Home

Citation: Shuying Li, Wendong Sun. Basic Thermodynamic Equations in the Gravitational Field and Their Applications[J]. University Chemistry, ;2024, 39(1): 359-363. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307025 shu

Basic Thermodynamic Equations in the Gravitational Field and Their Applications

Shuying Li ,
Wendong Sun ^,

Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China

Corresponding author: Wendong Sun, sunwd843@nenu.edu.cn
Received Date: 10 July 2023

Through the introduction of the molar gravitational potential energy for component B, we derive the fundamental thermodynamic equations for a multi-component system in a gravitational field. The gravitational chemical potential is defined, allowing for the determination of the direction and extent of changes. Concluding, we provide application examples of the criteria based on the gravitational chemical potential:the pressure distribution formula for an ideal gas as a function of altitude, and the sedimentation equilibrium formula for sol particles in a medium.
- Gravitational field,
- Basic equation of thermodynamics,
- Gravitational chemical potential,
- Molar gravitational potential energy
1. [1]
2. [2]
3. [3]
  Denbigh, K. G. The Principles of Chemical Equilibrium, 4th ed.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 1981; pp. 87–88.
4. [4]
5. [5]
6. [6]
1. [1]
  Ruming Yuan , Pingping Wu , Laiying Zhang , Xiaoming Xu , Gang Fu . Patriotic Devotion, Upholding Integrity and Innovation, Wholeheartedly Nurturing the New: The Ideological and Political Design of the Experiment on Determining the Thermodynamic Functions of Chemical Reactions by Electromotive Force Method. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 125-132. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311057
2. [2]
  Yiying Yang , Dongju Zhang . Elucidating the Concepts of Thermodynamic Control and Kinetic Control in Chemical Reactions through Theoretical Chemistry Calculations: A Computational Chemistry Experiment on the Diels-Alder Reaction. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 327-335. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309074
3. [3]
  Yue Wu , Jun Li , Bo Zhang , Yan Yang , Haibo Li , Xian-Xi Zhang . Research on Kinetic and Thermodynamic Transformations of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials for Fluorescent Anti-Counterfeiting Application information: Introducing a Comprehensive Chemistry Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(6): 390-399. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202403028
4. [4]
  Jianchun Wang , Ruyu Xie . The Fantastical Dance of Miss Electron: Contra-Thermodynamic Electrocatalytic Reactions. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 331-339. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202406082
5. [5]
  Xiaohui Li , Ze Zhang , Jingyi Cui , Juanjuan Yin . Advanced Exploration and Practice of Teaching in the Experimental Course of Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics under the “High Order, Innovative, and Challenging” Framework. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(7): 368-376. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311027
6. [6]
  Jia Huo , Jia Li , Yongjun Li , Yuzhi Wang . Ideological and Political Design of Physical Chemistry Teaching: Chemical Potential of Any Component in an Ideal-Dilute Solution. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(2): 14-20. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307075
7. [7]
  Yuchen Zhou , Huanmin Liu , Hongxing Li , Xinyu Song , Yonghua Tang , Peng Zhou . 设计热力学稳定的贵金属单原子光催化剂用于乙醇的高效非氧化转化形成高纯氢和增值产物乙醛. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(6): 100067-. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100067
8. [8]
  Jia Zhou . Constructing Potential Energy Surface of Water Molecule by Quantum Chemistry and Machine Learning: Introduction to a Comprehensive Computational Chemistry Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 351-358. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309060
9. [9]
  Xuan Zhou , Yi Fan , Zhuoqi Jiang , Zhipeng Li , Guowen Yuan , Laiying Zhang , Xu Hou . Liquid Gating Mechanism and Basic Properties Characterization: a New Experimental Design for Interface and Surface Properties in the Chemistry “101 Plan”. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(10): 113-120. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202407111
10. [10]
  Jinfu Ma , Hui Lu , Jiandong Wu , Zhongli Zou . Teaching Design of Electrochemical Principles Course Based on “Cognitive Laws”: Kinetics of Electron Transfer Steps. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 174-177. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309052
11. [11]
  Yeyun Zhang , Ling Fan , Yanmei Wang , Zhenfeng Shang . Development and Application of Kinetic Reaction Flasks in Physical Chemistry Experimental Teaching. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 100-106. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308044
12. [12]
  Peifeng Su , Xin Lu . Development of Undergraduate Quantum Mechanics Module in Chemistry Department under the “Double First Class” Initiative. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(8): 99-103. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401087
13. [13]
  Dexin Tan , Limin Liang , Baoyi Lv , Huiwen Guan , Haicheng Chen , Yanli Wang . Exploring Reverse Teaching Practices in Physical Chemistry Experiment Courses: A Case Study on Chemical Reaction Kinetics. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 79-86. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403048
14. [14]
  Xuzhen Wang , Xinkui Wang , Dongxu Tian , Wei Liu . Enhancing the Comprehensive Quality and Innovation Abilities of Graduate Students through a “Student-Centered, Dual Integration and Dual Drive” Teaching Model: A Case Study in the Course of Chemical Reaction Kinetics. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(6): 160-165. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401074
15. [15]
  Haiying Jiang , Huilin Guo , Yongliang Cheng , Tongyu Xu , Jiquan Liu , Mingli Peng . Teaching Design of the Nernst Equation Based on the “Flipped Classroom” Method. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(8): 84-90. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312091
16. [16]
  Yan Li , Xinze Wang , Xue Yao , Shouyun Yu . 基于激发态手性铜催化的烯烃E→Z异构的动力学拆分——推荐一个本科生综合化学实验. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 1-10. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309053
17. [17]
  Dongju Zhang . Exploring the Descriptions and Connotations of Basic Concepts of Teaching Crystal Structures. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 18-22. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304003
18. [18]
  Siming Bian , Sijie Luo , Junjie Ou . Application of van Deemter Equation in Instrumental Analysis Teaching: A New Type of Core-Shell Stationary Phase. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(3): 381-386. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202406087
19. [19]
  Hao Ren , Wen Zhao , Fangna Dai , Wenyue Guo . Finite Difference Solution of One-Dimensional Quantum Systems: (1) Fundamental Concepts and Infinite Square Well. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(3): 124-131. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405145
20. [20]
  Wenqi Gao , Xiaoyan Fan , Feixiang Wang , Zhuojun Fu , Jing Zhang , Enlai Hu , Peijun Gong . Exploring Nernst Equation Factors and Applications of Solid Zinc-Air Battery. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 98-107. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310026

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(9)
Abstract views(818)
HTML views(96)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Address：Zhongguancun North First Street 2,100190 Beijing, PR China Tel: +86-010-82449177-888

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Return