Citation: Qin Rui, Wang Pengyan, Lin Can, Cao Fei, Zhang Jinyong, Chen Lei, Mu Shichun. Transition Metal Nitrides: Activity Origin, Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Applications[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2021, 37(7): 200909. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202009099
过渡金属氮化物的活性起源、合成方法及电催化应用
English
Transition Metal Nitrides: Activity Origin, Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Applications
Currently, because of the worldwide over-exploitation and consumption of fossil fuels, energy crisis and environmental pollution are becoming more prominent. Hence, the production and utilization of clean energy such as hydrogen are crucial. As significant electrochemical reactions in energy conversion devices, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have garnered considerable attention. However, the sluggish kinetics of these reactions, especially of the OER and ORR because of the multiple electron transfer steps, and the inevitable usage of noble metal catalysts (such as those based on Pt for HER/ORR and Ru/Ir for HER/OER) are the bottlenecks to realizing energy conversion devices, including overall water-splitting electrolyzers, fuel cells, and metal-air batteries. Therefore, the development of efficient non-precious metal catalysts is imperative. Transition metal nitrides (TMNs) have been recently studied and shown to exhibit high catalytic activity because of their ability to alter the electronic structure of host metals, specifically the downshift of the d-band center, the contraction of the filled state, and the broadening of the unfilled state. This high activity is attributed to the optimization of the adsorption energy between metals and adsorbates. In addition, metallic bonding in TMNs increases the conductivity of the catalysts. Thus, in this review, we focus on the latest developments in TMNs and their application as high-activity and high-stability electrocatalysts for water splitting and in fuel cells and zinc-air batteries. First, the origin of the high activity of TMNs is explained with the help of the d-band theory. The effect of nitrogen on TMNs, such as in terms of the location in the crystal structure, is briefly discussed. The preparation strategies for TMNs, including physical and chemical methods as well as the modification techniques such as doping, changing carrier properties, and defect construction, are outlined. Next, we summarize the applications of TMNs as an electrocatalyst for the HER, OER, and ORR. At the same time, to explain the bifunctional catalytic activity of TMNs, we discuss the modification strategies for single-metal-based nitrides, such as doping with other highly active atoms to adjust the electronic structure and increase the catalytic activities as well as using coupling materials with different catalytic selectivities to construct heterostructures. Finally, we discuss the challenges and development approaches for realizing the electrocatalytic applications of TMNs, such as through further improvement in catalytic activity, and for facilitating in-depth understanding of electrocatalytic processes through in situ characterization to reveal the electrocatalytic mechanism of TMNs. Undoubtedly, this review will promote the application of TMNs in the field of electrocatalysis.-
