Citation: Junmei FAN, Wei LIU, Ruitao ZHU, Chenxi QIN, Xiaoling LEI, Haotian WANG, Jiao WANG, Hongfei HAN. High sensitivity detection of baicalein by N, S co-doped carbon dots and their application in biofluids[J]. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, ;2024, 40(10): 2009-2020. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240120 shu

High sensitivity detection of baicalein by N, S co-doped carbon dots and their application in biofluids

Department of Chemistry and Materials, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, China

Corresponding author: Junmei FAN, jmfan@tynu.edu.cn
Received Date: 8 April 2024
Revised Date: 17 July 2024

Figures(8)

In this work, p-phenylenediamine and L-cysteine were used as raw materials, and water-soluble N, S co-doped carbon dots (N, S-CDs) with excellent performance were prepared through a one-step solvothermal method. The morphology and structure of N, S-CDs were characterized by transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the basic photophysical properties were investigated via UV-Vis absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra. Meanwhile, the N, S-CDs have excellent luminescence stability with pH, ionic strength, radiation time, and storage time. Experimental results illustrated the present sensor platform exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity in response to baicalein with a detection limit of 85 nmol·L^-1. The quenching mechanism is proved to be the inner filter effect. In addition, this sensor can also detect baicalein in biofluids (serum and urine) with good accuracy and reproducibility.
- N, S-carbon dots,
- solvothermal method,
- baicalein,
- fluorescent sensor
1. [1]
  Yong H M, Bi F Y, Liu J, Qin Y, Bai R Y, Liu J. Preparation and char-acterization of antioxidant packaging by chitosan, D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate and baicalein[J]. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2020,153:836-845. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.076
2. [2]
  Tuli H S, Aggarwal V, Kaur J, Aggarwal D, Parashar G, Parashar N C, Tuorkey M, Kaur G, Savla R, Sak K, Kumar M. Baicalein: A metabo-lite with promising antineoplastic activity[J]. Life Sci., 2020,259118183. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118183
3. [3]
  Wang L, Feng T, Su Z L, Pi C, Wei Y M, Zhao L. Latest research prog-ress on anticancer effect of baicalin and its aglycone baicalein[J]. Arch. Pharm. Res., 2022,45:535-557. doi: 10.1007/s12272-022-01397-z
4. [4]
  Low Z X, OuYong B M, Hassandarvish P, Poh C L, Ramanathan B. Antiviral activity of silymarin and baicalein against dengue virus[J]. Sci. Rep., 2021,1121221. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98949-y
5. [5]
  Wang X, Li X B, Chen W F, Wang R L, Bian W, Choi M M. F[J]. Phos-phorus doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as fluorescence probe for the detection of baicalein. Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr., 2018,198:1-6.
6. [6]
  Lin M C, Tsai M J, Wen K C. Supercritical fluid extraction of flavo-noids from Scutellariae Radix[J]. J. Chromatogr. A, 1999,830:387-395. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00906-6
7. [7]
  Gharari Z, Bagheri K, Danafar H, Sharafi A. Simultaneous determina-tion of baicalein, chrysin and wogonin in four Iranian Scutellaria spe-cies by high performance liquid chromatography[J]. J. Appl. Res. Med. Plants, 2020,16100232.
