.; Wang, Z. Y.; Pan, Z. H.; He, J. Q.; et al. ACS Catal. 2020, 10, 4411. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00340 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00340
82. [82]
  Wu, T. Z.; Sun, S. N.; Song, J. J.; Xi, S. B.; Du, Y. H.; Chen, B.; Sasangka, W. A.; Liao, H. B.; Gan, C. L.; Scherer, G. G.; et al. Nat. Catal. 2019, 2, 763. doi: 10.1038/s41929-019-0325-4 doi: 10.1038/s41929-019-0325-4
83. [83]
  Jin, H. Y.; Liu, X.; Vasileff, A.; Jiao, Y.; Zhao, Y. Q.; Zheng, Y.; Qiao, S. Z. ACS Nano 2018, 12, 12761. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07841 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07841
84. [84]
  Qin, R.; Wang, P. Y.; Lin, C.; Cao, F.; Zhang, J. Y.; Chen, L.; Mu, S. C. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2021, 37 (7), 2009099. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202009099
85. [85]
  Huang, Y. C.; Hu, L.; Liu, R.; Hu, Y. W.; Xiong, T. Z.; Qiu, W. T.; Balogun, M. S. Pan, A. L.; Tong, Y. X. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2019, 251, 181. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.03.037 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.03.037
86. [86]
  Liu, Y. C.; Hu, X.; Huang, B. B.; Xie, Z. L. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2019, 7, 18835. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b03720 doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b03720
87. [87]
  Li, P. S.; Wang, S. Y.; Samo, I. A.; Zhang, X. H.; Wang, Z. L.; Wang, C.; Li, Y.; Du, Y. Y.; Zhong, Y.; Cheng, C. T.; et al. Research 2020, 9, 2872141. doi: 10.34133/2020/2872141 doi: 10.34133/2020/2872141
1. [1]
  Gang Zhao , Wenbo Liao , Lan Mu , Baojie Zhang , Ning Zhao , Tianyong Zhang , Xijin Xu . High-performance bifunctional electrocatalyst (NiFe-LDH/MoNi₄) with enhanced chloride corrosion resistance for achieving seawater overall-splitting at industrial temperature. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(5): 111825-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111825
2. [2]
  Wenhao Yan , Shuaiya Xue , Xuerui Zhao , Wei Zhang , Jian Li . Hexagonal boron nitride based slippery liquid infused porous surface with anti-corrosion, anti-contaminant and anti-icing properties for protecting magnesium alloy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 109224-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109224
3. [3]
  Wenjie Liu , Chuanlin Li , Dingzheng Li , Guangmeng Qu , Mengzhen Kong , Jing Zhang , Xiao Wang , Chenggang Wang , Xijin Xu . Constructing zinc-tin alloy interface for highly stable alkaline zinc anode. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(7): 110152-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110152
4. [4]
  Bo Chen , Peiyu Duan , Ying Zhang , Lianhui Wang . Boosting the intermittent alkaline seawater electrolysis stability up to 10,000 h via in-situ formation of dynamically passivating structures. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(1): 111638-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111638
5. [5]
  Lili Wang , Xujie Han , Baichuan Xiong , Ya Yan , Cheng Zhang , Yuning Qu , Yiran Zhang , Linlin Zheng , Zirui Gao , Shuheng Tian , Wenjing Dai , Bowen Cheng , Hang Zhang , Zhen Yin . 1D self-supporting NiFe₂O₄/NiMoO₄ heterostructure as bifunctional electrocatalyst via interface engineering for highly efficient seawater splitting. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(12): 111437-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111437
6. [6]
  Wenjing Dai , Lan Luo , Zhen Yin . Interface reconstruction of hybrid oxide electrocatalysts for seawater oxidation. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2025, 44(3): 100442-100442. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100442
7. [7]
  Wei Chen , Pieter Cnudde . A minireview to ketene chemistry in zeolite catalysis. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(11): 100412-100412. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100412
8. [8]
  Zimo Peng , Quan Zhang , Gaocan Qi , Hao Zhang , Qian Liu , Guangzhi Hu , Jun Luo , Xijun Liu . Nanostructured Pt@RuOx catalyst for boosting overall acidic seawater splitting. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(1): 100191-100191. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100191
9. [9]
  Yiming Guo , Zhouhong Yu , Bin He , Pengzuo Chen . Metallic cobalt mediated molybdenum nitride for efficient glycerol upgrading with water electrolysis. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(9): 111010-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111010
10. [10]
  Fangfang Ren , Wei Qiao , Yubin Kuang , Yajing Xie , Ligang Feng . Efficient Pt electronic states regulation with hybrid nickel selenide for methanol electrolysis. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(7): 111816-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111816