Key words:
- Transition metal nitrides (TMNs)
- / Catalyst
- / Nano structure
- / Electrocatalysis
-
-
[1]
Benck, J. D.; Hellstern, T. R.; Kibsgaard, J.; Chakthranont, P.; Jaramillo, T. F. ACS Catal. 2014, 4 (11), 3957. doi: 10.1021/cs500923c
-
[2]
Wang, P. Y.; Pu, Z. H.; Li, Y. H.; Tu, Z. K.; Jiang, M.; Kou, Z. K.; Amiinu, I. S.; Mu, S. C. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9 (31), 26001. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b06305
-
[3]
Stamenkovic, V.; Mun, B. S.; Mayrhofer, K. J. J.; Ross, P. N.; Markovic, N. M.; Rossmeisl, J.; Greeley, J.; Nørskov, J. K. Angew. Chem. 2006, 118, 2963. doi: 10.1002/ange.200504386
-
[4]
Gasteiger, H. A.; Kocha, S. S.; Sompalli, B.; Wagner, F. T. Appl. Catal. B 2005, 56, 9. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2004.06.021
-
[5]
Gasteiger, H. A.; Marković, N. M. Science 2009, 324, 48. doi: 10.1126/science.1172083
-
[6]
Jia, Y.; Zhang, L. Z.; Zhuang, L. Z.; Liu, H. L.; Yan, X. C.; Wang, X.; Liu, J. D.; Wang, J. C.; Zheng, Y. R.; Xiao, Z. H.; et al. Nat. Catal. 2019, 2, 688. doi: 10.1038/s41929-019-0297-4
-
[7]
Jin, H. H.; Zhou, H.; He, D. P.; Wang, Z. H.; Wu, Q. L.; Liang, Q. R.; Liu, S. L.; Mu, S. C. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2019, 250, 143. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.03.013
-
[8]
Hu, Q.; Li, G. M.; Han, Z.; Wang, Z. Y.; Haung, X. W.; Chai, X. Y.; Zhang, Q. L.; Liu, J. H.; He, C. X. Adv. Energy Mater. 2019, 9, 1901130. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201901130
-
[9]
Mahmood, N.; Yao, Y. D.; Zhang, J. W.; Pan, L.; Zhang, X. W.; Zou, J. -J. Adv. Sci. 2017, 1700464. doi: 10.1002/advs.201700464
-
[10]
Pu, Z. H.; Amiinu, I. S.; Kou, Z. K.; Li, W. Q.; Mu, S. C. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 11559. doi: 10.1002/anie.201704911
-
[11]
Ouyang, T.; Wang, X. T.; Mai, X. Q.; Chen, A. -N.; Tang, Z. Y. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 11948. doi: 10.1002/anie.202004533
-
[12]
Wang, C.; Qi, L. M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 17219. doi: 10.1002/anie.202005436
-
[13]
Gao, Q. S.; Zhang, W. B.; Shi, Z. P.; Yang, L. C.; Tang, Y. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1802880. doi: 10.1002/adma.201802880
-
[14]
Yu, Y. D.; Zhou, J.; Sun, Z. M. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 2000570. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202000570
-
[15]
Zhang, H. J.; Hagen, D. J.; Li, X. P.; Graff, A.; Heyroth, F.; Fuhrmann, B.; Kostanovskiy, I.; Schweizer, S. L.; Caddeo, F.; et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 17172. doi: 10.1002/anie.202002280
-
[16]
Hou, C. C.; Zou, L. L.; Wang, Y.; Xu, Q. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. doi: 10.1002/anie.202011347
-
[17]
Guo, Y. N.; Park, T.; Yi, J. W.; Henzie, J.; Kim, J.; Wang, Z. L.; Jiang, B.; Bando, Y.; Sugahara, Y.; Tang, J.; et al. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1807134. doi: 10.1002/adma.201807134
-
[18]
Guo, M. R.; Qayum, A.; Dong, S.; Jiao, X. L.; Chen, D. R.; Wang, T. J. Mater. Chem. A 2020, 8, 9239. doi: 10.1039/D0TA02337J
-
[19]
Yang, Y. S.; Zhuang, L. Z.; Rufford, T. E.; Wang, S. B.; Zhu, Z. H. RSC Adv. 2017, 7, 32923. doi: 10.1039/C7RA02558K
-
[20]
