Citation: Xiao Ma, Junjie Wang, Xin Chen, Jingcheng Li, Fang Wang, Xueping Sun. “我不是坏人！”——一颗自由基的自白书[J]. University Chemistry, ;2026, 41(8): 194-202. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202507008 shu

“我不是坏人！”——一颗自由基的自白书

School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan Province, China

Corresponding author: Xueping Sun, xpsun2001@163.com
Received Date: 3 July 2025
Accepted Date: 10 November 2025

自由基是一类携带未成对电子、反应活性极高的原子或分子碎片，长期在大众视野中被简单等同于“致衰老”“致病”等因素，而在生命维持、工业合成及生态调节中的多重正面功能常常被忽略。本文面向高校学生及公众科普需求，以“化学法庭”叙事为框架：先从产生机理、家族分类与寿命-活性特征入手，解析自由基为何“生而躁动”；继而透视其在脱氧核糖核酸氧化损伤、蛋白碳基化、脂质过氧化和材料腐蚀等场景中的破坏效应；随后反转视角，展示其在免疫氧爆发、一氧化氮信号传导、高分子聚合引发、废水高级氧化以及臭氧层化学中的关键贡献；紧接着勾勒由超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、维生素、多酚及纳米酶构成的体内外抗氧化防御网络，阐明生物系统与自由基的动态平衡；最终以“剂量决定效应”统摄全文，强调科学利用与过量危害的分野。文章兼具故事性与科学性，旨在纠正社会对自由基的单向负面认知，倡导以理性、量化和场景依赖的化学思维评价活性物种，为提升公众科学素养、丰富化学课程思政与科普教学提供参照。
- Free radicals,
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS),
- Reactive nitrogen species (RNS),
- Oxidative stress,
- Antioxidant system
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