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Citation: Chonghang Sun, Xingfang Zheng, Lin Li, Xiaolei Jiang, Fangdong Hu. 类比法在有机化学机理教学中的应用——以羰基化合物及羧酸衍生物为例[J]. University Chemistry, ;2026, 41(9): 382-391. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202508095 shu

类比法在有机化学机理教学中的应用——以羰基化合物及羧酸衍生物为例

School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong Province, China

Corresponding author: Xiaolei Jiang, Fangdong Hu,
Received Date: 28 August 2025
Revised Date: 30 September 2025

类比法作为基于认知心理学的有效教学策略，通过建立已知与未知知识间的关联与对比，显著提升知识理解与迁移能力。本文将类比法应用于有机化学机理教学实践，发现该方法不仅有助于学生构建新、旧知识间的认知联系，强化理解与记忆效果，更能培养其知识迁移能力和问题解决能力。基于有机化学的教学内容，本文以典型的羰基化合物醛、酮及羧酸衍生物为例，从亲核加成、亲核取代和1,2-重排三类重要反应机理入手，系统探讨类比法的教学实施策略，意在帮助学生突破传统教学中的认知障碍，提升其化学思维能力和创新意识，为教师进行有机化学机理教学提供新的实践路径。
- Analogy method,
- Aldehydes and ketones,
- Carboxylic acid derivatives,
- Nucleophilic addition,
- Reaction mechanism
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