Chen, X. C.; Yu, Z. X.; Wei, L.; Zhou, Z.; Zhai, S. L.; Chen, J. S.; Wang, Y. Q.; Huang, Q. W.; Karahan, H. E.; Liao, X. Z.; et al. J. Mater. Chem. A 2019, 7, 764. doi: 10.1039/C8TA09130G
-
[21]
Gao, X. R.; Liu, X. M.; Zang, W. J.; Dong, H. L.; Pang, Y. J.; Kou, Z. K.; Wang, P. Y.; Pan, Z. H.; Wei, S. R.; Mu, S. C.; et al. Nano Energy 2020, 78, 105355. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105355
-
[22]
Yu, X. X.; Zhou, T. P.; Ge, J. K.; Wu, C. Z. ACS Mater. Lett. 2020. doi: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.0c00339
-
[23]
Ham, D. J.; Lee, J. S. Energies 2009, 2, 873. doi: 10.3390/en20400873
-
[24]
Chen, J. G. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 4, 1477. doi: 10.1021/cr950232u
-
[25]
Lee, J. S.; Ham, D. J. Encyclo. Catal. 2010, doi: 10.1002/0471227617.eoc138.pub2
-
[26]
Wu, R.; Zhang, J. F.; Shi, Y. M.; Liu, D. L.; Zhang, B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137 (22), 6983. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b01330
-
[27]
Hammer, B.; Nørskov, J. K. Nature 1995, 376, 20. doi: 10.1038/376238a0
-
[28]
Wei, C.; Sun, Y. M.; Scherer, G. G.; Fisher, A. C.; Sherburne, M.; Ager, J. W.; Xu, Z. C. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 7765. doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b12005
-
[29]
Gao, B. F.; Veith, G. M.; Diaz, R. E.; Lui, J.; Stach, E. A.; Adzic, R. R.; Khalifah, P. G. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 10753. doi: 10.1002/anie.201303197
-
[30]
Schwarz, K. Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci. 1987, 13, 211. doi: 10.1080/10408438708242178
-
[31]
Liu, Y.; Liu, T. G.; Chen, J. G.; Mustain, W. E. ACS Catal. 2013, 3, 1184. doi: 10.1021/cs4001249
-
[32]
Nørskov, J. K.; Bligaard, T.; Logadottir, A.; Kitchin, J.; Chen, J. G.; Pandelov, S.; Stimming, U. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2005, 152, J23. doi: 10.1149/1.1856988
-
[33]
Ignaszak, A.; Song, C.; Zhu, W.; Zhang, J.; Bauer, A.; Baker, R.; Neburchilov, V.; Ye, S.; Campbell, S. Electrochim. Acta 2012, 69, 397. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.03.039.
-
[34]
Peng, X.; Pi, C. R.; Zhang, X. M.; Li, S.; Huo, K. F.; Paul, K. C. Sustainable Energy Fuels 2019, 3, 366. doi: 10.1039/C8SE00525G
-
[35]
Kang, J. S.; Park, M. -A.; Kim, J. -Y.; Park, S. H.; Chung, D. Y.; Yu, S. H.; Kim, J.; Park, J.; Choil, J. -W.; Lee1, K. J. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 10450. doi: 10.1038/srep10450
-
[36]
Dorman, G. J. W. R.; Sikkens, M. Thin Solid Films 1983, 105 (3), 251. doi: 10.1016/0040-6090(83)90290-0
-
[37]
Murthy, A. P.; Govindarajan, D.; Theerthagiri, J.; Madhavan, J.; Parasuraman, K. Electrochim. Acta 2018, 283, 1525. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.094
-
[38]
Wei, B. B.; Tang, G. S.; Liang, H. F.; Qi, Z. B.; Zhang, D. F.; Hu, W. S.; Shen, H.; Wang, Z. C. Electrochem. Commun. 2018, 93, 166. doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.07.012
-
[39]
Peng, X.; Huo, K. F.; Fu, J. J.; Gao, B.; Wang, L.; Hu, L. S.; Zhang, X. M.; Chu, P. K. ChemElectroChem 2015, 2, 512. doi: 10.1002/celc.201402349
-
[40]
Liu, C.; Zhang, H.; Shi, W.; Lei, A. Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 1780. doi: 10.1021/cr100379j
-
[41]
Peng, X.; Huo, K.; Fu, J.; Zhang, X.; Gao, B.; Chu, P. K. Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 10172. doi: 10.1039/C3CC41249K
