Citation: YU Chao, QIU Ke-Qiang, CHEN Qi-Yuan. Thermodynamic Analysis of Silicothermic Reduction Zinc Oxide in Vacuum[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2011, 27(06): 1312-1318. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB20110524 shu

Thermodynamic Analysis of Silicothermic Reduction Zinc Oxide in Vacuum

1.
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China

Received Date: 13 December 2010
Available Online: 11 April 2011
Fund Project: 国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973) (2007CB613601)资助 (973) (2007CB613601)

The Gibbs free energy of a vacuum silicothermic reduction for the production of metallic zinc was calculated and analyzed thermodynamically. The results show that reducing ZnO by silicon is thermodynamically possible at 1100-1500 K. However, about 50%(w) of the ZnO was not reduced because the SiO₂ generated by the reduction of ZnO with silicon can react with ZnO and produce 2ZnO·SiO₂. Upon the addition of CaO, it can react with SiO₂ before ZnO to inhibit the production of 2ZnO·SiO₂ and ZnO can be reduced to Zn completely. Slagging reactions and the vacuum technique can be used to lower the Gibbs free energy of the reduction reaction. We carried out experiments to reduce ZnO from hot dip galvanizing ash using silicon. The results showed that the reduction efficiency of ZnO was 92.81% and the metal Zn obtained was well crystallized under the following experimental conditions: a temperature of 1448 K, a vacuum reduction time of 120 min, and a residual gas pressure of 20 Pa. X-ray diffraction (XRD)analysis indicated that the main compound in the slag was 2CaO·SiO₂.
- Vacuum silicothermic reduction,
- Hot dip galvanizing ash,
- Thermodynamics,
- Slagging reaction,
- Zinc metal
1. [1]
  
