Citation: Jing-Xian JIA, Yu PANG, Jing YANG, Min-Xian LI, Xiang-Jun MENG, Xiao-Zhen GAO, Li-Hua LIU, Meng-Na LIU. Theoretical Study on the Nitrogen-rich Derivatives Based on 1, 2, 4-Triazole and 1, 2, 3-Triazole Rings: an Extended Family of Power Performance Energetic Materials[J]. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, ;2021, 40(9): 1113-1121. doi: 10.14102/j.cnki.0254–5861.2011–3143 shu

Theoretical Study on the Nitrogen-rich Derivatives Based on 1, 2, 4-Triazole and 1, 2, 3-Triazole Rings: an Extended Family of Power Performance Energetic Materials

a.
Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal College, Tangshan 063000, China
b.
Yangquan Municipal Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation, Shanxi Institute of Technology, Yangquan 045000, China

Corresponding author: Jing YANG, yjlzddove@gmail.com
Received Date: 17 February 2021
Accepted Date: 6 May 2021

Fund Project: the Foundation Project of Tangshan Normal University 2021B37the Foundation Project of Tangshan Normal University 2021B32the School Fund of Shanxi Institute of Technology 2019004the Fund of Shanxi Provincial Education Department 2019L0986

Figures(1)

The geometric and electronic structures of the derivatives of 4-nitro-5-(5-nitroimino-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl)-2H-1, 2, 3-triazolate (named A~J) are explored employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-311G** level of theory. Based on the optimized molecular structures, the heats of formation (HOF) are obtained, and the electronic properties, density and molecular sensitivity by characteristic heights (H₅₀) are discussed. Besides, the detonation performances (detonation velocity, detonation pressure) are estimated via Kamlet-Jacobs (K-J) formula. Compounds B (H₅₀ = 29.4 cm, ρ = 1.91 g/cm³, Q = 1563.04 cal/g, P = 36.05 GPa, D = 8.95 km/s) and H (H₅₀ = 31.9 cm, ρ = 1.80 g/cm³, Q = 1610.09 cal/g, P = 37.31 GPa, D = 9.12 km/s) have positive HOFs and remarkable insensitivity and good detonation performance, strongly suggesting them as the acceptable new-type explosive. The initiating power surpasses conventional primary explosives, such as HMX. The outstanding detonation power of compounds B and H contributes to its future prospects as a promising green primary explosive.
- 4-nitro-5-(5-nitroimino-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl)-2H-1, 2, 3-triazolate,
- high energy density materials,
- density functional theory,
- explosive
1. [1]
  Kumar, M. A.; Ashutosh, P.; Vargeese, A. A. Decomposition mechanism of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) by coupled computational and experimental study. J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123, 4014–40203. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01197
2. [2]
  Zhang, J. C.; Zhu, Z. Y.; Zhou, M. Q.; Zhang J. H.; Hooper, J. P.; Shreeve, J. M. Superior high-energy-density biocidal agent achieved with a 3D metal-organic framework. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 40541−40547. doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c12251
3. [3]
  Qu, R. J.; Liu, H. X.; Feng, M. B.; Yang, X.; Wang, Z. Y. Investigation on intramolecular hydrogen bond and some thermodynamic properties of polyhydroxylated anthraquinones. J. Chem. Eng. Data 2012, 57, 2442−2455. doi: 10.1021/je300407g
4. [4]
  Park, A.; Jeong, Y.; Lee, T. K.; Park, M. W.; Lim, H. Y.; Sung, J.; Cho, J.; Kwak, S. K.; Hong, S. Y.; Choi, N. S. Replacing conventional battery electrolyte additives with dioxolone derivatives for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 838−850. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21106-6
5. [5]
  Zhang, W. Q.; Zhang, J. H.; Deng, M. C.; Qi, X. J.; Nie, F. D.; Zhang, Q. H. A promising high-energy-density material. Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 181−187. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00286-0