8. [8]
  Zhang D D, Zhang Y M, He L C. Sensitive voltammetric determina-tion of baicalein at thermally reduced graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode[J]. Electroanalysis, 2013,25:2136-2144. doi: 10.1002/elan.201300189
9. [9]
  Xie Z K, Lu W, Yang L X, Li G P, Ye B X. A voltammetry sensor plat-form for baicalein and baicalin simultaneous detection in vivo based on Ta₂O₅-Nb₂O₅@CTS composite[J]. Talanta, 2017,170:358-368. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.04.022
10. [10]
  Chen G, Zhang H W, Ye J N. Determination of baicalein, baicalin and quercetin in Scutellariae Radix and its preparations by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection[J]. Talanta, 2000,53:471-479. doi: 10.1016/S0039-9140(00)00514-2
11. [11]
  Peng Y Y, Ding X H, Chu Q C, Ye J N. Determination of baicalein, baicalin, and chlorogenic acid in Yinhuang oral liquid by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection[J]. Anal. Lett., 2003,36:2793-2803. doi: 10.1081/AL-120025256
12. [12]
  Baygildieva D I, Baygildiev T M, Stavrianidi A N, Shpigun O A, Rodin I A. Simultaneous determination of wogonin, scutellarin, baicalin, and baicalein in extracts from scutellariae baicalensis by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spec-trometry[J]. J. Anal. Chem., 2018,73:1317-1322. doi: 10.1134/S1061934818140022
13. [13]
  Zhang Y, Wang X J, Wang L, Yu M, Han X J. Interactions of the baicalin and baicalein with bilayer lipid membranes investigated by cyclic voltammetry and UV-Vis spectroscopy[J]. Bioelectrochemistry, 2014,95:29-33. doi: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2013.10.008
14. [14]
  Ru Y, Waterhouse G I N, Lu S Y. Aggregation in carbon dots[J]. Aggregate, 2022,3e296. doi: 10.1002/agt2.296
15. [15]
  Zhu L C, Kong W J, Ma J J, Zhang R F, Qin C, Liu H, Pan S. Appli-cations of carbon dots and its modified carbon dots in bone defect repair[J]. J. Biol. Eng., 2022,1632. doi: 10.1186/s13036-022-00311-x
16. [16]
  Gong X J, Zhang Q Y, Gao Y F, Shuang S M, Choi M M F, Dong C. Phosphorus and nitrogen dual-doped hollow carbon dot as a nanocar-rier for doxorubicin delivery and biological imaging[J]. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2016,8:11288-11297. doi: 10.1021/acsami.6b01577
17. [17]
  Hutton G A M, Martindale B C M, Reisner E. Carbon dots as photo-sensitisers for solar-driven catalysis[J]. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2017,46:6111-6123. doi: 10.1039/C7CS00235A
18. [18]
  Ding Y N, Li X, Zheng Z Y, Chen M J, Zhang Y, Liu Z Y, Wang F H, Guan L. Preparation and luminescent modulation of yellow car-bon dots for electroluminescent device[J]. J. Lumin., 2022,249119036. doi: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2022.119036
19. [19]
  Ni Y Q, Wan H H, Liang W Q, Zhang S F, Xu X S, Li L, Shao Y H, Ruan S C, Zhang W F. Random lasing carbon dot fibers for multilev-el anti-counterfeiting[J]. Nanoscale, 2021,13:16872-16878. doi: 10.1039/D1NR04707H
20. [20]
  Zhang S B, Yan H D, Li H N, Xu T T, Li H, Wang C K, Yang Z, Jia X D, Liu X R. Carbon dots as specific fluorescent sensors for Hg²⁺ and glutathione imaging[J]. Microchim. Acta, 2023,190224. doi: 10.1007/s00604-023-05805-z
21. [21]
  Zhang J, Nan D Y, Pan S, Liu H, Yang H, Hu X L. N, S co-doped carbon dots as a dual-functional fluorescent sensor for sensitive detection of baicalein and temperature[J]. Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr., 2019,221117161. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117161
22. [22]
  Fan J M, Qi L, Li Y P, Tang Q P, Ding L P, Fang Y. A single probe-based sensor array for fingerprinting biothiols in serum and urine via surfactant modulation strategy[J]. Sens. Actuator B-Chem., 2019,301127144. doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2019.127144
23. [23]
  Fan J M, Wu E R, Dong J L, Zhu R T, Li M Q, Gao J N, Han H F, Ding L P. A minimalist ratiometric fluorescent sensor based on non-covalent ternary platform for sensing H₂S in aqueous solution and serum[J]. Colloids Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 2021,616126299. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126299
24. [24]
  Zhu P D, Zhao X L, Zhu Q Y, Han X L, Tang Y Y, Liao S, Guo Z X, Wang Z Y, Bi W Z, Xu Q, Zhang L N, Xu M. Exploring multi-element co-doped carbon dots as dual-mode probes for fluorescence/CT imaging[J]. Chem. Eng. J., 2023,470144042. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.144042
25. [25]
  Zhu P D, Li W J, Zhang Y Q, Sun Q, Lin Y, Qiu A L, Chen X Y, Zhou Y J, Wu G F, Li Y F, Yu Z Q, Xu Q, Luo D X, Cai L L. β-Cyclodextrin derived full-spectrum fluorescent carbon dots: The for-mation process investigation and biological applications[J]. Chin. Chem. Lett., 2023,34108239. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108239
26. [26]
  Dang D K, Chandrasekaran S, Ngo Y L T, Chung J S, Kim E J, Hur S H. One pot solid-state synthesis of highly fluorescent N and S co-doped carbon dots and its use as fluorescent probe for Ag^- detection in aqueous solution[J]. Sens. Actuator B-Chem., 2018,255:3284-3291. doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2017.09.155
27. [27]
  ZHANG Q M, ZHANG L P, ZHENG K W, YANG G Q, HE S J, DU X J, CHEN F H, LI B. Green synthesis of high-stability black rice carbon dots for application in cell imaging[J]. Chinese J. Inorg. Chem., 2023,39(4):735-745.