-
[42]
余翠平, 王岩, 崔接武, 刘家琴, 吴玉程.物理化学学报, 2017, 33(10), 1944. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201705177Yu, C. P.; Wang, Y.; Cui, J. W.; Liu, J. Q.; Wu, Y. C. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2017, 33 (10), 1944. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201705177
-
[43]
Nagai, M. Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 2007, 322, 178. doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2007.01.006
-
[44]
刘振林, 孟明, 伏义路, 姜明, 胡天斗, 谢亚宁, 刘涛.物理化学学报, 2001, 17(7), 631. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB20010712Liu, Z. L.; Meng, M.; Fu, Y. L.; Jiang, M.; Hu, T. D.; Xie, Y. N.; Liu, T. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2001, 17(7), 631. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB20010712
-
[45]
Cheng, Z. X.; Saad, A.; Guo, H. C.; Wang, C. H.; Liu, S. Q.; Thomas, T. J.; Yang, M. H. J. Alloy. Compd. 2020, 838, 155375. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155375
-
[46]
Wang, H. M.; Wu, Z. J.; Kong, J.; Wang, Z. Q.; Zhang, M. H. J. Solid State Chem. 2012, 194, 238. doi: 10.1016/j.jssc.2012.05.028
-
[47]
Fan, G. L.; Li, F.; Evans, D. G.; Duan, X. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 7040. doi: 10.1039/c4cs00160e
-
[48]
Jia, X. D.; Zhao, Y. F.; Chen, G. B.; Shang, L.; Shi, R.; Kang, X. F.; Waterhouse, G. I. N.; Wu, L. Z.; Tung, C. -H.; Zhang, T. R. Adv. Energy Mater. 2016, 6, 1502585. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201502585
-
[49]
Wang, Y. Y.; Xie, C.; Liu, D. D.; Huang, X. B.; Huo, J.; Wang, S. Y. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8(29), 18652. doi: 10.1021/acsami.6b05811
-
[50]
Yao, N.; Li, P.; Zhou, Z. R.; Zhao, Y. M.; Cheng, G. Z.; Chen, S. L.; Luo, W. Adv. Energy Mater. 2019, 1902449. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201902449
-
[51]
Rachuri, Y.; Bisht, K. K.; Parmar, B.; Suresh, E. Solid State Chem. 2015, 223, 23. doi: 10.1016/j.jssc.2014.05.012
-
[52]
Zhu, J. J.; Liu, C. C.; Sun, J.; Xing, Y. Y.; Quan, B.; Li, D.; Jiang, D. L. Electrochim. Acta 2020, 354, 136629. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136629
-
[53]
Xu, Q. C.; Jiang, H.; Li, Y. H.; Liang, D.; Hu, Y. J.; Li, C. Z. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2019, 256, 117893. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.117893
-
[54]
Wang, F. M.; Zhao, H. M.; Ma, Y. R.; Yang, Y.; Li, B.; Cui, Y. Y.; Guo, Z. Y.; Wang, L. J. Energy Chem. 2020, 50, 52. doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2020.03.006
-
[55]
Feng, X. G.; Wang, H. X.; Bo, X. J.; Guo, L. P. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11(8), 8018. doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b21369
-
[56]
Theerthagiri, J.; Dalavi, S. B.; Raja, M. M.; Panda, R. N. Mater. Res. Bull. 2013, 48 (11), 4444. doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.07.043
-
[57]
Jin, H. Y.; Gu, Q. F.; Chen, B.; Tang, C.; Zheng, Y.; Zhang, H.; Jaroniec, M.; Qiao, S. Z. Chem 2020, 6, 2382. doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.06.037
-
[58]
Guan, C.; Sumboja, A.; Zang, W. J.; Qian, Y. H.; Zhang, H.; Liu, X. M.; Liu, Z. L.; Zhao, D.; Pennycook, S. J.; Wang, J. Energy Storage Mater. 2019, 16, 243. doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2018.06.001
-
[59]
