基于碳纳米材料的神经电极技术

引用本文: 刘杨, 段小洁. 基于碳纳米材料的神经电极技术[J]. 物理化学学报, 2020, 36(12): 200706. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202007066 shu

Citation: Liu Yang, Duan Xiaojie. Carbon-based Nanomaterials for Neural Electrode Technology[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2020, 36(12): 200706. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202007066 shu

基于碳纳米材料的神经电极技术

刘杨 ^1, ,
段小洁 ^{1,2,
,}

1.
北京大学工学院生物医学工程系，北京 100871
2.
北京大学前沿交叉学科研究院，北京 100871

作者简介:
段小洁，1980年生。本科毕业于兰州大学，在北京大学获得博士学位。现为北京大学工学院生物医学工程系研究员。主要研究方向为新型神经电极技术的研发及应用;

通讯作者: 段小洁, xjduan@pku.edu.cn

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金(21972005, 91648207, 81771821), 国家重点研发计划(2016YFA0200103)及北京石墨烯产业培育项目(Z191100000819001)资助

摘要: 神经电极技术是监测和调控神经活动的重要手段，在基础神经科学研究和神经系统疾病诊疗方面有着广泛的应用。这项技术的关键在于神经电极与生物组织之间形成高效而且稳定的神经界面，从而实现高分辨、安全且长期稳定的神经记录和刺激。碳纳米材料因其优异的电学、力学和化学性质被用于构筑神经界面，形成了多种基于石墨烯和碳纳米管的神经电极及其阵列，包括可以改善界面稳定性从而获得长期稳定电学记录的柔性深度电极、可以实现电生理测量和光学刺激/成像联用的透明电极阵列、以及与磁共振成像高度兼容的神经电极等。本文将综述近年来基于石墨烯和碳纳米管的神经电极技术的发展及应用，并对纳米碳基神经电极的未来发展方向进行展望。

关键词:

English

Carbon-based Nanomaterials for Neural Electrode Technology

Liu Yang ^1, ,
Duan Xiaojie ^{1,2,
,}

1.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2.
Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Corresponding author: Xiaojie Duan, Email: xjduan@pku.edu.cn; Tel.: +86-10-62745972

Received Date: 25 July 2020
Accepted Date: 23 August 2020
Revised Date: 21 August 2020
Available Online: 15 December 2020
Fund Project:

The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21972005, 91648207, 81771821), the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2016YFA0200103), and the Beijing Graphene Innovation Program (Z191100000819001)

Abstract: As a powerful tool for monitoring and modulating neural activities, implantable neural electrodes constitute the basis for a wide range of applications, including fundamental studies of brain circuits and functions, treatment of various neurological diseases, and realization of brain-machine interfaces. However, conventional neural electrodes have the issue of mechanical mismatch with soft neural tissues, which can result in tissue inflammation and gliosis, thus causing degradation of function over chronic implantation. Furthermore, implantable neural electrodes, especially depth electrodes, can only carry out limited data sampling within predefined anatomical regions, making it challenging to perform large-area brain mapping. With excellent electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties, carbon-based nanomaterials, including graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have been used as materials of implantable neural electrodes in recent years. Electrodes made from graphene and CNT fibers exhibit low electrochemical impedance, benefiting from the porous microstructure of the fibers. This enables a much smaller size of neural electrode. Together with the low Young's modulus of the fibers, this small size results in very soft electrodes. Soft neural electrodes made from graphene and CNT fibers show a much-reduced inflammatory response and enable stable chronic in vivo action potential recording for 4-5 months. Combining different modalities of neural interfacing, including electrophysiological measurement, optical imaging/stimulation, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), could leverage the spatial and temporal resolution advantages of different techniques, thus providing new insights into how neural circuits process information. Transparent neural electrode arrays made from graphene or CNTs enable simultaneous calcium imaging through the transparent electrodes, from which concurrent electrical recording is taken, thus providing complementary cellular information in addition to high-temporal-resolution electrical recording. Transparent neural electrodes from carbon-based nanomaterials can record well-defined neuronal response signals with negligible light-induced artifacts from cortical surfaces under optogenetic stimulation. Graphene and CNT-based materials were used to fabricate MRI-compatible neural electrodes with negligible artifacts under high field MRI. Simultaneous deep brain stimulation (DBS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with graphene fiber electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in Parkinsonian rats revealed robust blood oxygenation level dependent responses along the basal ganglia-thalamocortical network in a frequency-dependent manner, with responses from some regions not previously detectable. This review introduces the recent development and application of neural electrode technologies based on graphene and CNTs. We also discuss biological safety issues and challenges faced by neural electrodes made from carbon nanomaterials. The use of carbon-based nanomaterials for the fabrication of various soft and multi-modality compatible neural electrodes will provide a powerful platform for both fundamental and translational neuroscience research.

Key words:

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1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

基于碳纳米材料的神经电极技术

作者简介:
段小洁，1980年生。本科毕业于兰州大学，在北京大学获得博士学位。现为北京大学工学院生物医学工程系研究员。主要研究方向为新型神经电极技术的研发及应用;

通讯作者: 段小洁, xjduan@pku.edu.cn

English

Carbon-based Nanomaterials for Neural Electrode Technology

Corresponding author: Xiaojie Duan, Email: xjduan@pku.edu.cn; Tel.: +86-10-62745972

CCS Chemistry：嵌段共聚物自组装成 “三明治”二维有机材料，实现纳米级压力传感功能

CCS Chemistry：颜徐州、鲍哲南：你的皮肤可能是一片SPMs

CCS Chemistry：工作高效不疲劳，只须让催化剂动起来

CCS Chemistry：静电组装导向聚合- 聚电解质纳米凝胶量化制备新策略

CCS Chemistry：金黄色葡萄球菌醛基脱氢酶是如何识别特异性底物的？

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

中国化学会秘书处

基于碳纳米材料的神经电极技术

作者简介: 段小洁，1980年生。本科毕业于兰州大学，在北京大学获得博士学位。现为北京大学工学院生物医学工程系研究员。主要研究方向为新型神经电极技术的研发及应用;

通讯作者: 段小洁, xjduan@pku.edu.cn

English

Carbon-based Nanomaterials for Neural Electrode Technology

Corresponding author: Xiaojie Duan, Email: xjduan@pku.edu.cn; Tel.: +86-10-62745972

CCS Chemistry：嵌段共聚物自组装成 “三明治”二维有机材料，实现纳米级压力传感功能

CCS Chemistry：颜徐州、鲍哲南： 你的皮肤可能是一片SPMs

CCS Chemistry：工作高效不疲劳，只须让催化剂动起来

CCS Chemistry：静电组装导向聚合- 聚电解质纳米凝胶量化制备新策略

CCS Chemistry：金黄色葡萄球菌醛基脱氢酶是如何识别特异性底物的？

计量

文章相关

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

中国化学会秘书处

作者简介:
段小洁，1980年生。本科毕业于兰州大学，在北京大学获得博士学位。现为北京大学工学院生物医学工程系研究员。主要研究方向为新型神经电极技术的研发及应用;

CCS Chemistry：颜徐州、鲍哲南：你的皮肤可能是一片SPMs