28. [28]
  Mohandoss S, Palanisamy S, Priya V V, Mohan S K, Shim J J, Yelithao K, You S, Lee Y R. Excitation-dependent multiple lumines-cence emission of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots for cyste-ine sensing, bioimaging, and photoluminescent ink applications[J]. Microchem. J., 2021,167106280. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106280
29. [29]
  Li X M, Zhang S L, Kulinich S A, Liu Y L, Zeng H B. Engineering surface states of carbon dots to achieve controllable luminescence for solid-luminescent composites and sensitive Be²⁺ detection[J]. Sci. Rep., 2014,4:4976-4983. doi: 10.1038/srep04976
30. [30]
  Dong Y Q, Pang H C, Yang H B, Guo C X, Shao J W, Chi Y W, Li C M, Yu T. Carbon-based dots co-doped with nitrogen and sulfur for high quantum yield and excitation-independent emission[J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2013,52:7800-7804. doi: 10.1002/anie.201301114
31. [31]
  Liao X F, Chen C J, Zhou R X, Huang Q L, Liang Q L, Huang Z Q, Zhang Y J, Hu H Y, Liang Y L. Comparison of N-doped carbon dots synthesized from the main components of plants including cellulose, lignin, and xylose: Characterized, fluorescence mechanism, and potential applications[J]. Dyes Pigment., 2020,183108725. doi: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2020.108725
32. [32]
  Li H J, Han S C, Lyu B, Hong T, Zhi S B, Xu L, Xue F F, Sai L M, Yang J H, Wang X Y, He B. Tunable light emission from carbon dots by controlling surface defects[J]. Chin. Chem. Lett., 2021,32:2887-2892. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.03.051
33. [33]
  Wang X, Zhu C J, Yan X R, Cheng S J, Zhang Y. The synthesis of N-doped carbon dots for visual differentiating and detection of tetracy-clines[J]. Luminescence, 2023,38:188-195. doi: 10.1002/bio.4439
34. [34]
  Bao Q Z, Lin D, Gao Y R, Wu L N, Fu J H, Galaa K, Lin X H, Lin L Q. Ultrasensitive off-on-off fluorescent nanosensor for protamine and trypsin detection based on inner-filter effect between N, S-CDs and gold nanoparticles[J]. Microchem. J., 2021,168106409. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106409
35. [35]
  Fan J M, Zhu R T, Han W, Han H F, Ding L P. A multi-wavelength cross - reactive fluorescent sensor ensemble for fingerprinting flavo- noids in serum and urine[J]. Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr., 2024,310123893. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123893
36. [36]
  Chen C X, Zhao D, Hu T, Sun J. , Yang X R[J]. Highly fluorescent nitro- gen and sulfur co- doped graphene quantum dots for an inner filter effect-based cyanide sensor. Sens. Actuator B-Chem., 2017,241:779-788.
1. [1]
  Junying LI , Xinyan CHEN , Xihui DIAO , Muhammad Yaseen , Chao CHEN , Hao WANG , Chuansong QI , Wei LI . Chiral fluorescent sensor Tb³⁺@Cd-CP based on camphoric acid for the enantioselective recognition of R- and S-propylene glycol. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(12): 2497-2504. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240084
2. [2]
  Shuangying Li , Qingxiang Zhou , Zhi Li , Menghua Liu , Yanhui Li . Sensitive measurement of silver ions in environmental water samples integrating magnetic ion-imprinted solid phase extraction and carbon dot fluorescent sensor. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 108693-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108693
3. [3]
  Meiling Xu , Xinyang Li , Pengyuan Liu , Junjun Liu , Xiao Han , Guodong Chai , Shuangling Zhong , Bai Yang , Liying Cui . A novel and visible ratiometric fluorescence determination of carbaryl based on red emissive carbon dots by a solvent-free method. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 109860-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109860
4. [4]
  Xiaoning Li , Quanyu Shi , Meng Li , Ningxin Song , Yumeng Xiao , Huining Xiao , Tony D. James , Lei Feng . Functionalization of cellulose carbon dots with different elements (N, B and S) for mercury ion detection and anti-counterfeit applications. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 109021-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109021
5. [5]
  Yijian Zhao , Jvzhe Li , Yunyi Shi , Jie Hu , Meiyi Liu , Yao Shen , Xinglin Hou , Qiuyue Wang , Qi Wang , Zhiyi Yao . A label-free and ratiometric fluorescent sensor based on porphyrin-metal-organic frameworks for sensitive detection of ochratoxin A in cereal. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 110132-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110132
6. [6]
  Shijie Li , Ke Rong , Xiaoqin Wang , Chuqi Shen , Fang Yang , Qinghong Zhang . Design of Carbon Quantum Dots/CdS/Ta₃N₅ S-Scheme Heterojunction Nanofibers for Efficient Photocatalytic Antibiotic Removal. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2403005-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202403005