6. [6]
  Liu, Z.; Lu, T.; Xue, F.; Nie, H. C.; Ray, W.; Andrew, S.; Felipe, K.; Narendirakumar, N.; Dong, X. L.; Yu, D. H.; Chen, L. Q.; Liu, Y.; Wang, G. S. Lead-free (Ag, K)NbO₃ materials for high-performance explosive energy conversion. Sci Adv. 2020, 6, eaba0367−eaba0377. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aba0367
7. [7]
  Tang, Y. X.; He, C. L.; Imler, G. H.; Parrish, D. A.; Shreeve, J. M. Aminonitro groups surrounding a fused pyrazolotriazine ring: a superior thermally stable and insensitive energetic material. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2019, 2, 2263–2267. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.9b00049
8. [8]
  Chang, J. J.; Zhao, G.; Zhao, X. Y.; He, C. L.; Pang, A. P.; Shreeve, J. M. New promises from an old friend: iodine-rich compounds as prospective energetic biocidal agents. Acc. Chem. Res. 2021, 54, 332–343. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00623
9. [9]
  Ma, J. C.; Zhang, J. H.; Imler, G. H.; Parrish, D. A.; Shreeve, J. M. Gem-dinitromethyl-functionalized 5-amino-1, 3, 4-oxadiazolate derivatives: alternate route, characterization, and property analysis. Org. Lett. 2020, 22, 4771–4775. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01569
10. [10]
  Ma, J. C.; Tang, Y. X.; Cheng, G. B.; Imler, G. H.; Parrish, D. A.; Shreeve, J. M. Energetic derivatives of 8-nitropyrazolo[1, 5-a][1, 3, 5]triazine-2, 4, 7-triamine: achieving balanced explosives by fusing pyrazole with triazine. Org. Lett. 2020, 22, 1321–1325. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04642
11. [11]
  Xu, H. J.; Peng, L. J.; Wang, J. B.; Ren, H. S.; Zhu, Q.; Li, X. Y. Relationship between energetic performance and clustering effects on incremental nitramine groups: a theoretical perspective. J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123, 742–749. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b10647
12. [12]
  Talawar, M. B.; Sivabalan, R.; Mukundan, T.; Muthurajan, H.; Sikder, A. K.; Gandhe, B. R.; Rao, A. S. Environmentally compatible next generation green energetic materials (GEMs). J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 161, 589–607. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.011
13. [13]
  Witkowski, T. G.; Sebastiao, E.; Gabidullin, B.; Hu, A.; Zhang, F.; Murugesu, M. 2, 3, 5, 6-tetra(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyrazine: a thermally stable nitrogen-rich energetic material. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2018, 1, 589–593. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.7b00138
14. [14]
  Zhai, L. J.; Bi, F. Q.; Zhang, J. R.; Li, X. Z.; Wang, B. Z.; Chen, S. P. 3, 4-Bis(3-tetrazolylfuroxan-4-yl)furoxan: a linear C–C bonded pentaheterocyclic energetic material with high heat of formation and superior performance. ACS Omega 2020, 5, 11115–11122. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01048
15. [15]
  Dong, Z.; Ye, Z. W. Synthesis and properties of salts derived from C₄N₁₈^2-, C₄N₁₈H₃^- and C₄N₁₈H^3- anions. J. Mater. Chem. A 2020, 8, 25035–25039. doi: 10.1039/D0TA08153A
16. [16]
  Bagdi, P. R.; Basha, R. S.; Baruah, P. K.; Khan, A. T. Copper oxide nanoparticle mediated 'click chemistry' for the synthesis of mono-, bis- and tris-triazole derivatives from 10, 10-dipropargyl-9-anthrone as a key building block. RSC Adv. 2014, 4, 10652–10659. doi: 10.1039/c3ra44869j
17. [17]
  Nahle, A.; Salim, R.; Hajjaji, F. E.; Aouad, M. R.; Messali, M.; Ech-chihbi, E.; Hammouti, B.; Taleb, M. Novel triazole derivatives as ecological corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1.0 M HCl: experimental & theoretical approach. RSC Adv. 2021, 11, 4147–4162. doi: 10.1039/D0RA09679B
18. [18]
  Sharma, J.; Ahmad, S.; Alam, M. S. Bioactive triazoles: a potential review. J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 2012, 4, 5157−5164.