Gao, X. R.; Yu, Y.; Liang, Q. R.; Pang, Y. J.; Miao, L. Q.; Liu, X. M.; Kou, Z. K.; Hed, J.; Pennycookb, S. J.; Mu, S. C.; et al. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2020, 270, 118889. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.118889
-
[60]
Liu, T. T.; Li, M.; Bo, X. J.; Zhou, M. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2018, 6(9), 11457. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b01510
-
[61]
Hu, Y. W.; Xiong, T. Z.; Balogun, M. S. J. T.; Huang, Y. C.; Adekoya, D.; Zhang, S. Q.; Tong, Y. X. Mater. Today Phys. 2020, 100267. doi: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2020.100267
-
[62]
Kou, Z. K.; Wang, T. T.; Hu, H. J.; Zheng, L. R.; Mu, S. C.; Pan, Z. H.; Lyu, Z. Y.; Zang, W. J.; Pennycook, S. J.; Wang, J. Small 2019, 15, 1900248. doi: 10.1002/smll.201900248
-
[63]
Kou, Z. K.; Wang, T. T.; Gu, Q. L.; Xiong, M.; Zheng, L. R.; Li, X.; Pan, Z. H.; Chen, H.; Verpoort, F.; Cheetham, A. K.; et al. Adv. Energy Mater. 2019, 1803768. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201803768
-
[64]
Varga, T.; Ballai, G.; Vásárhelyi, L.; Haspel, H.; Kukovecz, A.; Konya, Z. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2018, 237, 826. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.06.054
-
[65]
Qi, W. L.; Zhou, Y.; Liu, S. Q.; Liu, H. H.; Hui, L. S.; Turak, A.; Wang, J.; Yang, M. H. Appl. Mater. Today 2020, 18, 100476. doi: 10.1016/j.apmt.2019.100476
-
[66]
Theerthagiri, J.; Leea, S. J.; Murthyb, A. P.; Madhavanb, J.; Choia, M. Y. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 2020, 24 (1), 100805. doi: 10.1016/j.cossms.2020.100805
-
[67]
Cheng, R. L.; He, H. L.; Pu, Z. H.; Amiinu, I. S.; Chen, L.; Wang, Z.; Li, G. Q.; Mu, S. C. Electrochim. Acta 2019, 298, 799. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.12.128
-
[68]
Liang, J.; Zhang, B.; Shen, H. Q.; Yin, Y.; Liu, L. Q.; Ma, Y. M.; Wang, X.; Xiao, C. H.; Kong, J.; Ding, S. J. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2020, 503, 144143. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.144143
-
[69]
Gao, D. Q.; Zhang, J. Y.; Wang, T. T.; Xiao, W.; Tao, K.; Xue, D. S.; Ding, J. J. Mater. Chem. A 2016, 4, 17363. doi: 10.1039/C6TA07883D
-
[70]
Jin, H. Y.; Liu, X.; Vasileff, A.; Jiao, Y.; Zhao, Y. Q.; Zheng, Y.; Qiao, S. Z. ACS Nano 2018, 12 (12), 12761. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07841
-
[71]
Yao, N.; Meng, R.; Wu, F.; Fan, Z.Y.; Cheng, G. Z.; Luo, W. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2020, 277, 119282. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119282
-
[72]
Xiang, M. Q.; Song, M.; Zhu, Q. S.; Yang, Y. F.; Hu, C. Q.; Liu, Z. W.; Zhao, H. D.; Ge, Y. Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 404, 126451. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126451
-
[73]
Gao, B. F.; Veith, G. M.; Neuefeind, J. C.; Adzic, R. R.; Khalifah, P. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135 (51), 19186. doi: 10.1021/ja4081056
-
[74]
Chen, P. Z.; Xu, K.; Tong, Y.; Li, X. L.; Tao, S. T.; Fang, Z. W.; Chu, W. S.; Wu, X. J.; Wu, C. Z. Inorg. Chem. Front. 2016, 3, 236. doi: 10.1039/C5QI00197H
-
[75]
Zhang, Y. Q.; Ouyang, B.; Xu, J.; Jia, G. C.; Chen, S.; Rawat, R. S.; Fan, H. J. Angew. Chem. 2016, 55 (30), 8670. doi: 10.1002/anie.201604372
-
[76]