7. [7]
  Jiao Chen , Zihan Zhang , Guojin Sun , Yudi Cheng , Aihua Wu , Zefan Wang , Wenwen Jiang , Fulin Chen , Xiuying Xie , Jianli Li . Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-based structure-inherent targeting fluorescent sensor for imaging lysosomal viscosity and diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(11): 110050-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110050
8. [8]
  Tao Liu , Xuwei Han , Xueyi Sun , Weijie Zhang , Ke Gao , Runan Min , Yuting Tian , Caixia Yin . An activated fluorescent probe to monitor NO fluctuation in Parkinson’s disease. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(3): 110170-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110170
9. [9]
  Xuehua SUN , Min MA , Jianting LIU , Rui TIAN , Hongmei CHAI , Huali CUI , Loujun GAO . Pr/N co-doped biomass carbon dots with enhanced fluorescence for efficient detection of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(3): 561-573. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240294
10. [10]
  Binyang Qin , Mengqi Wang , Shimei Wu , Yining Li , Chilin Liu , Yufei Zhang , Haosen Fan . Carbon dots confined nanosheets assembled NiCo₂S₄@CDs cross-stacked architecture for enhanced sodium ion storage. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 108921-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108921
11. [11]
  Yudi Cheng , Xiao Wang , Jiao Chen , Zihan Zhang , Jiadong Ou , Mengyao She , Fulin Chen , Jianli Li . A near-infrared fluorescent probe for visualizing transformation pathway of Cys/Hcy and H₂S and its applications in living system. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 109156-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109156
12. [12]
  Zhijie Zhang , Xun Li , Huiling Tang , Junhao Wu , Chunxia Yao , Kui Li . Cs₂CuBr₄ perovskite quantum dots confined in mesoporous CuO framework as a p-n type S-scheme heterojunction for efficient CO₂ photoconversion. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(11): 109700-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109700
13. [13]
  Zhiwei Zhong , Yanbin Huang , Wantai Yang . A simple photochemical method for surface fluorination using perfluoroketones. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 109339-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109339
14. [14]
  Donghui Wu , Qilin Zhao , Jian Sun , Xiurong Yang . Corrigendum to 'Fluorescence immunoassay based on alkaline phosphatase-induced in situ generation of fluorescent non-conjugated polymer dots' [Chin. Chem. Lett. 34 (2023) 107672]. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 109881-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109881
15. [15]
  Fanjun Kong , Yixin Ge , Shi Tao , Zhengqiu Yuan , Chen Lu , Zhida Han , Lianghao Yu , Bin Qian . Engineering and understanding SnS_0.5Se_0.5@N/S/Se triple-doped carbon nanofibers for enhanced sodium-ion batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108552-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108552
16. [16]
  Xueling Yu , Lixing Fu , Tong Wang , Zhixin Liu , Na Niu , Ligang Chen . Multivariate chemical analysis: From sensors to sensor arrays. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 109167-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109167
17. [17]
  Wei-Tao Dou , Qing-Wen Zeng , Yan Kang , Haidong Jia , Yulian Niu , Jinglong Wang , Lin Xu . Construction and application of multicomponent fluorescent droplets. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 109995-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109995
18. [18]
  Erzhuo Cheng , Yunyi Li , Wei Yuan , Wei Gong , Yanjun Cai , Yuan Gu , Yong Jiang , Yu Chen , Jingxi Zhang , Guangquan Mo , Bin Yang . Galvanostatic method assembled ZIFs nanostructure as novel nanozyme for the glucose oxidation and biosensing. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109386-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109386
19. [19]
  Keyang Li , Yanan Wang , Yatao Xu , Guohua Shi , Sixian Wei , Xue Zhang , Baomei Zhang , Qiang Jia , Huanhua Xu , Liangmin Yu , Jun Wu , Zhiyu He . Flash nanocomplexation (FNC): A new microvolume mixing method for nanomedicine formulation. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109511-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109511
20. [20]
  Wenxuan Yang , Long Shang , Xiaomeng Liu , Sihan Zhang , Haixia Li , Zhenhua Yan , Jun Chen . Ultrafast synthesis of nanocrystalline spinel oxides by Joule-heating method. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(11): 109501-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109501

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(1)
Abstract views(390)
HTML views(66)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142