  (1) Ren, X. L.; Wei, Q. F.; Hu, S. R.; Wei, S. J. J. Hazard. Mater. 2010, 181, 908.
2. [2]
  (2) Carrera, J. A.; Bringas, E.; Román, M. F.; Ortiz, I. J. Membr. Sci. 2009, 326, 672.
3. [3]
  (3) Díaz, G.; Martín, D. Resour. Conserv. Recy. 1994, 10, 43.
4. [4]
  (4) Cinar, F.; Sahin, B. D.; Yücel, O. Scand. J. Metall. 2000, 29, 224.
5. [5]
  (5) Gupta, M. K.; Gupta, B. L.; Raghavan, R. Hydrometallurgy 1989, 22, 379.
6. [6]
  (6) Mei, G. G.; Wang, D. R.; Zhou, J. Y.; Wang, H. Hydrometallurgy of Zinc; Central South University Press: Changsha, 2001; pp 151-260.
7. [7]
  [梅光贵, 王德润, 周敬元, 王辉. 湿法冶金学. 长沙: 中南大学出版社, 2001: 151-260.]
8. [8]
  (7) Dvo?ák, P.; Jandová, J. Hydrometallurgy 2005, 77, 29.
9. [9]
  (8) Rabah, M. A.; El-Sayed, A. S. Hydrometallurgy 1995, 37, 23.
10. [10]
  (9) Mei, Z.; Peng, R. Q. Metallurgy of Lead and Zinc; Science Press: Beijing, 2003; pp 575-586.
11. [11]
  [梅炽, 彭容秋. 铅锌冶金学. 北京: 科学出版社, 2003: 575-586.]
12. [12]
  (10) Masud, A.; Abdel, L. Miner. Eng. 2002, 15, 945.
13. [13]
  (11) Marcus, C.; Zevenbergen, L. A. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A 1999, 438, 30.
14. [14]
  (12) Xiong, L. Z.; Chen, Q. Y.; Yin, Z. L.; Zhang, P. M. The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering 2010, 10, 133.
15. [15]
  [熊利芝, 陈启元, 尹周澜, 张平民. 过程工程学报, 2010, 10, 133.]
16. [16]
  (13) Ye, D. L.; Hu, J. H. The Practical Thermodynamics Data Book of Inorganic Substances, 2nd ed.; Metallurgical Industry Press: Beijing, 2002; pp 205-1912.
17. [17]
  [叶大伦, 胡建华. 实用无机物热力学数据手册. 第2版. 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 2002: 205-1912.]
18. [18]
  (14) Kubaschewski, O.; Alcock, C. B. Metallurgical Thermochemistry, 5th ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1979; pp 268-326.
1. [1]
  Ruming Yuan , Pingping Wu , Laiying Zhang , Xiaoming Xu , Gang Fu . Patriotic Devotion, Upholding Integrity and Innovation, Wholeheartedly Nurturing the New: The Ideological and Political Design of the Experiment on Determining the Thermodynamic Functions of Chemical Reactions by Electromotive Force Method. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 125-132. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311057
2. [2]
  Yiying Yang , Dongju Zhang . Elucidating the Concepts of Thermodynamic Control and Kinetic Control in Chemical Reactions through Theoretical Chemistry Calculations: A Computational Chemistry Experiment on the Diels-Alder Reaction. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 327-335. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309074
3. [3]
  Yuchen Zhou , Huanmin Liu , Hongxing Li , Xinyu Song , Yonghua Tang , Peng Zhou . Designing thermodynamically stable noble metal single-atom photocatalysts for highly efficient non-oxidative conversion of ethanol into high-purity hydrogen and value-added acetaldehyde. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(6): 100067-. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100067
4. [4]
  Jianchun Wang , Ruyu Xie . The Fantastical Dance of Miss Electron: Contra-Thermodynamic Electrocatalytic Reactions. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 331-339. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202406082
5. [5]
  Xiaohui Li , Ze Zhang , Jingyi Cui , Juanjuan Yin . Advanced Exploration and Practice of Teaching in the Experimental Course of Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics under the “High Order, Innovative, and Challenging” Framework. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(7): 368-376. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311027
6. [6]
  Shanghua Li , Malin Li , Xiwen Chi , Xin Yin , Zhaodi Luo , Jihong Yu . 基于高离子迁移动力学的取向ZnQ分子筛保护层实现高稳定水系锌金属负极的构筑. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(1): 2309003-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202309003
7. [7]
  Yue Wu , Jun Li , Bo Zhang , Yan Yang , Haibo Li , Xian-Xi Zhang . Research on Kinetic and Thermodynamic Transformations of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials for Fluorescent Anti-Counterfeiting Application information: Introducing a Comprehensive Chemistry Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(6): 390-399. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202403028
8. [8]
  Ping ZHANG , Chenchen ZHAO , Xiaoyun CUI , Bing XIE , Yihan LIU , Haiyu LIN , Jiale ZHANG , Yu'nan CHEN . Preparation and adsorption-photocatalytic performance of ZnAl@layered double oxides. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(10): 1965-1974. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240014
9. [9]
  Mengyao Shi , Kangle Su , Qingming Lu , Bin Zhang , Xiaowen Xu . Determination of Potassium Content in Tobacco Stem Ash by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(10): 255-260. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404105
10. [10]
  Yang Lv , Yingping Jia , Yanhua Li , Hexiang Zhong , Xinping Wang . Integrating the Ideological Elements with the “Chemical Reaction Heat” Teaching. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 44-51. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202402059
11. [11]
  Kun Xu , Xinxin Song , Zhilei Yin , Jian Yang , Qisheng Song . Comprehensive Experimental Design of Preferential Orientation of Zinc Metal by Heat Treatment for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 192-197. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309050
12. [12]
  Haiyu Zhu , Zhuoqun Wen , Wen Xiong , Xingzhan Wei , Zhi Wang . Accurate and efficient prediction of Schottky barrier heights in 2D semimetal/silicon heterojunctions. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(7): 100078-. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100078
13. [13]
  Guojie Xu , Fang Yu , Yunxia Wang , Meng Sun . Introduction to Metal-Catalyzed β-Carbon Elimination Reaction of Cyclopropenones. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(8): 169-173. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401060
14. [14]
  Lu XU , Chengyu ZHANG , Wenjuan JI , Haiying YANG , Yunlong FU . Zinc metal-organic framework with high-density free carboxyl oxygen functionalized pore walls for targeted electrochemical sensing of paracetamol. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(5): 907-918. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230431
15. [15]
  Qiuyang LUO , Xiaoning TANG , Shu XIA , Junnan LIU , Xingfu YANG , Jie LEI . Application of a densely hydrophobic copper metal layer in-situ prepared with organic solvents for protecting zinc anodes. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1243-1253. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240110
16. [16]
  Hong CAI , Jiewen WU , Jingyun LI , Lixian CHEN , Siqi XIAO , Dan LI . Synthesis of a zinc-cobalt bimetallic adenine metal-organic framework for the recognition of sulfur-containing amino acids. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(1): 114-122. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240382
17. [17]
  Xingyang LI , Tianju LIU , Yang GAO , Dandan ZHANG , Yong ZHOU , Meng PAN . A superior methanol-to-propylene catalyst: Construction via synergistic regulation of pore structure and acidic property of high-silica ZSM-5 zeolite. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1279-1289. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240026
18. [18]
  Jiaqi AN , Yunle LIU , Jianxuan SHANG , Yan GUO , Ce LIU , Fanlong ZENG , Anyang LI , Wenyuan WANG . Reactivity of extremely bulky silylaminogermylene chloride and bonding analysis of a cubic tetragermylene. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(8): 1511-1518. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240072
19. [19]
  Yeyun Zhang , Ling Fan , Yanmei Wang , Zhenfeng Shang . Development and Application of Kinetic Reaction Flasks in Physical Chemistry Experimental Teaching. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 100-106. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308044
20. [20]
  Jiaxun Wu , Mingde Li , Li Dang . The R eaction of Metal Selenium Complexes with Olefins as a Tutorial Case Study for Analyzing Molecular Orbital Interaction Modes. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(3): 108-115. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405098

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(1169)
Abstract views(2454)
HTML views(24)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142