19. [19]
  Xu, Z.; Cheng, G. B.; Zhu, S. G.; Lin, Q. H.; Yang, H. W. Nitrogen-rich salts based on the combination of 1, 2, 4-triazole and 1, 2, 3-triazole rings: a facile strategy for fine tuning energetic properties. J. Mater. Chem. A 2018, 6, 2239–2248. doi: 10.1039/C7TA08941D
20. [20]
  Frisch, M. J.; Trucks, G. W.; Schlegel, H. B.; Scuseria, G. E.; Robb, M. A.; Cheeseman, J. R.; Scalmani, G.; Barone, V.; Mennucci, B. G.; Petersson, A.; Nakatsuji, H.; Caricato, M.; Li, X.; Hratchian, H. P.; Izmaylov, A. F.; Bloino, J.; Zheng, G.; Sonnenberg, J. L.; Hada, M.; Ehara, M.; Toyota, K.; Fukuda, R.; Hasegawa, J.; Ishida, M.; Nakajima, T.; Honda, Y.; Kitao, O.; Nakai, H.; Vreven, T.; Montgomery Jr., J. A.; Peralta, J. E.; Ogliaro, F.; Bearpark, M.; Heyd, J. J.; Brothers, E.; Kudin, K. N.; Staroverov, V. N.; Kobayashi, R.; Normand, J.; Raghavachari, K.; Rendell, A.; Burant, J. C.; Iyengar, S. S.; Tomasi, J.; Cossi, M.; Rega, N.; Millam, J. M.; Klene, M.; Knox, J. E.; Cross, J. B.; Bakken, V.; Adamo, C.; Jaramillo, J.; Gomperts, R.; Stratmann, R. E.; Yazyev, O.; Austin, A. J.; Cammi, R.; Pomelli, C.; Ochterski, J. W.; Martin, R. L.; Morokuma, K.; Zakrzewski, V. G.; Voth, G. A.; Salvador, P.; Dannenberg, J. J.; Dapprich, S.; Daniels, A. D.; Farkas, O.; Foresman, J. B.; Ortiz, J. V.; Cioslowski, J.; Fox, D. J. Gaussian 09, Revision D. 01, Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT 2009.
21. [21]
  Shi, J. Q.; Qu, R. J.; Feng, M. B.; Wang, X. H.; Wang, L. S.; Yang, S. G.; Wang, Z. Y. Oxidative degradation of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) by potassium permanganate: reaction pathways, kinetics, and mechanisms assisted by density functional theory calculations. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2015, 49, 4209–4217. doi: 10.1021/es505111r
22. [22]
  Qu, R. J.; Xu, B. Z.; Meng, L. J.; Wang, L. S.; Wang, Z. Y. Ozonation of indigo enhanced by carboxylated carbon nanotubes: performance optimization, degradation products, catalytic mechanism and toxicity evaluation. Water Res. 2015, 68, 316–327. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.10.017
23. [23]
  Hehre, W. J.; Ditchfield, D.; Radom, L.; Pople, J. A. Molecular orbital theory of the electronic structure of organic compounds. V. Molecular theory of bond separation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4796–4801. doi: 10.1021/ja00719a006
24. [24]
  Zhang, J. C.; Zhang, J. H.; Imler, G. H.; Parrish, D. A.; Shreeve, J. M. Sodium and potassium 3, 5-dinitro-4-hydropyrazolate: three dimensional metal-organic frameworks as promising super-heatresistant explosives. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2019, 2, 7628–7634. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.9b01608
25. [25]
  Zhao, G.; He, C. L.; Yin, P.; Imler, G. H.; Parrish, D. A.; Shreeve, J. M. Efficient construction of energetic materials via nonmetallic catalytic carbon-carbon cleavage/oxime-release-coupling reactions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 3560–3563. doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b01260
26. [26]
  He, P.; Zhang, J. G.; Wang, K.; Yin, X.; Jin, X.; Zhang, T. L. Extensive theoretical studies on two new members of the FOX-7 family: 5-(dinitromethylene)-1, 4-dinitramino-tetrazole and 1, 1΄-dinitro-4, 4΄-diamino-5, 5΄-bitetrazole as energetic compounds. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2015, 17, 5840–5848. doi: 10.1039/C4CP04883K
27. [27]
  Jin, X. H.; Hu, B. C.; Lu, W.; Gao, S. J.; Liu, Z. L.; Lv, C. X. Theoretical study on a novel high-energy density material 4, 6, 10, 12-tetranitro-5, 11-bis(nitroimino)-2, 8-dioxa-4, 6, 10, 12 -tetraaza-tricyclo[7, 3, 0, 03, 7] dodecane. RSC Adv. 2014, 4, 6471–6477. doi: 10.1039/c3ra46107f
28. [28]
  Politzer, P.; Lane, P.; Murray, J. S. Computational characterization of a potential energetic compound: 1, 3, 5, 7-tetranitro-2, 4, 6, 8-tetraazacubane. Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater. 2011, 8, 39–52.