11. [11]
  Jinshuai Zheng , Junfeng Niu , Crispin Halsall , Yadi Guo , Peng Zhang , Linke Ge . New insights into transformation mechanisms for sulfate and chlorine radical-mediated degradation of sulfonamide and fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(5): 110202-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110202
12. [12]
  Guanjun Chen , Jiayi Yang , Zheming Huang , Long Chen , Wenyuan Duan , Tong Wang , Xingang Kong , Haibo Yang . Engineering the interlayer sodium density in layered sodium cobalt oxide for boosted chlorine evolution reaction. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(12): 111662-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111662
13. [13]
  Xiao Li , Chaoqiong Fang , Riming Hu , Jiayuan Yu . Regulating the proton supply effect on chlorine-doped bismuth for enhanced electroreduction CO₂ to formate. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(1): 111307-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111307
14. [14]
  Wenjie Zhang , Jiong Zhou . Enhanced oxygen reduction through axial chlorine engineering of p-block antimony atomic sites. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2026, 45(1): 100732-100732. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100732
15. [15]
  Peiwen Liu , Fang Zhao , Jing Zhang , Yunpeng Bai , Jinxing Ye , Bo Bao , Xinggui Zhou , Li Zhang , Changlu Zhou , Xinhai Yu , Peng Zuo , Jianye Xia , Lian Cen , Yangyang Yang , Guoyue Shi , Lin Xu , Weiping Zhu , Yufang Xu , Xuhong Qian . Micro/nano flow chemistry by Beyond Limits Manufacturing. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 109020-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109020
16. [16]
  Xin Li , Zhen Xu , Donglei Bu , Jinming Cai , Huamei Chen , Qi Chen , Ting Chen , Fang Cheng , Lifeng Chi , Wenjie Dong , Zhenchao Dong , Shixuan Du , Qitang Fan , Xing Fan , Qiang Fu , Song Gao , Jing Guo , Weijun Guo , Yang He , Shimin Hou , Ying Jiang , Huihui Kong , Baojun Li , Dengyuan Li , Jie Li , Qing Li , Ruoning Li , Shuying Li , Yuxuan Lin , Mengxi Liu , Peinian Liu , Yanyan Liu , Jingtao Lü , Chuanxu Ma , Haoyang Pan , JinLiang Pan , Minghu Pan , Xiaohui Qiu , Ziyong Shen , Shijing Tan , Bing Wang , Dong Wang , Li Wang , Lili Wang , Tao Wang , Xiang Wang , Xingyue Wang , Xueyan Wang , Yansong Wang , Yu Wang , Kai Wu , Wei Xu , Na Xue , Linghao Yan , Fan Yang , Zhiyong Yang , Chi Zhang , Xue Zhang , Yang Zhang , Yao Zhang , Xiong Zhou , Junfa Zhu , Yajie Zhang , Feixue Gao , Yongfeng Wang . Recent progress on surface chemistry Ⅰ: Assembly and reaction. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 110055-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110055
17. [17]
  Xin Li , Zhen Xu , Donglei Bu , Jinming Cai , Huamei Chen , Qi Chen , Ting Chen , Fang Cheng , Lifeng Chi , Wenjie Dong , Zhenchao Dong , Shixuan Du , Qitang Fan , Xing Fan , Qiang Fu , Song Gao , Jing Guo , Weijun Guo , Yang He , Shimin Hou , Ying Jiang , Huihui Kong , Baojun Li , Dengyuan Li , Jie Li , Qing Li , Ruoning Li , Shuying Li , Yuxuan Lin , Mengxi Liu , Peinian Liu , Yanyan Liu , Jingtao Lü , Chuanxu Ma , Haoyang Pan , JinLiang Pan , Minghu Pan , Xiaohui Qiu , Ziyong Shen , Qiang Sun , Shijing Tan , Bing Wang , Dong Wang , Li Wang , Lili Wang , Tao Wang , Xiang Wang , Xingyue Wang , Xueyan Wang , Yansong Wang , Yu Wang , Kai Wu , Wei Xu , Na Xue , Linghao Yan , Fan Yang , Zhiyong Yang , Chi Zhang , Xue Zhang , Yang Zhang , Yao Zhang , Xiong Zhou , Junfa Zhu , Yajie Zhang , Feixue Gao , Li Wang . Recent progress on surface chemistry Ⅱ: Property and characterization. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 110100-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110100
18. [18]
  Dongfang Liu , Zhouyu Wang , Junli Wang , Leyong Wang . The 5^th Xihua Chemistry and Biomedicine Forum. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(2): 111925-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111925
19. [19]
  Tingting Du , Siyu Lu , Dong Wang , Jian Zhang , Jixiang Chen . Recent advances of imidazole derivatives in pesticide chemistry. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(7): 112280-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112280
20. [20]
  Yi Zhang , Biao Wang , Chao Hu , Muhammad Humayun , Yaping Huang , Yulin Cao , Mosaad Negem , Yigang Ding , Chundong Wang . Fe–Ni–F electrocatalyst for enhancing reaction kinetics of water oxidation. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(2): 100243-100243. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100243

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(172)
Abstract views(3715)
HTML views(289)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142