Chen, P. Z.; Xu, K.; Fang, Z. W.; Tong, Y.; Wu, J. C.; Lu, X. L.; Peng, X.; Ding, H.; Wu, C. Z.; Xie, Y. Angew. Chem. 2015, 54 (49), 14710. doi: 10.1002/anie.201506480
-
[77]
Liu, T. T.; Tian, Y.; Li, M.; Su, Z. M.; Bai, J.; Ma, C. B.; Bo, X. J.; Guan, W.; Zhou, M. Electrochim. Acta 2019, 323, 134684. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134684
-
[78]
Li, X. R.; Wang, C. L.; Xue, H. G.; Pang, H.; Xu, Q. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2020, 422, 213468. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213468
-
[79]
Tareen, A. K.; Priyanga, G. S.; Khan, K.; Pervaiz, E. ChemSusChem 2019, 12, 3941. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201900553
-
[80]
Shao, Z. Y.; Sun, J.; Yan, Z.; Huang, K. K.; Tian, F. L.; Xue, H.; Wang, Q. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2020, 529, 147172. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.147172
-
[81]
Fu, X. G.; Zhu, J. S.; Ao, B.; Lyu, X. Y.; Chen, J. Inorg. Chem. Commun. 2020, 113, 107802. doi: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.107802
-
[82]
Yang, Y.; Zeng, R.; Xiong, Y.; DiSalvo, F. J.; Abruña, H. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141(49), 19241. doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b10809
-
[83]
Qi, J.; Jiang, L. H.; Jiang, Q.; Wang, S. L.; Sun, G. Q. J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114(42), 18159. doi: 10.1021/jp102284s
-
[84]
Kreider, M. E.; Kreider, A.; Back, S.; Liu, Y. Z.; Siahrostami, S.; Nordlund, D.; Sinclair, R.; Nørskov, J. K.; King, L. A.; Jaramillo, T. F. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11(30), 26863. doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b07116
-
[85]
Zheng, Y. Y.; Zhang, J.; Zhan, H. T.; Sun, D. L.; Dang, D.; Tian, X. L. Electrochem. Commun. 2018, 91, 31. doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.04.021
-
[86]
Chen, J. W.; Wei, X. Y.; Zhang, J.; Lou, Y.; Chen, Y. H.; Wang, G.; Wang, R. L. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2019, 58, 8, 2741. doi: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05719
-
[87]
Wang, M.; Yang, Y. S.; Liu, X. B.; Pu, Z. H.; Kou, Z. K.; Zhu, P. P.; Mu, S. C. Nanoscale 2017, 9, 7641. doi: 10.1039/C7NR01925D
-
[88]
Radwan, A.; Jin, H. H.; Liu, B. S.; Chen, Z. B.; Wu, Q.; Zhao, X.; He, D. P.; Mu, S. C. Carbon 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2020.09.024
-
[89]
Zhang, J.; Chen, J. W.; Luo, Y.; Chen, Y. H.; Li, Z. J.; Shi, J. J.; Wang, G. Carbon 2020, 159, 16. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2019.12.027
-
[90]
Zhang, J.; Chen, J. W.; Luo, Y.; Chen, Y. H.; Li, Z. J.; Shi, J. J.; Wang, G.; Wang, R. L. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2020, 8(1), 382. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b05655
-
[91]
Varga, T.; Vásárhelyi, L.; Ballai, G.; Haspel, H.; Oszkó, A.; Kukovecz, Á.; Kónya, Z. ACS Omega 2019, 4 (1), 130. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02646
-
[92]
Norskov, J. K. Rep. Prog. Phys. 1990, 53 (10), 1253. doi: 10.1088/0034-4885/53/10/001
-
[93]
Norskov, J. K. Prog. Surf. Sci. 1991, 38(2), 103. doi: 10.1016/0079-6816(91)90007-Q
-
[94]
Guan, J. L.; Li, C. F.; Zhao, J. W.; Yang, Y. Z.; Zhou, W.; Wang, Y.; Li, G. R. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2020, 269, 118600. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.118600