29. [29]
  Rice, B. M.; Pai, S. V.; Hare, J. Predicting heats of formation of energetic materials using quantum mechanical calculations. Combust. Flame. 1999, 118, 445–458. doi: 10.1016/S0010-2180(99)00008-5
30. [30]
  Kamlet, M. J.; Jacobs, S. J. Chemistry of detonations. I. A simple method for calculating detonation properties of C–H–N–O explosives. J. Chem. Phys. 1968, 48, 23–35. doi: 10.1063/1.1667908
31. [31]
  Politzer, P.; Murray, J. S. The fundamental nature and role of the electrostatic potential in atoms and molecules. Theor. Chem. Acc. 2002, 108, 134–142. doi: 10.1007/s00214-002-0363-9
32. [32]
  Pospíšil, M.; Vávra, P.; Concha, M. C.; Murray, J. S.; Politzer, P. A possible crystal volume factor in the impact sensitivities of some energetic compounds. J. Mol. Model. 2010, 16, 895–901. doi: 10.1007/s00894-009-0587-x
33. [33]
  Zhang, C.; Shu, Y.; Huang, Y.; Zhao, X.; Dong, H. Investigation of correlation between impact sensitivities and nitro group charges in nitro compounds. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 8978–8982. doi: 10.1021/jp0512309
34. [34]
  Li, B. T.; Li, L. L.; He, J. X. Looking for high energy density molecules in the nitro-substituted derivatives of pyridazine. Chin. J. Struct. Chem. 2020, 39, 849–854.
35. [35]
  Li, Y.; Evans, J. N. S. The Fukui function: a key concept linking frontier molecular orbital theory and the hard-soft-acid-base principle. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7756–7759. doi: 10.1021/ja00134a021
36. [36]
  Ess, D. H.; Houk, K. N. Theory of 1, 3-dipolar cycloadditions: distortion/interaction and frontier molecular orbital models. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 10187–10198. doi: 10.1021/ja800009z
37. [37]
  Guo, C.; Zhang, H.; Wang, X.; Liu, X.; Sun, J. Study on a novel energetic cocrystal of TNT/TNB. J. Mater. Sci. 2013, 48, 1351–135. doi: 10.1007/s10853-012-6881-5
38. [38]
  Gutowski, K. E.; Rogers, R. D.; Dixon, D. A. Accurate thermochemical properties for energetic materials applications. II. Heats of formation of imidazolium-, 1, 2, 4-triazolium-, and tetrazolium-based energetic salts from isodesmic and lattice energy calculations. J. Phys. Chem. B 2007, 109, 4788–4800.
39. [39]
  Boddu, V. M.; Viswanath, D. S.; Ghosh, T. K.; Damavarapu, R. 2, 4, 6-Triamino-1, 3, 5-trinitrobenzene (TATB) and TATB-based formulations - a review. J. Hazard. Mater. 2010, 181, 1−8. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.04.120
1. [1]
  Maitri Bhattacharjee , Rekha Boruah Smriti , R. N. Dutta Purkayastha , Waldemar Maniukiewicz , Shubhamoy Chowdhury , Debasish Maiti , Tamanna Akhtar . Synthesis, structural characterization, bio-activity, and density functional theory calculation on Cu(Ⅱ) complexes with hydrazone-based Schiff base ligands. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1409-1422. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240007
2. [2]
  Qingyun Hu , Wei Wang , Junyuan Lu , He Zhu , Qi Liu , Yang Ren , Hong Wang , Jian Hui . High-throughput screening of high energy density LiMn_1-xFe_xPO₄ via active learning. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 110344-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110344
3. [3]
  Xu Huang , Kai-Yin Wu , Chao Su , Lei Yang , Bei-Bei Xiao . Metal-organic framework Cu-BTC for overall water splitting: A density functional theory study. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 109720-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109720
4. [4]
  Jie ZHAO , Sen LIU , Qikang YIN , Xiaoqing LU , Zhaojie WANG . Theoretical calculation of selective adsorption and separation of CO₂ by alkali metal modified naphthalene/naphthalenediyne. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(3): 515-522. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230385
5. [5]
  Hao XU , Ruopeng LI , Peixia YANG , Anmin LIU , Jie BAI . Regulation mechanism of halogen axial coordination atoms on the oxygen reduction activity of Fe-N₄ site: A density functional theory study. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(4): 695-701. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240302
6. [6]
  Renshu Huang , Jinli Chen , Xingfa Chen , Tianqi Yu , Huyi Yu , Kaien Li , Bin Li , Shibin Yin . Synergized oxygen vacancies with Mn2O3@CeO2 heterojunction as high current density catalysts for Li–O2 batteries. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2023, 42(11): 100171-100171. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100171
7. [7]
  Huyi Yu , Renshu Huang , Qian Liu , Xingfa Chen , Tianqi Yu , Haiquan Wang , Xincheng Liang , Shibin Yin . Te-doped Fe3O4 flower enabling low overpotential cycling of Li-CO2 batteries at high current density. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(3): 100253-100253. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100253
