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Citation: Ziwei Yang, Chenxi Zhang, Yu Duan, Yanxue Shang, Shunmei He. 从昆虫到可食用色素——解密胭脂虫红的色彩化学[J]. University Chemistry, ;2026, 41(5): 120-130. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202509113 shu

从昆虫到可食用色素——解密胭脂虫红的色彩化学

School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan Province, China

Corresponding author: Shunmei He, heshunmei@hunau.edu.cn
Received Date: 24 September 2025
Revised Date: 7 January 2026

胭脂虫红是从寄生在仙人掌上的雌性胭脂虫体内提取的天然动物色素，因其安全无毒而被广泛应用于食品、药品及化妆品等领域。本科普实验探究了胭脂虫红在不同pH溶液中呈现橙色-红色-紫色的渐变特性，以及与金属离子铜、铁、钙形成不同颜色的配合物，并通过紫外可见吸收光谱分析了其中蕴含的化学原理。利用胭脂虫红的变色特点构建两种比色卡，向大众科普了如何对常见食品、日用品、保健品以及药品进行酸碱鉴别、金属离子鉴定及其浓度检测，以别具一格的颜色变化给予大众对化学知识最直观的理解。本科普实验试剂和材料绿色易得、操作简单、现象有趣、过程安全，非常适合由浅至深地面向中小学生及公众开展不同层次的化学知识科普，展现天然动物色素在科学实践和社会发展中的独特价值。
- Cochineal,
- Acid-base color change,
- Metal ion detection,
- Colorimetric card
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