-
[95]
Hu, Y. W.; Yang, H.; Chen, J. J.; Xiong, T. Z.; Balogun, M. -S.; Tong, Y. X. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11(5), 5152. doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b20717
-
[96]
Liu, X. L.; Lv, X. S.; Wang, P.; Zhang, Q. Q.; Huang, B. B.; Wang, Z. Y.; Liu, Y. Y.; Zheng, Z. K.; Dai, Y. Electrochim. Acta 2020, 333, 135488. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135488
-
[97]
Chen, Q.; Wang, R.; Yu, M. H.; Zeng, Y. X.; Lu, F. Q.; Kuang, X. J.; Lu, X. H. Electrochim. Acta 2017, 247, 666. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.07.025
-
[98]
Liu, Z. H.; Tan, H.; Xin, J. P.; Duan, J. Z.; Su, X. W.; Hao, P.; Xie, J. F.; Zhan, J.; Zhang, J.; Wang, J. J. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10(4), 3699. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b18671
-
[99]
Jia, J. R.; Zhai, M. K.; Lv, J. J.; Zhao, B. X.; Du, H. B.; Zhu, J. J. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10(36), 30400. doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b09854
-
[100]
Guo, H. P.; Ruan B. Y.; Luo, W. B.; Deng, J. Q.; Wang, J. Z.; Liu, H. K.; Dou, S. X. ACS Catal. 2018, 8(10), 9686. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01821
-
[101]
Ge, H. Y.; Li, G. D.; Shen, J. X.; Ma, W. Q.; Meng, X. G.; Xu, L. Q. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2020, 275, 119104. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119104
-
[102]
Chen, L. L.; Zhang, Y. L.; Liu, X. J.; Long, L.; Wang, S. Y.; Xu, X. L.; Liu, M. C.; Yang, W. X.; Jia, J. B. Carbon 2019, 151, 10. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2019.05.063
-
[103]
Wang, Q.; Shang, L.; Shi, R.; Zhang, X.; Waterhouse, G. I. N.; Wu, L. Z.; Tung, C. H.; Zhang, T. R. Nano Energy 2017, 40, 382. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.08.040
-
[104]
玄翠娟, 王杰, 朱静, 王得丽.物理化学学报, 2017, 33(1), 149. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201609143Xuan, C. J.; Wang, J.; Zhu, J.; Wang, D. L. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2017, 33(1), 149. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201609143
-
[105]
Zhang, X. L.; Yang, Z. X.; Lu, Z. S.; Wang, W. C. Carbon 2018, 130, 112. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2017.12.121
-
[106]
Liu, J. M.; Wang, C. B.; Sun, H. M.; Wang, H.; Rong, F. L.; He, L. H.; Lou, Y. F.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, Z. H.; Du, M. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2020, 279, 119407. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119407
-
[107]
Zou, H. Y.; Li, G.; Duan, L. L.; Kou, Z. K.; Wang, J. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2019, 259, 118100. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118100
-
[108]
Guo, Y. Y.; Yuan, P. F.; Zhang, J. N.; Xia, H. C.; Cheng, F. Y.; Zhou, M. F.; Li, J.; Qiao, Y. Y.; Mu, S. C.; Xu, Q. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2018, 28, 51. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201805641
-
[109]
Amiinu, I. S.; Pu, Z. H.; Liu, X. B.; Owusu, K. A.; Monestel, H. G. R.; Boakye, F. O.; Zhang, H. N.; Mu, S. C. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2017, 27, 1702300. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201702300
-
[1]
-
扫一扫看文章
计量
- PDF下载量: 145
- 文章访问数: 8044
- HTML全文浏览量: 2055

下载: