English

Toward Practical Lithium-Air Batteries by Avoiding Negative Effects of CO₂

• Tianjie Wang ^{1, †,} ,
• Yaowei Wang ^{1, 2, †,} ,
• Yuhui Chen ^{1, ,} ,
• Jianpeng Liu ^2, ,
• Huibing Shi ^2, ,
• Limin Guo ^{3, ,} ,
• Zhiwei Zhao ^4, ,
• Chuntai Liu ^5, ,
• Zhangquan Peng ^{4, 6, ,}

• 1.

  State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu Province, China

• 2.

  Shandong Chambroad Petrochemicals Co., Ltd., Boxing 256500, Shandong Province, China

• 3.

  College of Environment & Chemical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, Liaoning Province, China

• 4.

  Laboratory of Spectro-electrochemistry and Li-ion Batteries, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China

• 5.

  College of Materials Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China

• 6.

  School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China

• ^†These authors contributed equally to this work.

Author Bio: Yuhui Chen obtained his Bachelor degree in Fudan University in 2009, and received his Ph.D. degree from University of St Andrews (United Kingdom) in 2014. Later, he worked with Prof. Peter Bruce at the University of Oxford (United Kingdom) on the topic of metal-air batteries. Since 2017, he is the professor at Nanjing Tech University. His research interests include CO₂ electrochemical catalysis and novel batteries such as metal-air batteries;Limin Guo obtained her MSc and Ph.D. degrees from Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC) in 2004 and 2016, respectively. In 2018 she worked as an assistant professor in Jilin Engineering Normal University and promoted to full professor in 2020. Currently she is a professor in the College of Environment & Chemical Engineering of Dalian Jiaotong University. Her research interests include non-aqueous lithium-ion and lithium-air batteries investigated by the in situ electrochemistry techniques;Zhangquan Peng obtained his Bachelor degree in Wuhan University in 1997, and received his MSc and Ph.D. degrees from Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC) in 2000 and 2003, respectively. He continued by working as a postdoctoral researcher at University of Dusseldorf (Germany), University of Aarhus (Denmark) and University of St Andrews (United Kingdom) from 2004 to 2012. From 2012 to 2020, he worked as a principle investigator on the topic of interfacial electrochemistry of various energy storage devices in CIAC. Currently, he is the supervisor of the Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-electrochemistry and Li-ion Batteries, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP). His research interests include in situ electrochemistry coupled with theoretical calculation focusing on Li-ion and Li-O₂ batteries;

Corresponding author: Yuhui Chen, cheny@njtech.edu.cn Limin Guo, lmguo@ciac.ac.cn Zhangquan Peng, zqpeng@dicp.ac.cn

• Received Date: 21 September 2020
  Accepted Date: 16 October 2020
  Revised Date: 15 October 2020
  Available Online: 15 August 2022
• Fund Project:

  the National Key R&D Program of China 2016YFB0100100

  the National Key R&D Program of China 2018YFB0104400

  the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21972055

  the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21825202

  the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21575135

  the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21733012

  the National Natural Science Foundation of China 51773092

  the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21975124

  the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21972133

  the Newton Advanced Fellowships of Royal Society of England NAF/R2/180603

Abstract: The gradual popularization of new energy technologies has led to rapid development in the field of electric transportation. At present, the demand for high-power density batteries is increasing and next-generation higher-energy battery chemistries aimed at replacing current lithium-ion batteries are emerging. The lithium-air batteries (LABs) are thought to be the ultimate energy conversion and storage system, because of their highest theoretical specific energy compared with other known battery systems. Current LABs are operated with pure O₂ provided by weighty O₂ cylinders instead of the breathing air, and this configuration would greatly undermine LAB's energy density and practicality. However, when the breathing air is used as O₂ feed for LABs, CO₂, as an inevitable impurity therein, usually leads to severe parasitic reactions and can easily deteriorate the performance of LABs. Specifically, Li₂O₂ will react with CO₂ to form Li₂CO₃ on the cathode surface. Compared with the desired discharge product Li₂O₂, the Li₂CO₃ is an insulating solid, which will accumulate and finally passivate the electrode surface leading to the "sudden death" phenomenon of LABs. Moreover, Li₂CO₃ is hard to decompose and a high overpotential is required to charge LABs containing Li₂CO₃ compounds, which not only degrades energy efficiency but also decomposes other battery components (e.g., cathode materials and electrolytes). In recent years, researchers have proposed many strategies to alleviate the negative effects brought about by Li₂CO₃, such as catalyst engineering, electrolyte design, and so on, in which O₂ selective permeable membranes are worth noting. This review summarizes the recent progresses on the understanding of the CO₂-related chemistry and electrochemistry in LABs and describes the various strategies to mitigate and even avoid the negative effects of CO₂. The perspective of CO₂ separation technology using selective permeable membranes/filters in the context of LABs is also discussed.

Key words:
• Lithium-air battery
•  /  Reaction mechanism
•  /  CO₂ separation

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