Citation: Dongsheng Lu, Aimei Gao. 如何判别化学电源的能斯特方程中固/液纯相物质的活度？[J]. University Chemistry, ;2026, 41(10): 423-429. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202511021 shu

如何判别化学电源的能斯特方程中固/液纯相物质的活度？

Dongsheng Lu ^, ,
Aimei Gao

School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China

Corresponding author: Dongsheng Lu, dhx@scnu.edu.cn
Received Date: 3 November 2025
Accepted Date: 18 December 2025

应用能斯特方程计算非标准态下化学电源的电动势时，常常需要判别方程中固/液纯相物质的活度然后进行简化。但是，现有的《物理化学》和《电化学原理》教材都没有涉及如何区分电池反应中反应物和生成物哪些是液体纯相，哪些是固体纯相，这使学生在简化能斯特方程时容易出现错误。针对这一问题，本文列举了铅酸蓄电池、锌镍蓄电池、锂离子蓄电池和钠硫蓄电池四种典型的化学电源的能斯特方程的简化方法，总结了方程中纯固相或液相活度的判别依据。
- Nernst equation,
- Reversible electrode,
- Chemical power source,
- Electromotive force of cell,
- Activity
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