8. [8]
  Longsheng Zhan , Yuchao Wang , Mengjie Liu , Xin Zhao , Danni Deng , Xinran Zheng , Jiabi Jiang , Xiang Xiong , Yongpeng Lei . BiVO₄ as a precatalyst for CO₂ electroreduction to formate at large current density. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(3): 109695-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109695
9. [9]
  Jie ZHAO , Huili ZHANG , Xiaoqing LU , Zhaojie WANG . Theoretical calculations of CO₂ capture and separation by functional groups modified 2D covalent organic framework. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(2): 275-283. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240213
10. [10]
  Yunfei Shen , Long Chen . Gradient imprinted Zn metal anodes assist dendrites-free at high current density/capacity. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(10): 100321-100321. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100321
11. [11]
  Zhilong Xie , Guohui Zhang , Ya Meng , Yefei Tong , Jian Deng , Honghui Li , Qingqing Ma , Shisong Han , Wenjun Ni . A natural nano-platform: Advances in drug delivery system with recombinant high-density lipoprotein. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(11): 109584-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109584
12. [12]
  Xinyu Ren , Hong Liu , Jingang Wang , Jiayuan Yu . Electrospinning-derived functional carbon-based materials for energy conversion and storage. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 109282-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109282
13. [13]
  Peiyan Zhu , Yanyan Yang , Hui Li , Jinhua Wang , Shiqing Li . Rh(Ⅲ)‐Catalyzed sequential ring‐retentive/‐opening [4 + 2] annulations of 2H‐imidazoles towards full‐color emissive imidazo[5,1‐a]isoquinolinium salts and AIE‐active non‐symmetric 1,1′‐biisoquinolines. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109533-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109533
14. [14]
  Dong-Xue Jiao , Hui-Li Zhang , Chao He , Si-Yu Chen , Ke Wang , Xiao-Han Zhang , Li Wei , Qi Wei . Layered (C5H6ON)2[Sb2O(C2O4)3] with a large birefringence derived from the uniform arrangement of π-conjugated units. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(6): 100304-100304. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100304
15. [15]
  Ruofan Yin , Zhaoxin Guo , Rui Liu , Xian-Sen Tao . Ultrafast synthesis of Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ cathode for high performance sodium-ion batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 109643-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109643
16. [16]
  You Zhou , Li-Sheng Wang , Shuang-Gui Lei , Bo-Cheng Tang , Zhi-Cheng Yu , Xing Li , Yan-Dong Wu , Kai-Lu Zheng , An-Xin Wu . I₂-DMSO mediated tetra-functionalization of enaminones for the construction of novel furo[2′,3′:4,5]pyrimido[1,2-b]indazole skeletons via in situ capture of ketenimine cations. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 109799-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109799
17. [17]
  Bairu Meng , Zongji Zhuo , Han Yu , Sining Tao , Zixuan Chen , Erik De Clercq , Christophe Pannecouque , Dongwei Kang , Peng Zhan , Xinyong Liu . Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as novel HIV-1 NNRTIs. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 108827-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108827
18. [18]
  Tong Su , Yue Wang , Qizhen Zhu , Mengyao Xu , Ning Qiao , Bin Xu . Multiple conductive network for KTi₂(PO₄)₃ anode based on MXene as a binder for high-performance potassium storage. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109191-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109191
19. [19]
  Jinge Zhu , Ailing Tang , Leyi Tang , Peiqing Cong , Chao Li , Qing Guo , Zongtao Wang , Xiaoru Xu , Jiang Wu , Erjun Zhou . Chlorination of benzyl group on the terminal unit of A₂-A₁-D-A₁-A₂ type nonfullerene acceptor for high-voltage organic solar cells. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 110233-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110233
20. [20]
  Xin Li , Wanting Fu , Ruiqing Guan , Yue Yuan , Qinmei Zhong , Gang Yao , Sheng-Tao Yang , Liandong Jing , Song Bai . Nucleophiles promotes the decomposition of electrophilic functional groups of tetracycline in ZVI/H₂O₂ system: Efficiency and mechanism. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109625-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109625

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(2)
Abstract views(357)
HTML views(5)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142